all: add linux/mipsle support

This adds linux/mipsle (little endian Mips) support to TinyGo.

It also adds experimental linux/mips (big-endian) support. It doesn't
quite work yet, some parts of the standard library (like the reflect
package) currently seem to assume a little-endian system.

23 files changed, 371 insertions, 11 deletions

diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml b/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
index 7acd2e5b7..17fe3852a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         id: cache-llvm-build
         with:
-          key: llvm-build-18-${{ matrix.os }}-v2
+          key: llvm-build-18-${{ matrix.os }}-v3
           path: llvm-build
       - name: Build LLVM
         if: steps.cache-llvm-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux.yml b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
index 8bb92e083..218019224 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         id: cache-llvm-build
         with:
-          key: llvm-build-18-linux-alpine-v1
+          key: llvm-build-18-linux-alpine-v2
           path: llvm-build
       - name: Build LLVM
         if: steps.cache-llvm-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         id: cache-llvm-build
         with:
-          key: llvm-build-18-linux-asserts-v1
+          key: llvm-build-18-linux-asserts-v2
           path: llvm-build
       - name: Build LLVM
         if: steps.cache-llvm-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         id: cache-llvm-build
         with:
-          key: llvm-build-18-linux-${{ matrix.goarch }}-v1
+          key: llvm-build-18-linux-${{ matrix.goarch }}-v2
           path: llvm-build
       - name: Build LLVM
         if: steps.cache-llvm-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index 2b26a9b1c..0d144304d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         id: cache-llvm-build
         with:
-          key: llvm-build-18-windows-v1
+          key: llvm-build-18-windows-v2
           path: llvm-build
       - name: Build LLVM
         if: steps.cache-llvm-build.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
diff --git a/GNUmakefile b/GNUmakefile
index f2f5e2f53..f06f28a18 100644
--- a/GNUmakefile
+++ b/GNUmakefile
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ llvm-source: $(LLVM_PROJECTDIR)/llvm
 # Configure LLVM.
 TINYGO_SOURCE_DIR=$(shell pwd)
 $(LLVM_BUILDDIR)/build.ninja:
-	mkdir -p $(LLVM_BUILDDIR) && cd $(LLVM_BUILDDIR) && cmake -G Ninja $(TINYGO_SOURCE_DIR)/$(LLVM_PROJECTDIR)/llvm "-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=X86;ARM;AArch64;RISCV;WebAssembly" "-DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=AVR;Xtensa" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLIBCLANG_BUILD_STATIC=ON -DLLVM_ENABLE_TERMINFO=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZLIB=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBEDIT=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_Z3_SOLVER=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_OCAMLDOC=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBXML2=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang;lld" -DLLVM_TOOL_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_BUILD=OFF -DCLANG_ENABLE_STATIC_ANALYZER=OFF -DCLANG_ENABLE_ARCMT=OFF $(LLVM_OPTION)
+	mkdir -p $(LLVM_BUILDDIR) && cd $(LLVM_BUILDDIR) && cmake -G Ninja $(TINYGO_SOURCE_DIR)/$(LLVM_PROJECTDIR)/llvm "-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=X86;ARM;AArch64;AVR;Mips;RISCV;WebAssembly" "-DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=Xtensa" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLIBCLANG_BUILD_STATIC=ON -DLLVM_ENABLE_TERMINFO=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZLIB=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_ZSTD=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBEDIT=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_Z3_SOLVER=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_OCAMLDOC=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBXML2=OFF -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang;lld" -DLLVM_TOOL_CLANG_TOOLS_EXTRA_BUILD=OFF -DCLANG_ENABLE_STATIC_ANALYZER=OFF -DCLANG_ENABLE_ARCMT=OFF $(LLVM_OPTION)
 
 # Build LLVM.
 $(LLVM_BUILDDIR): $(LLVM_BUILDDIR)/build.ninja
@@ -835,6 +835,7 @@ endif
 	$(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.hex -target=pca10040 -opt=0     ./testdata/stdlib.go
 	@$(MD5SUM) test.hex
 	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm $(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.elf       ./testdata/cgo
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=mips    $(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.elf   ./testdata/cgo
 	GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 $(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.exe   ./testdata/cgo
 	GOOS=windows GOARCH=arm64 $(TINYGO) build -size short -o test.exe   ./testdata/cgo
 	GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 $(TINYGO) build  -size short -o test       ./testdata/cgo
@@ -882,6 +883,7 @@ endif
 	@cp -rp lib/musl/arch/arm            build/release/tinygo/lib/musl/arch
 	@cp -rp lib/musl/arch/generic        build/release/tinygo/lib/musl/arch
 	@cp -rp lib/musl/arch/i386           build/release/tinygo/lib/musl/arch
+	@cp -rp lib/musl/arch/mips           build/release/tinygo/lib/musl/arch
 	@cp -rp lib/musl/arch/x86_64         build/release/tinygo/lib/musl/arch
 	@cp -rp lib/musl/crt/crt1.c          build/release/tinygo/lib/musl/crt
 	@cp -rp lib/musl/COPYRIGHT           build/release/tinygo/lib/musl
diff --git a/builder/builder_test.go b/builder/builder_test.go
index c7b863873..3fc166c5c 100644
--- a/builder/builder_test.go
+++ b/builder/builder_test.go
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ func TestClangAttributes(t *testing.T) {
 		{GOOS: "linux", GOARCH: "arm", GOARM: "6"},
 		{GOOS: "linux", GOARCH: "arm", GOARM: "7"},
 		{GOOS: "linux", GOARCH: "arm64"},
+		{GOOS: "linux", GOARCH: "mips"},
+		{GOOS: "linux", GOARCH: "mipsle"},
 		{GOOS: "darwin", GOARCH: "amd64"},
 		{GOOS: "darwin", GOARCH: "arm64"},
 		{GOOS: "windows", GOARCH: "amd64"},
diff --git a/builder/library.go b/builder/library.go
index e0ac31a74..83fa3db94 100644
--- a/builder/library.go
+++ b/builder/library.go
@@ -182,6 +182,9 @@ func (l *Library) load(config *compileopts.Config, tmpdir string) (job *compileJ
 	if strings.HasPrefix(target, "riscv64-") {
 		args = append(args, "-march=rv64gc")
 	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(target, "mips") {
+		args = append(args, "-fno-pic")
+	}
 
 	var once sync.Once
 
diff --git a/compileopts/config.go b/compileopts/config.go
index ab6de4e44..893fbf001 100644
--- a/compileopts/config.go
+++ b/compileopts/config.go
@@ -212,7 +212,10 @@ func (c *Config) RP2040BootPatch() bool {
 func MuslArchitecture(triple string) string {
 	arch := strings.Split(triple, "-")[0]
 	if strings.HasPrefix(arch, "arm") || strings.HasPrefix(arch, "thumb") {
-		arch = "arm"
+		return "arm"
+	}
+	if arch == "mipsel" {
+		return "mips"
 	}
 	return arch
 }
diff --git a/compileopts/target.go b/compileopts/target.go
index 646029e44..fdb29e210 100644
--- a/compileopts/target.go
+++ b/compileopts/target.go
@@ -193,6 +193,10 @@ func LoadTarget(options *Options) (*TargetSpec, error) {
 			default:
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid GOARM=%s, must be 5, 6, or 7", options.GOARM)
 			}
+		case "mips":
+			llvmarch = "mips"
+		case "mipsle":
+			llvmarch = "mipsel"
 		case "wasm":
 			llvmarch = "wasm32"
 		default:
@@ -327,6 +331,10 @@ func defaultTarget(goos, goarch, triple string) (*TargetSpec, error) {
 		} else { // linux
 			spec.Features = "+fp-armv8,+neon,-fmv,-outline-atomics"
 		}
+	case "mips", "mipsle":
+		spec.CPU = "mips32r2"
+		spec.Features = "+fpxx,+mips32r2,+nooddspreg,-noabicalls"
+		spec.CFlags = append(spec.CFlags, "-fno-pic")
 	case "wasm":
 		spec.CPU = "generic"
 		spec.Features = "+bulk-memory,+mutable-globals,+nontrapping-fptoint,+sign-ext"
@@ -419,8 +427,12 @@ func defaultTarget(goos, goarch, triple string) (*TargetSpec, error) {
 			// operating systems so we need separate assembly files.
 			suffix = "_windows"
 		}
-		spec.ExtraFiles = append(spec.ExtraFiles, "src/runtime/asm_"+goarch+suffix+".S")
-		spec.ExtraFiles = append(spec.ExtraFiles, "src/internal/task/task_stack_"+goarch+suffix+".S")
+		asmGoarch := goarch
+		if goarch == "mips" || goarch == "mipsle" {
+			asmGoarch = "mipsx"
+		}
+		spec.ExtraFiles = append(spec.ExtraFiles, "src/runtime/asm_"+asmGoarch+suffix+".S")
+		spec.ExtraFiles = append(spec.ExtraFiles, "src/internal/task/task_stack_"+asmGoarch+suffix+".S")
 	}
 	if goarch != runtime.GOARCH {
 		// Some educated guesses as to how to invoke helper programs.
@@ -438,6 +450,10 @@ func defaultTarget(goos, goarch, triple string) (*TargetSpec, error) {
 				spec.Emulator = "qemu-arm {}"
 			case "arm64":
 				spec.Emulator = "qemu-aarch64 {}"
+			case "mips":
+				spec.Emulator = "qemu-mips {}"
+			case "mipsle":
+				spec.Emulator = "qemu-mipsel {}"
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/compiler/defer.go b/compiler/defer.go
index e1ff2f58e..df8686957 100644
--- a/compiler/defer.go
+++ b/compiler/defer.go
@@ -187,6 +187,18 @@ std z+5, r29
 ldi r24, 0
 1:`
 		constraints = "={r24},z,~{r0},~{r2},~{r3},~{r4},~{r5},~{r6},~{r7},~{r8},~{r9},~{r10},~{r11},~{r12},~{r13},~{r14},~{r15},~{r16},~{r17},~{r18},~{r19},~{r20},~{r21},~{r22},~{r23},~{r25},~{r26},~{r27}"
+	case "mips":
+		// $4 flag (zero or non-zero)
+		// $5 defer frame
+		asmString = `
+.set noat
+move $$4, $$zero
+jal 1f
+1:
+addiu $$ra, 8
+sw $$ra, 4($$5)
+.set at`
+		constraints = "={$4},{$5},~{$1},~{$2},~{$3},~{$5},~{$6},~{$7},~{$8},~{$9},~{$10},~{$11},~{$12},~{$13},~{$14},~{$15},~{$16},~{$17},~{$18},~{$19},~{$20},~{$21},~{$22},~{$23},~{$24},~{$25},~{$26},~{$27},~{$28},~{$29},~{$30},~{$31},~{$f0},~{$f1},~{$f2},~{$f3},~{$f4},~{$f5},~{$f6},~{$f7},~{$f8},~{$f9},~{$f10},~{$f11},~{$f12},~{$f13},~{$f14},~{$f15},~{$f16},~{$f17},~{$f18},~{$f19},~{$f20},~{$f21},~{$f22},~{$f23},~{$f24},~{$f25},~{$f26},~{$f27},~{$f28},~{$f29},~{$f30},~{$f31},~{memory}"
 	case "riscv32":
 		asmString = `
 la a2, 1f
diff --git a/compiler/llvm.go b/compiler/llvm.go
index 5d4eaaa64..9e3a95d4f 100644
--- a/compiler/llvm.go
+++ b/compiler/llvm.go
@@ -429,6 +429,9 @@ func (c *compilerContext) archFamily() string {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(arch, "arm") || strings.HasPrefix(arch, "thumb") {
 		return "arm"
 	}
+	if arch == "mipsel" {
+		return "mips"
+	}
 	return arch
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/syscall.go b/compiler/syscall.go
index bf3955df2..d9d21c3cf 100644
--- a/compiler/syscall.go
+++ b/compiler/syscall.go
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ import (
 
 // createRawSyscall creates a system call with the provided system call number
 // and returns the result as a single integer (the system call result). The
-// result is not further interpreted.
+// result is not further interpreted (with the exception of MIPS to use the same
+// return value everywhere).
 func (b *builder) createRawSyscall(call *ssa.CallCommon) (llvm.Value, error) {
 	num := b.getValue(call.Args[0], getPos(call))
 	switch {
@@ -137,6 +138,97 @@ func (b *builder) createRawSyscall(call *ssa.CallCommon) (llvm.Value, error) {
 		target := llvm.InlineAsm(fnType, "svc #0", constraints, true, false, 0, false)
 		return b.CreateCall(fnType, target, args, ""), nil
 
+	case (b.GOARCH == "mips" || b.GOARCH == "mipsle") && b.GOOS == "linux":
+		// Implement the system call convention for Linux.
+		// Source: syscall(2) man page and musl:
+		// https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/arch/mips/syscall_arch.h
+		// Also useful:
+		// https://web.archive.org/web/20220529105937/https://www.linux-mips.org/wiki/Syscall
+		// The syscall number goes in r2, the result also in r2.
+		// Register r7 is both an input paramter and an output parameter: if it
+		// is non-zero, the system call failed and r2 is the error code.
+		// The code below implements the O32 syscall ABI, not the N32 ABI. It
+		// could implement both at the same time if needed (like what appears to
+		// be done in musl) by forcing arg5-arg7 into the right registers but
+		// letting the compiler decide the registers should result in _slightly_
+		// faster and smaller code.
+		args := []llvm.Value{num}
+		argTypes := []llvm.Type{b.uintptrType}
+		constraints := "={$2},={$7},0"
+		syscallParams := call.Args[1:]
+		if len(syscallParams) > 7 {
+			// There is one syscall that uses 7 parameters: sync_file_range.
+			// But only 7, not more. Go however only has Syscall6 and Syscall9.
+			// Therefore, we can ignore the remaining parameters.
+			syscallParams = syscallParams[:7]
+		}
+		for i, arg := range syscallParams {
+			constraints += "," + [...]string{
+				"{$4}", // arg1
+				"{$5}", // arg2
+				"{$6}", // arg3
+				"1",    // arg4, error return
+				"r",    // arg5 on the stack
+				"r",    // arg6 on the stack
+				"r",    // arg7 on the stack
+			}[i]
+			llvmValue := b.getValue(arg, getPos(call))
+			args = append(args, llvmValue)
+			argTypes = append(argTypes, llvmValue.Type())
+		}
+		// Create assembly code.
+		// Parameters beyond the first 4 are passed on the stack instead of in
+		// registers in the O32 syscall ABI.
+		// We need ".set noat" because LLVM might pick register $1 ($at) as the
+		// register for a parameter and apparently this is not allowed on MIPS
+		// unless you use this specific pragma.
+		asm := "syscall"
+		switch len(syscallParams) {
+		case 5:
+			asm = "" +
+				".set noat\n" +
+				"subu $$sp, $$sp, 32\n" +
+				"sw $7, 16($$sp)\n" + // arg5
+				"syscall\n" +
+				"addu $$sp, $$sp, 32\n" +
+				".set at\n"
+		case 6:
+			asm = "" +
+				".set noat\n" +
+				"subu $$sp, $$sp, 32\n" +
+				"sw $7, 16($$sp)\n" + // arg5
+				"sw $8, 20($$sp)\n" + // arg6
+				"syscall\n" +
+				"addu $$sp, $$sp, 32\n" +
+				".set at\n"
+		case 7:
+			asm = "" +
+				".set noat\n" +
+				"subu $$sp, $$sp, 32\n" +
+				"sw $7, 16($$sp)\n" + // arg5
+				"sw $8, 20($$sp)\n" + // arg6
+				"sw $9, 24($$sp)\n" + // arg7
+				"syscall\n" +
+				"addu $$sp, $$sp, 32\n" +
+				".set at\n"
+		}
+		constraints += ",~{$3},~{$4},~{$5},~{$6},~{$8},~{$9},~{$10},~{$11},~{$12},~{$13},~{$14},~{$15},~{$24},~{$25},~{hi},~{lo},~{memory}"
+		returnType := b.ctx.StructType([]llvm.Type{b.uintptrType, b.uintptrType}, false)
+		fnType := llvm.FunctionType(returnType, argTypes, false)
+		target := llvm.InlineAsm(fnType, asm, constraints, true, true, 0, false)
+		call := b.CreateCall(fnType, target, args, "")
+		resultCode := b.CreateExtractValue(call, 0, "") // r2
+		errorFlag := b.CreateExtractValue(call, 1, "")  // r7
+		// Pseudocode to return the result with the same convention as other
+		// archs:
+		//    return (errorFlag != 0) ? -resultCode : resultCode;
+		// At least on QEMU with the O32 ABI, the error code is always positive.
+		zero := llvm.ConstInt(b.uintptrType, 0, false)
+		isError := b.CreateICmp(llvm.IntNE, errorFlag, zero, "")
+		negativeResult := b.CreateSub(zero, resultCode, "")
+		result := b.CreateSelect(isError, negativeResult, resultCode, "")
+		return result, nil
+
 	default:
 		return llvm.Value{}, b.makeError(call.Pos(), "unknown GOOS/GOARCH for syscall: "+b.GOOS+"/"+b.GOARCH)
 	}
diff --git a/main_test.go b/main_test.go
index c294b3a8a..057e008e8 100644
--- a/main_test.go
+++ b/main_test.go
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ var supportedLinuxArches = map[string]string{
 	"X86Linux":   "linux/386",
 	"ARMLinux":   "linux/arm/6",
 	"ARM64Linux": "linux/arm64",
+	"MIPSLinux":  "linux/mipsle",
 	"WASIp1":     "wasip1/wasm",
 }
 
@@ -211,6 +212,12 @@ func runPlatTests(options compileopts.Options, tests []string, t *testing.T) {
 				continue
 			}
 		}
+		if options.GOOS == "linux" && (options.GOARCH == "mips" || options.GOARCH == "mipsle") {
+			if name == "atomic.go" {
+				// 64-bit atomic operations aren't currently supported on MIPS.
+				continue
+			}
+		}
 		if options.Target == "simavr" {
 			// Not all tests are currently supported on AVR.
 			// Skip the ones that aren't.
diff --git a/src/internal/task/task_stack_mipsx.S b/src/internal/task/task_stack_mipsx.S
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..903a847c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internal/task/task_stack_mipsx.S
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.section .text.tinygo_startTask
+.global  tinygo_startTask
+.type    tinygo_startTask, %function
+tinygo_startTask:
+    // Small assembly stub for starting a goroutine. This is already run on the
+    // new stack, with the callee-saved registers already loaded.
+    // Most importantly, s0 contains the pc of the to-be-started function and s1
+    // contains the only argument it is given. Multiple arguments are packed
+    // into one by storing them in a new allocation.
+
+    // Set the first argument of the goroutine start wrapper, which contains all
+    // the arguments.
+    move  $a0, $s1
+
+    // Branch to the "goroutine start" function. Use jalr to write the return
+    // address to ra so we'll return here after the goroutine exits.
+    jalr  $s0
+    nop
+
+    // After return, exit this goroutine. This is a tail call.
+    j     tinygo_pause
+    nop
+
+.section .text.tinygo_swapTask
+.global  tinygo_swapTask
+.type    tinygo_swapTask, %function
+tinygo_swapTask:
+    // This function gets the following parameters:
+    //   a0 = newStack uintptr
+    //   a1 = oldStack *uintptr
+
+    // Push all callee-saved registers.
+    addiu $sp, $sp, -40
+    sw $ra, 36($sp)
+    sw $s8, 32($sp)
+    sw $s7, 28($sp)
+    sw $s6, 24($sp)
+    sw $s5, 20($sp)
+    sw $s4, 16($sp)
+    sw $s3, 12($sp)
+    sw $s2,  8($sp)
+    sw $s1,  4($sp)
+    sw $s0,   ($sp)
+
+    // Save the current stack pointer in oldStack.
+    sw $sp, 0($a1)
+
+    // Switch to the new stack pointer.
+    move $sp, $a0
+
+    // Pop all saved registers from this new stack.
+    lw $ra,  36($sp)
+    lw $s8,  32($sp)
+    lw $s7,  28($sp)
+    lw $s6,  24($sp)
+    lw $s5,  20($sp)
+    lw $s4,  16($sp)
+    lw $s3,  12($sp)
+    lw $s2,   8($sp)
+    lw $s1,   4($sp)
+    lw $s0,    ($sp)
+    addiu $sp, $sp, 40
+
+    // Return into the task.
+    jalr $ra
+    nop
diff --git a/src/internal/task/task_stack_mipsx.go b/src/internal/task/task_stack_mipsx.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a7fb5cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internal/task/task_stack_mipsx.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build scheduler.tasks && (mips || mipsle)
+
+package task
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+var systemStack uintptr
+
+// calleeSavedRegs is the list of registers that must be saved and restored when
+// switching between tasks. Also see task_stack_mips.S that relies on the exact
+// layout of this struct.
+type calleeSavedRegs struct {
+	s0 uintptr
+	s1 uintptr
+	s2 uintptr
+	s3 uintptr
+	s4 uintptr
+	s5 uintptr
+	s6 uintptr
+	s7 uintptr
+	s8 uintptr
+	ra uintptr
+}
+
+// archInit runs architecture-specific setup for the goroutine startup.
+func (s *state) archInit(r *calleeSavedRegs, fn uintptr, args unsafe.Pointer) {
+	// Store the initial sp for the startTask function (implemented in assembly).
+	s.sp = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(r))
+
+	// Initialize the registers.
+	// These will be popped off of the stack on the first resume of the goroutine.
+
+	// Start the function at tinygo_startTask (defined in src/internal/task/task_stack_mipsle.S).
+	// This assembly code calls a function (passed in s0) with a single argument
+	// (passed in s1). After the function returns, it calls Pause().
+	r.ra = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&startTask))
+
+	// Pass the function to call in s0.
+	// This function is a compiler-generated wrapper which loads arguments out of a struct pointer.
+	// See createGoroutineStartWrapper (defined in compiler/goroutine.go) for more information.
+	r.s0 = fn
+
+	// Pass the pointer to the arguments struct in s1.
+	r.s1 = uintptr(args)
+}
+
+func (s *state) resume() {
+	swapTask(s.sp, &systemStack)
+}
+
+func (s *state) pause() {
+	newStack := systemStack
+	systemStack = 0
+	swapTask(newStack, &s.sp)
+}
+
+// SystemStack returns the system stack pointer when called from a task stack.
+// When called from the system stack, it returns 0.
+func SystemStack() uintptr {
+	return systemStack
+}
diff --git a/src/runtime/arch_386.go b/src/runtime/arch_386.go
index c4dbdf166..4e9cce72b 100644
--- a/src/runtime/arch_386.go
+++ b/src/runtime/arch_386.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const deferExtraRegs = 0
 
 const callInstSize = 5 // "call someFunction" is 5 bytes
 
+const linux_MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x20
+
 // Align on word boundary.
 func align(ptr uintptr) uintptr {
 	return (ptr + 15) &^ 15
diff --git a/src/runtime/arch_amd64.go b/src/runtime/arch_amd64.go
index 996476013..3bb03e3c7 100644
--- a/src/runtime/arch_amd64.go
+++ b/src/runtime/arch_amd64.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const deferExtraRegs = 0
 
 const callInstSize = 5 // "call someFunction" is 5 bytes
 
+const linux_MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x20
+
 // Align a pointer.
 // Note that some amd64 instructions (like movaps) expect 16-byte aligned
 // memory, thus the result must be 16-byte aligned.
diff --git a/src/runtime/arch_arm.go b/src/runtime/arch_arm.go
index 33a7513b0..e28e85410 100644
--- a/src/runtime/arch_arm.go
+++ b/src/runtime/arch_arm.go
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ const deferExtraRegs = 0
 
 const callInstSize = 4 // "bl someFunction" is 4 bytes
 
+const linux_MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x20
+
 // Align on the maximum alignment for this platform (double).
 func align(ptr uintptr) uintptr {
 	return (ptr + 7) &^ 7
diff --git a/src/runtime/arch_arm64.go b/src/runtime/arch_arm64.go
index ac28ab7c3..4e798e36b 100644
--- a/src/runtime/arch_arm64.go
+++ b/src/runtime/arch_arm64.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const deferExtraRegs = 0
 
 const callInstSize = 4 // "bl someFunction" is 4 bytes
 
+const linux_MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x20
+
 // Align on word boundary.
 func align(ptr uintptr) uintptr {
 	return (ptr + 15) &^ 15
diff --git a/src/runtime/arch_mips.go b/src/runtime/arch_mips.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfaf890ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/arch_mips.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package runtime
+
+const GOARCH = "mips"
+
+// The bitness of the CPU (e.g. 8, 32, 64).
+const TargetBits = 32
+
+const deferExtraRegs = 0
+
+const callInstSize = 8 // "jal someFunc" is 4 bytes, plus a MIPS delay slot
+
+const linux_MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x800
+
+// It appears that MIPS has a maximum alignment of 8 bytes.
+func align(ptr uintptr) uintptr {
+	return (ptr + 7) &^ 7
+}
+
+func getCurrentStackPointer() uintptr {
+	return uintptr(stacksave())
+}
diff --git a/src/runtime/arch_mipsle.go b/src/runtime/arch_mipsle.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6bf7d516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/arch_mipsle.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package runtime
+
+const GOARCH = "mipsle"
+
+// The bitness of the CPU (e.g. 8, 32, 64).
+const TargetBits = 32
+
+const deferExtraRegs = 0
+
+const callInstSize = 8 // "jal someFunc" is 4 bytes, plus a MIPS delay slot
+
+const linux_MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x800
+
+// It appears that MIPS has a maximum alignment of 8 bytes.
+func align(ptr uintptr) uintptr {
+	return (ptr + 7) &^ 7
+}
+
+func getCurrentStackPointer() uintptr {
+	return uintptr(stacksave())
+}
diff --git a/src/runtime/asm_mipsx.S b/src/runtime/asm_mipsx.S
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e38064364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/asm_mipsx.S
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.section .text.tinygo_scanCurrentStack
+.global  tinygo_scanCurrentStack
+.type    tinygo_scanCurrentStack, %function
+tinygo_scanCurrentStack:
+    // Push callee-saved registers onto the stack.
+    addiu $sp, $sp, -40
+    sw $ra, 36($sp)
+    sw $s8, 32($sp)
+    sw $s7, 28($sp)
+    sw $s6, 24($sp)
+    sw $s5, 20($sp)
+    sw $s4, 16($sp)
+    sw $s3, 12($sp)
+    sw $s2,  8($sp)
+    sw $s1,  4($sp)
+    sw $s0,   ($sp)
+
+    // Scan the stack.
+    jal tinygo_scanstack
+    move $a0, $sp // in the branch delay slot
+
+    // Restore return address.
+    lw $ra, 36($sp)
+
+    // Restore stack state.
+    addiu $sp, $sp, 40
+
+    // Return to the caller.
+    jalr $ra
+    nop
+
+.section .text.tinygo_longjmp
+.global tinygo_longjmp
+tinygo_longjmp:
+    // Note: the code we jump to assumes a0 is non-zero, which is already the
+    // case because that's the defer frame pointer.
+    lw $sp, 0($a0) // jumpSP
+    lw $a1, 4($a0) // jumpPC
+    jr $a1
+    nop
diff --git a/src/runtime/os_linux.go b/src/runtime/os_linux.go
index 7218ea653..403f00246 100644
--- a/src/runtime/os_linux.go
+++ b/src/runtime/os_linux.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const (
 	flag_PROT_READ     = 0x1
 	flag_PROT_WRITE    = 0x2
 	flag_MAP_PRIVATE   = 0x2
-	flag_MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x20
+	flag_MAP_ANONYMOUS = linux_MAP_ANONYMOUS // different on alpha, hppa, mips, xtensa
 )
 
 // Source: https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/include/uapi/linux/time.h
diff --git a/src/runtime/runtime_unix.go b/src/runtime/runtime_unix.go
index 50eb11dea..8c5a42ff7 100644
--- a/src/runtime/runtime_unix.go
+++ b/src/runtime/runtime_unix.go
@@ -229,6 +229,9 @@ func preinit() {
 			// heap size.
 			// This can happen on 32-bit systems.
 			heapMaxSize /= 2
+			if heapMaxSize < 4096 {
+				runtimePanic("cannot allocate heap memory")
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 		heapStart = uintptr(addr)