docs: add initial documentation

7 files changed, 1046 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 890c77b2d..b3a998502 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 build
+docs/_build
 src/device/avr/*.go
 src/device/avr/*.ld
 src/device/nrf/*.go
diff --git a/docs/Makefile b/docs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7128bfeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    =
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+PAPER         =
+BUILDDIR      = _build
+
+# Internal variables.
+PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
+PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
+ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
+I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+
+.PHONY: help
+help:
+	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
+	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
+	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
+	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
+	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
+	@echo "  json       to make JSON files"
+	@echo "  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
+	@echo "  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
+	@echo "  applehelp  to make an Apple Help Book"
+	@echo "  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
+	@echo "  epub       to make an epub"
+	@echo "  epub3      to make an epub3"
+	@echo "  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
+	@echo "  latexpdf   to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
+	@echo "  latexpdfja to make LaTeX files and run them through platex/dvipdfmx"
+	@echo "  text       to make text files"
+	@echo "  man        to make manual pages"
+	@echo "  texinfo    to make Texinfo files"
+	@echo "  info       to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
+	@echo "  gettext    to make PO message catalogs"
+	@echo "  changes    to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
+	@echo "  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files"
+	@echo "  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes"
+	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
+	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@echo "  coverage   to run coverage check of the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@echo "  dummy      to check syntax errors of document sources"
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
+
+.PHONY: html
+html:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
+
+.PHONY: dirhtml
+dirhtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
+
+.PHONY: singlehtml
+singlehtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
+
+.PHONY: pickle
+pickle:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
+
+.PHONY: json
+json:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
+
+.PHONY: htmlhelp
+htmlhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
+	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
+
+.PHONY: qthelp
+qthelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
+	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
+	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/TinyGo.qhcp"
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/TinyGo.qhc"
+
+.PHONY: applehelp
+applehelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b applehelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The help book is in $(BUILDDIR)/applehelp."
+	@echo "N.B. You won't be able to view it unless you put it in" \
+	      "~/Library/Documentation/Help or install it in your application" \
+	      "bundle."
+
+.PHONY: devhelp
+devhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished."
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/TinyGo"
+	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/TinyGo"
+	@echo "# devhelp"
+
+.PHONY: epub
+epub:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
+
+.PHONY: epub3
+epub3:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub3 $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub3
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The epub3 file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub3."
+
+.PHONY: latex
+latex:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
+	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
+
+.PHONY: latexpdf
+latexpdf:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+.PHONY: latexpdfja
+latexpdfja:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through platex and dvipdfmx..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf-ja
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+.PHONY: text
+text:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
+
+.PHONY: man
+man:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
+
+.PHONY: texinfo
+texinfo:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
+	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
+
+.PHONY: info
+info:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
+	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
+	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+
+.PHONY: gettext
+gettext:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
+
+.PHONY: changes
+changes:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
+	@echo
+	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
+
+.PHONY: linkcheck
+linkcheck:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
+	@echo
+	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
+	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
+
+.PHONY: doctest
+doctest:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
+	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
+
+.PHONY: coverage
+coverage:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b coverage $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/coverage
+	@echo "Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/coverage/python.txt."
+
+.PHONY: xml
+xml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b xml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/xml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/xml."
+
+.PHONY: pseudoxml
+pseudoxml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."
+
+.PHONY: dummy
+dummy:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dummy $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dummy
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. Dummy builder generates no files."
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..445e92b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# TinyGo documentation build configuration file, created by
+# sphinx-quickstart on Sat Sep 22 15:05:19 2018.
+#
+# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
+# containing dir.
+#
+# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
+# autogenerated file.
+#
+# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
+# serve to show the default.
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+#
+# import os
+# import sys
+# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
+
+# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
+#
+# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = []
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ['templates']
+
+# The suffix(es) of source filenames.
+# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
+#
+# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
+source_suffix = '.rst'
+
+# The encoding of source files.
+#
+# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+
+# The master toctree document.
+master_doc = 'index'
+
+# General information about the project.
+project = u'TinyGo'
+copyright = u'2018, Ayke van Laethem'
+author = u'Ayke van Laethem'
+
+# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
+# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
+# built documents.
+#
+# The short X.Y version.
+version = u'master'
+# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
+release = u'master'
+
+# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
+# for a list of supported languages.
+#
+# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
+# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
+language = None
+
+# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
+# non-false value, then it is used:
+#
+# today = ''
+#
+# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
+#
+# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+# This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path
+exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+
+# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
+# documents.
+#
+# default_role = None
+
+# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
+#
+# add_function_parentheses = True
+
+# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
+# unit titles (such as .. function::).
+#
+# add_module_names = True
+
+# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
+# output. They are ignored by default.
+#
+# show_authors = False
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+
+# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
+# modindex_common_prefix = []
+
+# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
+# keep_warnings = False
+
+# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
+todo_include_todos = False
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+#
+try:
+    import sphinx_rtd_theme
+    html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+except:
+    html_theme = 'alabaster'
+
+# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
+# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
+# documentation.
+#
+# html_theme_options = {}
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
+# html_theme_path = []
+
+# The name for this set of Sphinx documents.
+# "<project> v<release> documentation" by default.
+#
+# html_title = u'TinyGo vmaster'
+
+# A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
+#
+# html_short_title = None
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
+# of the sidebar.
+#
+# html_logo = None
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to use as a favicon of
+# the docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
+# pixels large.
+#
+# html_favicon = None
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ['static']
+
+# Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
+# .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
+# directly to the root of the documentation.
+#
+# html_extra_path = []
+
+# If not None, a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page
+# bottom, using the given strftime format.
+# The empty string is equivalent to '%b %d, %Y'.
+#
+# html_last_updated_fmt = None
+
+# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
+# typographically correct entities.
+#
+# html_use_smartypants = True
+
+# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
+#
+# html_sidebars = {}
+
+# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
+# template names.
+#
+# html_additional_pages = {}
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#
+# html_domain_indices = True
+
+# If false, no index is generated.
+#
+# html_use_index = True
+
+# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
+#
+# html_split_index = False
+
+# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
+#
+# html_show_sourcelink = True
+
+# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+#
+# html_show_sphinx = True
+
+# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+#
+# html_show_copyright = True
+
+# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
+# contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
+# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
+#
+# html_use_opensearch = ''
+
+# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
+# html_file_suffix = None
+
+# Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
+# Sphinx supports the following languages:
+#   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
+#   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr', 'zh'
+#
+# html_search_language = 'en'
+
+# A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
+# 'ja' uses this config value.
+# 'zh' user can custom change `jieba` dictionary path.
+#
+# html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
+
+# The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
+# implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
+#
+# html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
+
+# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
+htmlhelp_basename = 'TinyGodoc'
+
+# -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
+
+latex_elements = {
+     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+     #
+     # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+
+     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+     #
+     # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+
+     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+     #
+     # 'preamble': '',
+
+     # Latex figure (float) alignment
+     #
+     # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
+}
+
+# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title,
+#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
+latex_documents = [
+    (master_doc, 'TinyGo.tex', u'TinyGo Documentation',
+     u'Ayke van Laethem', 'manual'),
+]
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
+# the title page.
+#
+# latex_logo = None
+
+# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
+# not chapters.
+#
+# latex_use_parts = False
+
+# If true, show page references after internal links.
+#
+# latex_show_pagerefs = False
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+#
+# latex_show_urls = False
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+#
+# latex_appendices = []
+
+# It false, will not define \strong, \code, 	itleref, \crossref ... but only
+# \sphinxstrong, ..., \sphinxtitleref, ... To help avoid clash with user added
+# packages.
+#
+# latex_keep_old_macro_names = True
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#
+# latex_domain_indices = True
+
+
+# -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
+
+# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
+# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
+man_pages = [
+    (master_doc, 'tinygo', u'TinyGo Documentation',
+     [author], 1)
+]
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+#
+# man_show_urls = False
+
+
+# -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
+
+# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title, author,
+#  dir menu entry, description, category)
+texinfo_documents = [
+    (master_doc, 'TinyGo', u'TinyGo Documentation',
+     author, 'TinyGo', 'One line description of project.',
+     'Miscellaneous'),
+]
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+#
+# texinfo_appendices = []
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#
+# texinfo_domain_indices = True
+
+# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
+#
+# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+
+# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
+#
+# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c375c548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+.. TinyGo documentation master file, created by
+   sphinx-quickstart on Sat Sep 22 15:05:19 2018.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+Welcome to TinyGo's documentation!
+==================================
+
+Contents:
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   installation
+   internals
+
+
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
+
diff --git a/docs/installation.rst b/docs/installation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cb3e93a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/installation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+.. installation:
+
+.. highlight:: none
+
+Installation instructions
+=========================
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+These are the base requirements and enough for most (desktop) use.
+
+  * Go 1.11+
+  * LLVM dependencies, see the Software section in the
+    [LLVM build guide](https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#software)
+
+Linking a binary needs an installed C compiler (``cc``). At the moment it
+expects GCC or a recent Clang.
+
+ARM Cortex-M
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Cortex-M family of microcontrollers is well supported, as it uses the stable
+ARM LLVM backend (which is even used in the propietary C compiler from ARM).
+Compiling to object code should be supported out of the box, but compiling the
+final binary and flashing it needs some extra tools.
+
+    * binutils (``arm-none-eabi-objcopy``) for producing .hex files for
+      flashing.
+    * GCC (``arm-none-eabi-gcc``) for linking object files.
+    * The flashing tool for the particular chip, like ``openocd`` or
+      ``nrfjprog``.
+
+AVR (Arduino)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The AVR backend has similar requirements as the `ARM Cortex-M`_ backend. It
+needs the following tools:
+
+    * binutils (``avr-objcopy``) for flashing.
+    * GCC (``avr-gcc``) for linking object files.
+    * ``avrdude`` for flashing to an Arduino.
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+First download the sources. This may take a few minutes. ::
+
+    go get -u github.com/aykevl/tinygo
+
+You'll get an error like the following, this is expected::
+
+    src/github.com/aykevl/llvm/bindings/go/llvm/analysis.go:17:10: fatal error: 'llvm-c/Analysis.h' file not found
+    #include "llvm-c/Analysis.h" // If you are getting an error here read bindings/go/README.txt
+             ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+    1 error generated.
+
+To continue, you'll need to build LLVM. As a first step, modify
+github.com/aykevl/llvm/bindings/go/build.sh::
+
+    cmake_flags="../../../../.. $@ -DLLVM_EXPERIMENTAL_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=AVR -DLLVM_LINK_LLVM_DYLIB=ON"
+
+This will enable the experimental AVR backend (for Arduino support) and will
+make sure ``tinygo`` links to a shared library instead of a static library,
+greatly improving link time on every rebuild. This is especially useful during
+development.
+
+The next step is actually building LLVM. This is done by running this command
+inside github.com/aykevl/llvm/bindings/go::
+
+    $ ./build.sh
+
+This will take about an hour and require a fair bit of RAM. In fact, I would
+recommend setting your ``ld`` binary to ``gold`` to speed up linking, especially
+on systems with less than 16GB RAM.
+
+After LLVM has been built, you can run an example with::
+
+    make run-test
+
+For a blinky example on the PCA10040 development board, do this::
+
+    make flash-blinky2 TARGET=pca10040
+
+Note that you will have to execute the following commands before the blinky
+example will work::
+
+    git submodule update --init
+    make gen-device-nrf
+
+You can also run a simpler blinky example (blinky1) on the Arduino::
+
+    git submodule update --init # only required the first time
+    make gen-device-avr         # only required the first time
+    make flash-blinky1 TARGET=arduino
diff --git a/docs/internals.rst b/docs/internals.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..766a0a4d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/internals.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+.. internals:
+
+Compiler internals
+==================
+
+Pipeline
+--------
+
+Like most compilers, TinyGo is a compiler built as a pipeline of
+transformations, that each translate an input to a simpler output version (also
+called lowering). However, most of these part are not in TinyGo itself. The
+frontend is mostly implemented by external Go libraries, and most optimizations
+and code generation is implemented by LLVM.
+
+This is roughly the pipeline for TinyGo:
+
+  * Lexing, parsing, typechecking and `AST
+    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree>`_ building is done by
+    packages in the `standard library <https://godoc.org/go>`_ and in the
+    `golang.org/x/tools/go library <https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/go>`_.
+  * `SSA <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_single_assignment_form>`_
+    construction (a very important step) is done by the
+    `golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa <https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/go/ssa>`_
+    package.
+  * This SSA form is then analyzed by the `ir package
+    <https://godoc.org/github.com/aykevl/tinygo/ir>`_ to learn all kinds of
+    things about the code that help the optimizer.
+  * The Go SSA is then transformed into LLVM IR by the `compiler package
+    <https://godoc.org/github.com/aykevl/tinygo/compiler>`_. Both forms are SSA,
+    but because Go SSA is higher level and contains Go-specific constructs (like
+    interfaces and goroutines) this is non-trivial. However, the vast majority
+    of the work is simply lowering the available Go SSA into LLVM IR, possibly
+    calling some runtime library intrinsics in the process (for example,
+    operations on maps).
+  * This LLVM IR is then optimized by the LLVM optimizer, which has a large
+    array of standard `optimization passes
+    <https://llvm.org/docs/Passes.html>`_. Currently, the standard optimization
+    pipeline is used as is also be used by Clang, but a pipeline better tuned
+    for TinyGo might be used in the future.
+  * After all optimizations have run, a few fixups are needed for AVR for
+    globals. This is implemented by the compiler package.
+  * Finally, the resulting machine code is emitted by LLVM to an object file, to
+    be linked by an architecture-specific linker in a later step.
+
+After this whole list of compiler phases, the Go source has been transformed
+into object code. It can then be emitted directly to a file (for linking in a
+different build system), or it can be linked directly or even be flashed to a
+target by TinyGo (using external tools under the hood).
+
+Differences from ``go``
+-----------------------
+
+  * A whole program is compiled in a single step, without intermediate linking.
+    This makes incremental development much slower for large programs but
+    enables far more optimization opportunities. In the future, an option should
+    be added for incremental compilation during edit-compile-test cycles.
+  * Interfaces are always represented as a ``{typecode, value}`` pair. `Unlike
+    Go <https://research.swtch.com/interfaces>`, TinyGo will not precompute a
+    list of function pointers for fast interface method calls. Instead, all
+    interface method calls are looked up where they are used. This may sound
+    expensive, but it avoids memory allocation at interface creation.
+  * Global variables are computed during compilation whenever possible (unlike
+    Go, which does not have the equivalent of a ``.data`` section). This is an
+    important optimization for several reasons:
+      * Startup time is reduced. This is nice, but not the main reason.
+      * Initializing globals by copying the initial data from flash to RAM costs
+        much less flash space as only the actual data needs to be stored,
+        instead of all instructions to initialize these globals.
+      * Data can often be statically allocated instead of dynamically allocated
+        at startup.
+      * Dead globals are trivially optimized away by LLVM.
+      * Constant globals are trivially recognized by LLVM and marked
+        ``constant``. This makes sure they can be stored in flash instead of
+        RAM.
+      * Global constants are useful for constant propagation and thus for dead
+        code elimination (like an ``if`` that depends on a global variable).
diff --git a/docs/make.bat b/docs/make.bat
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9efa26015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/make.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+@ECHO OFF

+

+REM Command file for Sphinx documentation

+

+if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (

+	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build

+)

+set BUILDDIR=_build

+set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% .

+set I18NSPHINXOPTS=%SPHINXOPTS% .

+if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" (

+	set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%

+	set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS%

+)

+

+if "%1" == "" goto help

+

+if "%1" == "help" (

+	:help

+	echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of

+	echo.  html       to make standalone HTML files

+	echo.  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories

+	echo.  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file

+	echo.  pickle     to make pickle files

+	echo.  json       to make JSON files

+	echo.  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project

+	echo.  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project

+	echo.  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project

+	echo.  epub       to make an epub

+	echo.  epub3      to make an epub3

+	echo.  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter

+	echo.  text       to make text files

+	echo.  man        to make manual pages

+	echo.  texinfo    to make Texinfo files

+	echo.  gettext    to make PO message catalogs

+	echo.  changes    to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items

+	echo.  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files

+	echo.  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes

+	echo.  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity

+	echo.  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled

+	echo.  coverage   to run coverage check of the documentation if enabled

+	echo.  dummy      to check syntax errors of document sources

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "clean" (

+	for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i

+	del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*

+	goto end

+)

+

+

+REM Check if sphinx-build is available and fallback to Python version if any

+%SPHINXBUILD% 1>NUL 2>NUL

+if errorlevel 9009 goto sphinx_python

+goto sphinx_ok

+

+:sphinx_python

+

+set SPHINXBUILD=python -m sphinx.__init__

+%SPHINXBUILD% 2> nul

+if errorlevel 9009 (

+	echo.

+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx

+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point

+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you

+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.

+	echo.

+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from

+	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/

+	exit /b 1

+)

+

+:sphinx_ok

+

+

+if "%1" == "html" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "dirhtml" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "singlehtml" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "pickle" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "json" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "htmlhelp" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^

+.hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "qthelp" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^

+.qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this:

+	echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\TinyGo.qhcp

+	echo.To view the help file:

+	echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\TinyGo.ghc

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "devhelp" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "epub" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "epub3" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub3 %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub3

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The epub3 file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub3.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "latex" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "latexpdf" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex

+	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex

+	make all-pdf

+	cd %~dp0

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "latexpdfja" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex

+	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex

+	make all-pdf-ja

+	cd %~dp0

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "text" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "man" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "texinfo" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "gettext" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "changes" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "linkcheck" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^

+or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "doctest" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^

+results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "coverage" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b coverage %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/coverage

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Testing of coverage in the sources finished, look at the ^

+results in %BUILDDIR%/coverage/python.txt.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "xml" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b xml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/xml

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/xml.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "pseudoxml" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pseudoxml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml.

+	goto end

+)

+

+if "%1" == "dummy" (

+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b dummy %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dummy

+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1

+	echo.

+	echo.Build finished. Dummy builder generates no files.

+	goto end

+)

+

+:end