Switch EXIF library

Closes #10855
Closes #8586
Closes #8996

12 files changed, 284 insertions, 181 deletions

diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 2b7327aa3..d1d4da6d8 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/bep/golibsass v1.1.1
 	github.com/bep/gowebp v0.3.0
 	github.com/bep/helpers v0.4.0
+	github.com/bep/imagemeta v0.7.0
 	github.com/bep/lazycache v0.4.0
 	github.com/bep/logg v0.4.0
 	github.com/bep/mclib v1.20400.20402
@@ -60,7 +61,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/pbnjay/memory v0.0.0-20210728143218-7b4eea64cf58
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2
 	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0
-	github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd
 	github.com/sanity-io/litter v1.5.5
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.11.0
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.6.0
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 801a32cd2..b4250b46b 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -118,10 +118,6 @@ github.com/bep/clocks v0.5.0 h1:hhvKVGLPQWRVsBP/UB7ErrHYIO42gINVbvqxvYTPVps=
 github.com/bep/clocks v0.5.0/go.mod h1:SUq3q+OOq41y2lRQqH5fsOoxN8GbxSiT6jvoVVLCVhU=
 github.com/bep/debounce v1.2.0 h1:wXds8Kq8qRfwAOpAxHrJDbCXgC5aHSzgQb/0gKsHQqo=
 github.com/bep/debounce v1.2.0/go.mod h1:H8yggRPQKLUhUoqrJC1bO2xNya7vanpDl7xR3ISbCJ0=
-github.com/bep/gitmap v1.4.0 h1:GeWbPb2QDTfcZLBQmCB693N3sJmPQfeu81fDrD5r8x8=
-github.com/bep/gitmap v1.4.0/go.mod h1:n+3W1f/rot2hynsqEGxGMErPRgT41n9CkGuzPvz9cIw=
-github.com/bep/gitmap v1.5.0 h1:ExDl7HeDaRDG8FXFRTnv20qzbyJlC6ivdOboMYFvrms=
-github.com/bep/gitmap v1.5.0/go.mod h1:n+3W1f/rot2hynsqEGxGMErPRgT41n9CkGuzPvz9cIw=
 github.com/bep/gitmap v1.6.0 h1:sDuQMm9HoTL0LtlrfxjbjgAg2wHQd4nkMup2FInYzhA=
 github.com/bep/gitmap v1.6.0/go.mod h1:n+3W1f/rot2hynsqEGxGMErPRgT41n9CkGuzPvz9cIw=
 github.com/bep/goat v0.5.0 h1:S8jLXHCVy/EHIoCY+btKkmcxcXFd34a0Q63/0D4TKeA=
@@ -136,6 +132,8 @@ github.com/bep/gowebp v0.3.0 h1:MhmMrcf88pUY7/PsEhMgEP0T6fDUnRTMpN8OclDrbrY=
 github.com/bep/gowebp v0.3.0/go.mod h1:ZhFodwdiFp8ehGJpF4LdPl6unxZm9lLFjxD3z2h2AgI=
 github.com/bep/helpers v0.4.0 h1:ab9veaAiWY4ST48Oxp5usaqivDmYdB744fz+tcZ3Ifs=
 github.com/bep/helpers v0.4.0/go.mod h1:/QpHdmcPagDw7+RjkLFCvnlUc8lQ5kg4KDrEkb2Yyco=
+github.com/bep/imagemeta v0.7.0 h1:I6Ve/UToNRdnh8qOlpuiR8dX56q6qi97hOqReaMsLMk=
+github.com/bep/imagemeta v0.7.0/go.mod h1:5piPAq5Qomh07m/dPPCLN3mDJyFusvUG7VwdRD/vX0s=
 github.com/bep/lazycache v0.4.0 h1:X8yVyWNVupPd4e1jV7efi3zb7ZV/qcjKQgIQ5aPbkYI=
 github.com/bep/lazycache v0.4.0/go.mod h1:NmRm7Dexh3pmR1EignYR8PjO2cWybFQ68+QgY3VMCSc=
 github.com/bep/logg v0.4.0 h1:luAo5mO4ZkhA5M1iDVDqDqnBBnlHjmtZF6VAyTp+nCQ=
@@ -409,7 +407,6 @@ github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0/go.mod h1:E+RYuTGaKKdloAfM02xzb0FW3Paa99
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 h1:JIOH55/0cWyOuilr9/qlrm0BSXldqnqwMsf35Ld67mk=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd h1:CmH9+J6ZSsIjUK3dcGsnCnO41eRBOnY12zwkn5qVwgc=
-github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif v0.0.0-20190401172101-9e8deecbddbd/go.mod h1:hPqNNc0+uJM6H+SuU8sEs5K5IQeKccPqeSjfgcKGgPk=
 github.com/sanity-io/litter v1.5.5 h1:iE+sBxPBzoK6uaEP5Lt3fHNgpKcHXc/A2HGETy0uJQo=
 github.com/sanity-io/litter v1.5.5/go.mod h1:9gzJgR2i4ZpjZHsKvUXIRQVk7P+yM3e+jAF7bU2UI5U=
 github.com/shogo82148/go-shuffle v0.0.0-20180218125048-27e6095f230d/go.mod h1:2htx6lmL0NGLHlO8ZCf+lQBGBHIbEujyywxJArf+2Yc=
diff --git a/hugolib/image_test.go b/hugolib/image_test.go
index b3b933711..d58008512 100644
--- a/hugolib/image_test.go
+++ b/hugolib/image_test.go
@@ -82,12 +82,13 @@ SUNSET2: {{ $resized2.RelPermalink }}/{{ $resized2.Width }}/Lat: {{ $resized2.Ex
 	// Check the file cache
 	b.AssertImage(200, 200, "resources/_gen/images/bundle/sunset_hu59e56ffff1bc1d8d122b1403d34e039f_90587_200x200_resize_q75_box.jpg")
 
-	b.AssertFileContent("resources/_gen/images/bundle/sunset_3166614710256882113.json",
-		"DateTimeDigitized|time.Time", "PENTAX")
+	b.AssertFileContent("resources/_gen/images/bundle/sunset_9750822043026343402.json",
+		"FocalLengthIn35mmFormat|uint16", "PENTAX")
 
 	b.AssertImage(123, 234, "resources/_gen/images/images/sunset_hu59e56ffff1bc1d8d122b1403d34e039f_90587_123x234_resize_q75_box.jpg")
-	b.AssertFileContent("resources/_gen/images/images/sunset_3166614710256882113.json",
-		"DateTimeDigitized|time.Time", "PENTAX")
+
+	b.AssertFileContent("resources/_gen/images/images/sunset_9750822043026343402.json",
+		"FocalLengthIn35mmFormat|uint16", "PENTAX")
 
 	b.AssertNoDuplicateWrites()
 }
diff --git a/resources/image.go b/resources/image.go
index 8f70a665a..188f49624 100644
--- a/resources/image.go
+++ b/resources/image.go
@@ -82,8 +82,9 @@ func (i *imageResource) Exif() *exif.ExifInfo {
 
 func (i *imageResource) getExif() *exif.ExifInfo {
 	i.metaInit.Do(func() {
-		supportsExif := i.Format == images.JPEG || i.Format == images.TIFF
-		if !supportsExif {
+		mf := i.Format.ToImageMetaImageFormatFormat()
+		if mf == -1 {
+			// No Exif support for this format.
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -114,7 +115,8 @@ func (i *imageResource) getExif() *exif.ExifInfo {
 			}
 			defer f.Close()
 
-			x, err := i.getSpec().imaging.DecodeExif(f)
+			filename := i.getResourcePaths().Path()
+			x, err := i.getSpec().imaging.DecodeExif(filename, mf, f)
 			if err != nil {
 				i.getSpec().Logger.Warnf("Unable to decode Exif metadata from image: %s", i.Key())
 				return nil
@@ -471,7 +473,9 @@ func (i *imageResource) clone(img image.Image) *imageResource {
 }
 
 func (i *imageResource) getImageMetaCacheTargetPath() string {
-	const imageMetaVersionNumber = 1 // Increment to invalidate the meta cache
+	// Increment to invalidate the meta cache
+	// Last increment: v0.130.0 when change to the new imagemeta library for Exif.
+	const imageMetaVersionNumber = 2
 
 	cfgHash := i.getSpec().imaging.Cfg.SourceHash
 	df := i.getResourcePaths()
diff --git a/resources/image_extended_test.go b/resources/image_extended_test.go
index 429e51fb6..2f1f4f4a4 100644
--- a/resources/image_extended_test.go
+++ b/resources/image_extended_test.go
@@ -20,22 +20,28 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
+	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/htesting/hqt"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/media"
 )
 
 func TestImageResizeWebP(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)
 
-	_, image := fetchImage(c, "sunset.webp")
+	_, image := fetchImage(c, "sunrise.webp")
 
 	c.Assert(image.MediaType(), qt.Equals, media.Builtin.WEBPType)
-	c.Assert(image.RelPermalink(), qt.Equals, "/a/sunset.webp")
+	c.Assert(image.RelPermalink(), qt.Equals, "/a/sunrise.webp")
 	c.Assert(image.ResourceType(), qt.Equals, "image")
-	c.Assert(image.Exif(), qt.IsNil)
+	exif := image.Exif()
+	c.Assert(exif, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+	c.Assert(exif.Tags["Copyright"], qt.Equals, "Bjørn Erik Pedersen")
+	c.Assert(exif.Lat, hqt.IsSameFloat64, 36.59744166666667)
+	c.Assert(exif.Long, hqt.IsSameFloat64, -4.50846)
+	c.Assert(exif.Date.IsZero(), qt.Equals, false)
 
 	resized, err := image.Resize("123x")
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(image.MediaType(), qt.Equals, media.Builtin.WEBPType)
-	c.Assert(resized.RelPermalink(), qt.Equals, "/a/sunset_hu36ee0b61ba924719ad36da960c273f96_59826_123x0_resize_q68_h2_linear_2.webp")
+	c.Assert(resized.RelPermalink(), qt.Equals, "/a/sunrise_hu6ad68bcbae1b79cbc2f6b451894deaf6_95652_123x0_resize_q68_h2_linear_2.webp")
 	c.Assert(resized.Width(), qt.Equals, 123)
 }
diff --git a/resources/image_test.go b/resources/image_test.go
index 7e26c1f55..0a53b4117 100644
--- a/resources/image_test.go
+++ b/resources/image_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	"image/gif"
 	"io/fs"
-	"math/big"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/bep/imagemeta"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/htesting"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/images/webp"
 
@@ -67,8 +67,13 @@ var eq = qt.CmpEquals(
 		return m1.Type == m2.Type
 	}),
 	cmp.Comparer(
-		func(v1, v2 *big.Rat) bool {
-			return v1.RatString() == v2.RatString()
+		func(v1, v2 imagemeta.Rat[uint32]) bool {
+			return v1.String() == v2.String()
+		},
+	),
+	cmp.Comparer(
+		func(v1, v2 imagemeta.Rat[int32]) bool {
+			return v1.String() == v2.String()
 		},
 	),
 	cmp.Comparer(func(v1, v2 time.Time) bool {
@@ -392,7 +397,7 @@ func TestImageResize8BitPNG(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(image.MediaType().Type, qt.Equals, "image/png")
 	c.Assert(image.RelPermalink(), qt.Equals, "/a/gohugoio.png")
 	c.Assert(image.ResourceType(), qt.Equals, "image")
-	c.Assert(image.Exif(), qt.IsNil)
+	c.Assert(image.Exif(), qt.IsNotNil)
 
 	resized, err := image.Resize("800x")
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
@@ -443,6 +448,7 @@ func TestImageExif(t *testing.T) {
 		c.Assert(lensModel, qt.Equals, "smc PENTAX-DA* 16-50mm F2.8 ED AL [IF] SDM")
 		resized, _ := image.Resize("300x200")
 		x2 := resized.Exif()
+
 		c.Assert(x2, eq, x)
 	}
 
diff --git a/resources/images/exif/exif.go b/resources/images/exif/exif.go
index 0374cdc96..a7f0e0757 100644
--- a/resources/images/exif/exif.go
+++ b/resources/images/exif/exif.go
@@ -14,25 +14,18 @@
 package exif
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"math"
-	"math/big"
 	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-	"unicode"
-	"unicode/utf8"
 
+	"github.com/bep/imagemeta"
+	"github.com/bep/logg"
 	"github.com/bep/tmc"
-
-	_exif "github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif/exif"
-	"github.com/rwcarlsen/goexif/tiff"
 )
 
-const exifTimeLayout = "2006:01:02 15:04:05"
-
 // ExifInfo holds the decoded Exif data for an Image.
 type ExifInfo struct {
 	// GPS latitude in degrees.
@@ -53,6 +46,15 @@ type Decoder struct {
 	excludeFieldsrRe *regexp.Regexp
 	noDate           bool
 	noLatLong        bool
+	warnl            logg.LevelLogger
+}
+
+func (d *Decoder) shouldInclude(s string) bool {
+	return (d.includeFieldsRe == nil || d.includeFieldsRe.MatchString(s))
+}
+
+func (d *Decoder) shouldExclude(s string) bool {
+	return d.excludeFieldsrRe != nil && d.excludeFieldsrRe.MatchString(s)
 }
 
 func IncludeFields(expression string) func(*Decoder) error {
@@ -91,6 +93,13 @@ func WithDateDisabled(disabled bool) func(*Decoder) error {
 	}
 }
 
+func WithWarnLogger(warnl logg.LevelLogger) func(*Decoder) error {
+	return func(d *Decoder) error {
+		d.warnl = warnl
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 func compileRegexp(expression string) (*regexp.Regexp, error) {
 	expression = strings.TrimSpace(expression)
 	if expression == "" {
@@ -115,148 +124,222 @@ func NewDecoder(options ...func(*Decoder) error) (*Decoder, error) {
 	return d, nil
 }
 
-func (d *Decoder) Decode(r io.Reader) (ex *ExifInfo, err error) {
+var (
+	isTimeTag = func(s string) bool {
+		return strings.Contains(s, "Time")
+	}
+	isGPSTag = func(s string) bool {
+		return strings.HasPrefix(s, "GPS")
+	}
+)
+
+// Filename is only used for logging.
+func (d *Decoder) Decode(filename string, format imagemeta.ImageFormat, r io.Reader) (ex *ExifInfo, err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
 			err = fmt.Errorf("exif failed: %v", r)
 		}
 	}()
 
-	var x *_exif.Exif
-	x, err = _exif.Decode(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err.Error() == "EOF" {
-			// Found no Exif
-			return nil, nil
+	var tagInfos imagemeta.Tags
+	handleTag := func(ti imagemeta.TagInfo) error {
+		tagInfos.Add(ti)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	shouldInclude := func(ti imagemeta.TagInfo) bool {
+		if ti.Source == imagemeta.EXIF {
+			if !d.noDate {
+				// We need the time tags to calculate the date.
+				if isTimeTag(ti.Tag) {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+			if !d.noLatLong {
+				// We need to GPS tags to calculate the lat/long.
+				if isGPSTag(ti.Tag) {
+					return true
+				}
+			}
+
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(ti.Namespace, "IFD0") {
+				// Drop thumbnail tags.
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+
+		if d.shouldExclude(ti.Tag) {
+			return false
 		}
-		return
+
+		return d.shouldInclude(ti.Tag)
 	}
 
+	var warnf func(string, ...any)
+	if d.warnl != nil {
+		// There should be very little warnings (fingers crossed!),
+		// but this will typically be unrecognized formats.
+		// To be able to possibly get rid of these warnings,
+		// we need to know what images are causing them.
+		warnf = func(format string, args ...any) {
+			format = fmt.Sprintf("%q: %s: ", filename, format)
+			d.warnl.Logf(format, args...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = imagemeta.Decode(
+		imagemeta.Options{
+			R:               r.(io.ReadSeeker),
+			ImageFormat:     format,
+			ShouldHandleTag: shouldInclude,
+			HandleTag:       handleTag,
+			Sources:         imagemeta.EXIF, // For now. TODO(bep)
+			Warnf:           warnf,
+		},
+	)
+
 	var tm time.Time
 	var lat, long float64
 
 	if !d.noDate {
-		tm, _ = x.DateTime()
+		tm, _ = tagInfos.GetDateTime()
 	}
 
 	if !d.noLatLong {
-		lat, long, _ = x.LatLong()
-		if math.IsNaN(lat) {
-			lat = 0
-		}
-		if math.IsNaN(long) {
-			long = 0
-		}
+		lat, long, _ = tagInfos.GetLatLong()
 	}
 
-	walker := &exifWalker{x: x, vals: make(map[string]any), includeMatcher: d.includeFieldsRe, excludeMatcher: d.excludeFieldsrRe}
-	if err = x.Walk(walker); err != nil {
-		return
+	tags := make(map[string]any)
+	for k, v := range tagInfos.All() {
+		if d.shouldExclude(k) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !d.shouldInclude(k) {
+			continue
+		}
+		tags[k] = v.Value
 	}
 
-	ex = &ExifInfo{Lat: lat, Long: long, Date: tm, Tags: walker.vals}
+	ex = &ExifInfo{Lat: lat, Long: long, Date: tm, Tags: tags}
 
 	return
 }
 
-func decodeTag(x *_exif.Exif, f _exif.FieldName, t *tiff.Tag) (any, error) {
-	switch t.Format() {
-	case tiff.StringVal, tiff.UndefVal:
-		s := nullString(t.Val)
-		if strings.Contains(string(f), "DateTime") {
-			if d, err := tryParseDate(x, s); err == nil {
-				return d, nil
-			}
+var tcodec *tmc.Codec
+
+func init() {
+	newIntadapter := func(target any) tmc.Adapter {
+		var bitSize int
+		var isSigned bool
+
+		switch target.(type) {
+		case int:
+			bitSize = 0
+			isSigned = true
+		case int8:
+			bitSize = 8
+			isSigned = true
+		case int16:
+			bitSize = 16
+			isSigned = true
+		case int32:
+			bitSize = 32
+			isSigned = true
+		case int64:
+			bitSize = 64
+			isSigned = true
+		case uint:
+			bitSize = 0
+		case uint8:
+			bitSize = 8
+		case uint16:
+			bitSize = 16
+		case uint32:
+			bitSize = 32
+		case uint64:
+			bitSize = 64
 		}
-		return s, nil
-	case tiff.OtherVal:
-		return "unknown", nil
-	}
 
-	var rv []any
-
-	for i := 0; i < int(t.Count); i++ {
-		switch t.Format() {
-		case tiff.RatVal:
-			n, d, _ := t.Rat2(i)
-			rat := big.NewRat(n, d)
-			// if t is int or t > 1, use float64
-			if rat.IsInt() || rat.Cmp(big.NewRat(1, 1)) == 1 {
-				f, _ := rat.Float64()
-				rv = append(rv, f)
+		intFromString := func(s string) (any, error) {
+			if bitSize == 0 {
+				return strconv.Atoi(s)
+			}
+
+			var v any
+			var err error
+
+			if isSigned {
+				v, err = strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, bitSize)
 			} else {
-				rv = append(rv, rat)
+				v, err = strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, bitSize)
 			}
 
-		case tiff.FloatVal:
-			v, _ := t.Float(i)
-			rv = append(rv, v)
-		case tiff.IntVal:
-			v, _ := t.Int(i)
-			rv = append(rv, v)
-		}
-	}
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
 
-	if t.Count == 1 {
-		if len(rv) == 1 {
-			return rv[0], nil
-		}
-	}
+			if isSigned {
+				i := v.(int64)
+				switch target.(type) {
+				case int:
+					return int(i), nil
+				case int8:
+					return int8(i), nil
+				case int16:
+					return int16(i), nil
+				case int32:
+					return int32(i), nil
+				case int64:
+					return i, nil
+				}
+			}
 
-	return rv, nil
-}
+			i := v.(uint64)
+			switch target.(type) {
+			case uint:
+				return uint(i), nil
+			case uint8:
+				return uint8(i), nil
+			case uint16:
+				return uint16(i), nil
+			case uint32:
+				return uint32(i), nil
+			case uint64:
+				return i, nil
 
-// Code borrowed from exif.DateTime and adjusted.
-func tryParseDate(x *_exif.Exif, s string) (time.Time, error) {
-	dateStr := strings.TrimRight(s, "\x00")
-	// TODO(bep): look for timezone offset, GPS time, etc.
-	timeZone := time.Local
-	if tz, _ := x.TimeZone(); tz != nil {
-		timeZone = tz
-	}
-	return time.ParseInLocation(exifTimeLayout, dateStr, timeZone)
-}
+			}
 
-type exifWalker struct {
-	x              *_exif.Exif
-	vals           map[string]any
-	includeMatcher *regexp.Regexp
-	excludeMatcher *regexp.Regexp
-}
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported target type %T", target)
+		}
 
-func (e *exifWalker) Walk(f _exif.FieldName, tag *tiff.Tag) error {
-	name := string(f)
-	if e.excludeMatcher != nil && e.excludeMatcher.MatchString(name) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if e.includeMatcher != nil && !e.includeMatcher.MatchString(name) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	val, err := decodeTag(e.x, f, tag)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		intToString := func(v any) (string, error) {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%d", v), nil
+		}
+
+		return tmc.NewAdapter(target, intFromString, intToString)
 	}
-	e.vals[name] = val
-	return nil
-}
 
-func nullString(in []byte) string {
-	var rv bytes.Buffer
-	for len(in) > 0 {
-		r, size := utf8.DecodeRune(in)
-		if unicode.IsGraphic(r) {
-			rv.WriteRune(r)
-		}
-		in = in[size:]
+	ru, _ := imagemeta.NewRat[uint32](1, 2)
+	ri, _ := imagemeta.NewRat[int32](1, 2)
+	tmcAdapters := []tmc.Adapter{
+		tmc.NewAdapter(ru, nil, nil),
+		tmc.NewAdapter(ri, nil, nil),
+		newIntadapter(int(1)),
+		newIntadapter(int8(1)),
+		newIntadapter(int16(1)),
+		newIntadapter(int32(1)),
+		newIntadapter(int64(1)),
+		newIntadapter(uint(1)),
+		newIntadapter(uint8(1)),
+		newIntadapter(uint16(1)),
+		newIntadapter(uint32(1)),
+		newIntadapter(uint64(1)),
 	}
-	return rv.String()
-}
 
-var tcodec *tmc.Codec
+	tmcAdapters = append(tmc.DefaultTypeAdapters, tmcAdapters...)
 
-func init() {
 	var err error
-	tcodec, err = tmc.New()
+	tcodec, err = tmc.New(tmc.WithTypeAdapters(tmcAdapters))
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
diff --git a/resources/images/exif/exif_test.go b/resources/images/exif/exif_test.go
index 64c5a39e3..278bc761a 100644
--- a/resources/images/exif/exif_test.go
+++ b/resources/images/exif/exif_test.go
@@ -15,13 +15,12 @@ package exif
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/htesting/hqt"
+	"github.com/bep/imagemeta"
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 
 	qt "github.com/frankban/quicktest"
@@ -35,11 +34,12 @@ func TestExif(t *testing.T) {
 
 	d, err := NewDecoder(IncludeFields("Lens|Date"))
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	x, err := d.Decode(f)
+	x, err := d.Decode("", imagemeta.JPEG, f)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(x.Date.Format("2006-01-02"), qt.Equals, "2017-10-27")
 
 	// Malaga: https://goo.gl/taazZy
+
 	c.Assert(x.Lat, qt.Equals, float64(36.59744166666667))
 	c.Assert(x.Long, qt.Equals, float64(-4.50846))
 
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ func TestExif(t *testing.T) {
 	c.Assert(ok, qt.Equals, true)
 	c.Assert(lensModel, qt.Equals, "smc PENTAX-DA* 16-50mm F2.8 ED AL [IF] SDM")
 
-	v, found = x.Tags["DateTime"]
+	v, found = x.Tags["ModifyDate"]
 	c.Assert(found, qt.Equals, true)
-	c.Assert(v, hqt.IsSameType, time.Time{})
+	c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, "2017:11:23 09:56:54")
 
 	// Verify that it survives a round-trip to JSON and back.
 	data, err := json.Marshal(x)
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ func TestExifPNG(t *testing.T) {
 
 	d, err := NewDecoder()
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	_, err = d.Decode(f)
-	c.Assert(err, qt.Not(qt.IsNil))
+	_, err = d.Decode("", imagemeta.PNG, f)
+	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 }
 
 func TestIssue8079(t *testing.T) {
@@ -85,28 +85,11 @@ func TestIssue8079(t *testing.T) {
 
 	d, err := NewDecoder()
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-	x, err := d.Decode(f)
+	x, err := d.Decode("", imagemeta.JPEG, f)
 	c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 	c.Assert(x.Tags["ImageDescription"], qt.Equals, "Città del Vaticano #nanoblock #vatican #vaticancity")
 }
 
-func TestNullString(t *testing.T) {
-	c := qt.New(t)
-
-	for _, test := range []struct {
-		in     string
-		expect string
-	}{
-		{"foo", "foo"},
-		{"\x20", "\x20"},
-		{"\xc4\x81", "\xc4\x81"}, // \u0101
-		{"\u0160", "\u0160"},     // non-breaking space
-	} {
-		res := nullString([]byte(test.in))
-		c.Assert(res, qt.Equals, test.expect)
-	}
-}
-
 func BenchmarkDecodeExif(b *testing.B) {
 	c := qt.New(b)
 	f, err := os.Open(filepath.FromSlash("../../testdata/sunset.jpg"))
@@ -118,7 +101,7 @@ func BenchmarkDecodeExif(b *testing.B) {
 
 	b.ResetTimer()
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		_, err = d.Decode(f)
+		_, err = d.Decode("", imagemeta.JPEG, f)
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 		f.Seek(0, 0)
 	}
@@ -126,8 +109,13 @@ func BenchmarkDecodeExif(b *testing.B) {
 
 var eq = qt.CmpEquals(
 	cmp.Comparer(
-		func(v1, v2 *big.Rat) bool {
-			return v1.RatString() == v2.RatString()
+		func(v1, v2 imagemeta.Rat[uint32]) bool {
+			return v1.String() == v2.String()
+		},
+	),
+	cmp.Comparer(
+		func(v1, v2 imagemeta.Rat[int32]) bool {
+			return v1.String() == v2.String()
 		},
 	),
 	cmp.Comparer(func(v1, v2 time.Time) bool {
@@ -138,14 +126,15 @@ var eq = qt.CmpEquals(
 func TestIssue10738(t *testing.T) {
 	c := qt.New(t)
 
-	testFunc := func(path, include string) any {
+	testFunc := func(c *qt.C, path, include string) any {
+		c.Helper()
 		f, err := os.Open(filepath.FromSlash(path))
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 		defer f.Close()
 
 		d, err := NewDecoder(IncludeFields(include))
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
-		x, err := d.Decode(f)
+		x, err := d.Decode("", imagemeta.JPEG, f)
 		c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
 
 		// Verify that it survives a round-trip to JSON and back.
@@ -194,7 +183,7 @@ func TestIssue10738(t *testing.T) {
 				include: "Lens|Date|ExposureTime",
 			}, want{
 				10,
-				0,
+				1,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -221,7 +210,7 @@ func TestIssue10738(t *testing.T) {
 				include: "Lens|Date|ExposureTime",
 			}, want{
 				1,
-				0,
+				1,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -266,7 +255,7 @@ func TestIssue10738(t *testing.T) {
 				include: "Lens|Date|ExposureTime",
 			}, want{
 				30,
-				0,
+				1,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -293,19 +282,21 @@ func TestIssue10738(t *testing.T) {
 				include: "Lens|Date|ExposureTime",
 			}, want{
 				4,
-				0,
+				1,
 			},
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		c.Run(tt.name, func(c *qt.C) {
-			got := testFunc(tt.args.path, tt.args.include)
+			got := testFunc(c, tt.args.path, tt.args.include)
 			switch v := got.(type) {
 			case float64:
 				c.Assert(v, qt.Equals, float64(tt.want.vN))
-			case *big.Rat:
-				c.Assert(v, eq, big.NewRat(tt.want.vN, tt.want.vD))
+			case imagemeta.Rat[uint32]:
+				r, err := imagemeta.NewRat[uint32](uint32(tt.want.vN), uint32(tt.want.vD))
+				c.Assert(err, qt.IsNil)
+				c.Assert(v, eq, r)
 			default:
 				c.Fatalf("unexpected type: %T", got)
 			}
diff --git a/resources/images/image.go b/resources/images/image.go
index 1637d0cf8..4d5285acd 100644
--- a/resources/images/image.go
+++ b/resources/images/image.go
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/bep/gowebp/libwebp/webpoptions"
+	"github.com/bep/imagemeta"
+	"github.com/bep/logg"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/config"
 	"github.com/gohugoio/hugo/resources/images/webp"
 
@@ -174,13 +176,14 @@ func (i *Image) initConfig() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func NewImageProcessor(cfg *config.ConfigNamespace[ImagingConfig, ImagingConfigInternal]) (*ImageProcessor, error) {
+func NewImageProcessor(warnl logg.LevelLogger, cfg *config.ConfigNamespace[ImagingConfig, ImagingConfigInternal]) (*ImageProcessor, error) {
 	e := cfg.Config.Imaging.Exif
 	exifDecoder, err := exif.NewDecoder(
 		exif.WithDateDisabled(e.DisableDate),
 		exif.WithLatLongDisabled(e.DisableLatLong),
 		exif.ExcludeFields(e.ExcludeFields),
 		exif.IncludeFields(e.IncludeFields),
+		exif.WithWarnLogger(warnl),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -197,8 +200,9 @@ type ImageProcessor struct {
 	exifDecoder *exif.Decoder
 }
 
-func (p *ImageProcessor) DecodeExif(r io.Reader) (*exif.ExifInfo, error) {
-	return p.exifDecoder.Decode(r)
+// Filename is only used for logging.
+func (p *ImageProcessor) DecodeExif(filename string, format imagemeta.ImageFormat, r io.Reader) (*exif.ExifInfo, error) {
+	return p.exifDecoder.Decode(filename, format, r)
 }
 
 func (p *ImageProcessor) FiltersFromConfig(src image.Image, conf ImageConfig) ([]gift.Filter, error) {
@@ -353,6 +357,21 @@ const (
 	WEBP
 )
 
+func (f Format) ToImageMetaImageFormatFormat() imagemeta.ImageFormat {
+	switch f {
+	case JPEG:
+		return imagemeta.JPEG
+	case PNG:
+		return imagemeta.PNG
+	case TIFF:
+		return imagemeta.TIFF
+	case WEBP:
+		return imagemeta.WebP
+	default:
+		return -1
+	}
+}
+
 // RequiresDefaultQuality returns if the default quality needs to be applied to
 // images of this format.
 func (f Format) RequiresDefaultQuality() bool {
diff --git a/resources/resource_spec.go b/resources/resource_spec.go
index ef76daa1a..d50edeb73 100644
--- a/resources/resource_spec.go
+++ b/resources/resource_spec.go
@@ -60,7 +60,9 @@ func NewSpec(
 	conf := s.Cfg.GetConfig().(*allconfig.Config)
 	imgConfig := conf.Imaging
 
-	imaging, err := images.NewImageProcessor(imgConfig)
+	imagesWarnl := logger.WarnCommand("images")
+
+	imaging, err := images.NewImageProcessor(imagesWarnl, imgConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/resources/resource_transformers/cssjs/tailwindcss.go b/resources/resource_transformers/cssjs/tailwindcss.go
index f3195c596..beda7a646 100644
--- a/resources/resource_transformers/cssjs/tailwindcss.go
+++ b/resources/resource_transformers/cssjs/tailwindcss.go
@@ -99,11 +99,6 @@ func (t *tailwindcssTransformation) Transform(ctx *resources.ResourceTransformat
 
 	cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, options.toArgs()...)
 
-	// TODO1
-	//   npm i tailwindcss @tailwindcss/cli
-	// npm i tailwindcss@next @tailwindcss/cli@next
-	// npx tailwindcss -h
-
 	var errBuf bytes.Buffer
 
 	stderr := io.MultiWriter(infow, &errBuf)
@@ -134,7 +129,6 @@ func (t *tailwindcssTransformation) Transform(ctx *resources.ResourceTransformat
 		t.rs.Assets.Fs, t.rs.Logger, ctx.DependencyManager,
 	)
 
-	// TODO1 option {
 	src, err = imp.resolve()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
diff --git a/resources/testdata/sunrise.webp b/resources/testdata/sunrise.webp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25ea7b046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/testdata/sunrise.webp