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authoreihrul <eihrul>2004-10-20 17:17:51 +0000
committereihrul <eihrul>2004-10-20 17:17:51 +0000
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+/**
+@page Tutorial Tutorial
+
+@ref Initialization
+
+@ref CreateServer
+
+@ref CreateClient
+
+@ref ManageHost
+
+@ref SendingPacket
+
+@ref Disconnecting
+
+@ref Connecting
+
+@section Initialization Initialization
+
+Before using ENet, you must call enet_initialize() to initialize the
+library. Upon program exit, you should call enet_deinitialize() so
+that the library may clean up any used resources.
+
+@code
+int
+main (int argc, char ** argv)
+{
+ if (enet_initialize () != 0)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "An error occurred while initializing ENet.\n");
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
+ atexit (enet_deinitialize);
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+}
+@endcode
+
+@section CreateServer Creating an ENet server
+
+Servers in ENet are constructed with enet_host_create(). You must
+specify an address on which to receive data and new connections, as
+well as the maximum allowable numbers of connected peers. You may
+optionally specify the incoming and outgoing bandwidth of the server
+in bytes per second so that ENet may try to statically manage
+bandwidth resources among connected peers in addition to its dynamic
+throttling algorithm; specifying 0 for these two options will cause
+ENet to rely entirely upon its dynamic throttling algorithm to manage
+bandwidth.
+
+When done with a host, the host may be destroyed with
+enet_host_destroy(). All connected peers to the host will be reset,
+and the resources used by the host will be freed.
+
+@code
+ ENetAddress address;
+ ENetHost * server;
+
+ /* Bind the server to the default localhost. */
+ /* A specific host address can be specified by */
+ /* enet_address_set_host (& address, "x.x.x.x"); */
+
+ address.host = ENET_HOST_ANY;
+ /* Bind the server to port 1234. */
+ address.port = 1234;
+
+ server = enet_host_create (& address /* the address to bind the server host to */,
+ 32 /* allow up to 32 clients and/or outgoing connections */,
+ 0 /* assume any amount of incoming bandwidth */,
+ 0 /* assume any amount of outgoing bandwidth */);
+ if (server == NULL)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr,
+ "An error occurred while trying to create an ENet server host.\n");
+ exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+ enet_host_destroy(server);
+@endcode
+
+@section CreateClient Creating an ENet client
+
+Clients in ENet are similarly constructed with enet_host_create() when
+no address is specified to bind the host to. Bandwidth may be
+specified for the client host as in the above example. The peer count
+controls the maximum number of connections to other server hosts that
+may be simultaneously open.
+
+@code
+ ENetHost * client;
+
+ client = enet_host_create (NULL /* create a client host */,
+ 1 /* only allow 1 outgoing connection */,
+ 57600 / 8 /* 56K modem with 56 Kbps downstream bandwidth */,
+ 14400 / 8 /* 56K modem with 14 Kbps upstream bandwidth */);
+
+ if (client == NULL)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr,
+ "An error occurred while trying to create an ENet client host.\n");
+ exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+ enet_host_destroy(client);
+@endcode
+
+@section ManageHost Managing an ENet host
+
+ENet uses a polled event model to notify the programmer of significant
+events. ENet hosts are polled for events with enet_host_service(),
+where an optional timeout value in milliseconds may be specified to
+control how long ENet will poll; if a timeout of 0 is specified,
+enet_host_service() will return immediately if there are no events to
+dispatch. enet_host_service() will return 1 if an event was dispatched
+within the specified timeout.
+
+Currently there are only four types of significant events in ENet:
+
+An event of type ENET_EVENT_TYPE_NONE is returned if no event occurred
+within the specified time limit. enet_host_service() will return 0
+with this event.
+
+An event of type ENET_EVENT_TYPE_CONNECT is returned when either a new client
+host has connected to the server host or when an attempt to establish a
+connection with a foreign host has succeeded. Only the "peer" field of the
+event structure is valid for this event and contains the newly connected peer.
+
+An event of type ENET_EVENT_TYPE_RECEIVE is returned when a packet is received
+from a connected peer. The "peer" field contains the peer the packet was
+received from, "channelID" is the channel on which the packet was sent, and
+"packet" is the packet that was sent. The packet contained in the "packet"
+field must be destroyed with enet_packet_destroy() when you are done
+inspecting its contents.
+
+An event of type ENET_EVENT_TYPE_DISCONNECT is returned when a connected peer
+has either explicitly disconnected or timed out. Only the "peer" field of the
+event structure is valid for this event and contains the peer that
+disconnected. Only the "data" field of the peer is still valid on a
+disconnect event and must be explicitly reset.
+
+@code
+ ENetEvent event;
+
+ /* Wait up to 1000 milliseconds for an event. */
+ while (enet_host_service (client, & event, 1000) > 0)
+ {
+ switch (event.type)
+ {
+ case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_CONNECT:
+ printf ("A new client connected from %x:%u.\n",
+ event.peer -> address.host,
+ event.peer -> address.port);
+
+ /* Store any relevant client information here. */
+ event.peer -> data = "Client information";
+
+ break;
+
+ case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_RECEIVE:
+ printf ("A packet of length %u containing %s was received from %s on channel %u.\n",
+ event.packet -> dataLength,
+ event.packet -> data,
+ event.peer -> data,
+ event.channelID);
+
+ /* Clean up the packet now that we're done using it. */
+ enet_packet_destroy (event.packet);
+
+ break;
+
+ case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_DISCONNECT:
+ printf ("%s disconected.\n", event.peer -> data);
+
+ /* Reset the peer's client information. */
+
+ event.peer -> data = NULL;
+ }
+ }
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+@endcode
+
+@section SendingPacket Sending a packet to an ENet peer
+
+Packets in ENet are created with enet_packet_create(), where the size
+of the packet must be specified. Optionally, initial data may be
+specified to copy into the packet.
+
+Certain flags may also be supplied to enet_packet_create() to control
+various packet features:
+
+ENET_PACKET_FLAG_RELIABLE specifies that the packet must use reliable
+delivery. A reliable packet is guarenteed to be delivered, and a
+number of retry attempts will be made until an acknowledgement is
+received from the foreign host the packet is sent to. If a certain
+number of retry attempts is reached without any acknowledgement, ENet
+will assume the peer has disconnected and forcefully reset the
+connection. If this flag is not specified, the packet is assumed an
+unreliable packet, and no retry attempts will be made nor
+acknowledgements generated.
+
+A packet may be resized (extended or truncated) with
+enet_packet_resize().
+
+A packet is sent to a foreign host with
+enet_peer_send(). enet_peer_send() accepts a channel id over which to
+send the packet to a given peer. Once the packet is handed over to
+ENet with enet_peer_send(), ENet will handle its deallocation and
+enet_packet_destroy() should not be used upon it.
+
+One may also use enet_host_broadcast() to send a packet to all
+connected peers on a given host over a specified channel id, as with
+enet_peer_send().
+
+Queued packets will be sent on a call to enet_host_service().
+Alternatively, enet_host_flush() will send out queued packets without
+dispatching any events.
+
+@code
+ /* Create a reliable packet of size 7 containing "packet\0" */
+ ENetPacket * packet = enet_packet_create ("packet",
+ strlen ("packet") + 1,
+ ENET_PACKET_FLAG_RELIABLE);
+
+ /* Extend the packet so and append the string "foo", so it now */
+ /* contains "packetfoo\0" */
+ enet_packet_resize (packet, strlen ("packetfoo") + 1);
+ strcpy (& packet -> data [strlen ("packet")], "foo");
+
+ /* Send the packet to the peer over channel id 3. */
+ /* One could also broadcast the packet by */
+ /* enet_host_broadcast (host, 3, packet); */
+ enet_peer_send (peer, 3, packet);
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+ /* One could just use enet_host_service() instead. */
+ enet_host_flush (host);
+@endcode
+
+@section Disconnecting Disconnecting an ENet peer
+
+Peers may be gently disconnected with enet_peer_disconnect(). A
+disconnect request will be sent to the foreign host, and ENet will
+wait for an acknowledgement from the foreign host before finally
+disconnecting. An event of type ENET_EVENT_TYPE_DISCONNECT will be
+generated once the disconnection succeeds. Normally timeouts apply to
+the disconnect acknowledgement, and so if no acknowledgement is
+received after a length of time the peer will be forcefully
+disconnected.
+
+enet_peer_reset() will forcefully disconnect a peer. The foreign host
+will get no notification of a disconnect and will time out on the
+foreign host. No event is generated.
+
+@code
+ ENetEvent event;
+
+ enet_peer_disconnect (& client -> peers [0]);
+
+ /* Allow up to 3 seconds for the disconnect to succeed
+ * and drop any packets received packets.
+ */
+ while (enet_host_service (client, & event, 3000) > 0)
+ {
+ switch (event.type)
+ {
+ case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_RECEIVE:
+ enet_packet_destroy (event.packet);
+ break;
+
+ case ENET_EVENT_TYPE_DISCONNECT:
+ puts ("Disconnection succeeded.");
+ return;
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* We've arrived here, so the disconnect attempt didn't */
+ /* succeed yet. Force the connection down. */
+ enet_peer_reset (& client -> peers [0]);
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+@endcode
+
+@section Connecting Connecting to an ENet host
+
+A connection to a foreign host is initiated with enet_host_connect().
+It accepts the address of a foreign host to connect to, and the number
+of channels that should be allocated for communication. If N channels
+are allocated for use, their channel ids will be numbered 0 through
+N-1. A peer representing the connection attempt is returned, or NULL
+if there were no available peers over which to initiate the
+connection. When the connection attempt succeeds, an event of type
+ENET_EVENT_TYPE_CONNECT will be generated. If the connection attempt
+times out or otherwise fails, an event of type
+ENET_EVENT_TYPE_DISCONNECT will be generated.
+
+@code
+ ENetAddress address;
+ ENetEvent event;
+ ENetPeer *peer;
+
+ /* Connect to some.server.net:1234. */
+ enet_address_set_host (& address, "some.server.net");
+ address.port = 1234;
+
+ /* Initiate the connection, allocating the two channels 0 and 1. */
+ peer = enet_host_connect (client, & address, 2);
+
+ if (peer == NULL)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr,
+ "No available peers for initiating an ENet connection.\n");
+ exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ /* Wait up to 5 seconds for the connection attempt to succeed. */
+ if (enet_host_service (client, & event, 5000) > 0 &&
+ event.type == ENET_EVENT_TYPE_CONNECT)
+ {
+ puts ("Connection to some.server.net:1234 succeeded.");
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Either the 5 seconds are up or a disconnect event was */
+ /* received. Reset the peer in the event the 5 seconds */
+ /* had run out without any significant event. */
+ enet_peer_reset (peer);
+
+ puts ("Connection to some.server.net:1234 failed.");
+ }
+ ...
+ ...
+ ...
+@endcode
+*/