Merge branch 'one_type_type2'

author: Andrzej Janik <[email protected]> 2021-06-25 01:20:38 +0200
committer: Andrzej Janik <[email protected]> 2021-06-25 01:20:38 +0200
commit: 8ef6c3d8b600e8757ae723a55cdf9012473ac1bf (patch)
tree: b83d5eb48a5d020b2d06ab0d595d234c3c966aad /ptx
parent: e018de83aec5e25ea13aa11aa5317d6ad35250b1 (diff)
parent: 2e8716bf0debf5edfecd616204d0fd2864dc2f4c (diff)
download: ZLUDA-8ef6c3d8b600e8757ae723a55cdf9012473ac1bf.tar.gz
ZLUDA-8ef6c3d8b600e8757ae723a55cdf9012473ac1bf.zip
43 files changed, 2613 insertions, 3008 deletions
diff --git a/ptx/src/ast.rs b/ptx/src/ast.rs
index 1c6d2fb..5432207 100644
--- a/ptx/src/ast.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/ast.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use half::f16;
 use lalrpop_util::{lexer::Token, ParseError};
-use std::convert::TryInto;
-use std::{convert::From, convert::TryFrom, mem, num::ParseFloatError, str::FromStr};
+use std::{convert::From, mem, num::ParseFloatError, str::FromStr};
 use std::{marker::PhantomData, num::ParseIntError};
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
@@ -34,195 +33,12 @@ pub enum PtxError {
     NonExternPointer,
 }
 
-macro_rules! sub_enum {
-    ($name:ident { $($variant:ident),+ $(,)? }) => {
-        sub_enum!{ $name : ScalarType { $($variant),+ } }
-    };
-    ($name:ident : $base_type:ident { $($variant:ident),+ $(,)? }) => {
-        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
-        pub enum $name {
-            $(
-                $variant,
-            )+
-        }
-
-        impl From<$name> for $base_type {
-            fn from(t: $name) -> $base_type {
-                match t {
-                    $(
-                        $name::$variant => $base_type::$variant,
-                    )+
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl std::convert::TryFrom<$base_type> for $name {
-            type Error = ();
-
-            fn try_from(t: $base_type) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-                match t {
-                    $(
-                        $base_type::$variant => Ok($name::$variant),
-                    )+
-                        _ => Err(()),
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! sub_type {
-    ($type_name:ident { $($variant:ident ( $($field_type:ident),+ ) ),+ $(,)? } ) => {
-        sub_type! { $type_name : Type {
-            $(
-                $variant ($($field_type),+),
-            )+
-         }}
-    };
-    ($type_name:ident : $base_type:ident { $($variant:ident ( $($field_type:ident),+ ) ),+ $(,)? } ) => {
-        #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-        pub enum $type_name {
-            $(
-                $variant ($($field_type),+),
-            )+
-        }
-
-        impl From<$type_name> for $base_type {
-            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-            fn from(t: $type_name) -> $base_type {
-                match t {
-                    $(
-                        $type_name::$variant ( $($field_type),+ ) => <$base_type>::$variant ( $($field_type.into()),+),
-                    )+
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl std::convert::TryFrom<$base_type> for $type_name {
-            type Error = ();
-
-            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-            #[allow(unreachable_patterns)]
-            fn try_from(t: $base_type) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-                match t {
-                    $(
-                        $base_type::$variant ( $($field_type),+ )  => Ok($type_name::$variant ( $($field_type.try_into().map_err(|_| ())? ),+ )),
-                    )+
-                        _ => Err(()),
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-sub_type! {
-    VariableRegType {
-        Scalar(ScalarType),
-        Vector(SizedScalarType, u8),
-        // Array type is used when emiting SSA statements at the start of a method
-        Array(ScalarType, VecU32),
-        // Pointer variant is used when passing around SLM pointer between
-        // function calls for dynamic SLM
-        Pointer(SizedScalarType, PointerStateSpace)
-    }
-}
-
-type VecU32 = Vec<u32>;
-
-sub_type! {
-    VariableLocalType {
-        Scalar(SizedScalarType),
-        Vector(SizedScalarType, u8),
-        Array(SizedScalarType, VecU32),
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<VariableGlobalType> for VariableLocalType {
-    type Error = PtxError;
-
-    fn try_from(value: VariableGlobalType) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        match value {
-            VariableGlobalType::Scalar(t) => Ok(VariableLocalType::Scalar(t)),
-            VariableGlobalType::Vector(t, len) => Ok(VariableLocalType::Vector(t, len)),
-            VariableGlobalType::Array(t, len) => Ok(VariableLocalType::Array(t, len)),
-            VariableGlobalType::Pointer(_, _) => Err(PtxError::ZeroDimensionArray),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-sub_type! {
-    VariableGlobalType {
-        Scalar(SizedScalarType),
-        Vector(SizedScalarType, u8),
-        Array(SizedScalarType, VecU32),
-        Pointer(SizedScalarType, PointerStateSpace),
-    }
-}
-
 // For some weird reson this is illegal:
 //   .param .f16x2 foobar;
 // but this is legal:
 //   .param .f16x2 foobar[1];
 // even more interestingly this is legal, but only in .func (not in .entry):
 //   .param .b32 foobar[]
-sub_type! {
-    VariableParamType {
-        Scalar(LdStScalarType),
-        Array(SizedScalarType, VecU32),
-        Pointer(SizedScalarType, PointerStateSpace),
-    }
-}
-
-sub_enum!(SizedScalarType {
-    B8,
-    B16,
-    B32,
-    B64,
-    U8,
-    U16,
-    U32,
-    U64,
-    S8,
-    S16,
-    S32,
-    S64,
-    F16,
-    F16x2,
-    F32,
-    F64,
-});
-
-sub_enum!(LdStScalarType {
-    B8,
-    B16,
-    B32,
-    B64,
-    U8,
-    U16,
-    U32,
-    U64,
-    S8,
-    S16,
-    S32,
-    S64,
-    F16,
-    F32,
-    F64,
-});
-
-sub_enum!(SelpType {
-    B16,
-    B32,
-    B64,
-    U16,
-    U32,
-    U64,
-    S16,
-    S32,
-    S64,
-    F32,
-    F64,
-});
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum BarDetails {
@@ -266,23 +82,25 @@ pub struct Module<'a> {
 }
 
 pub enum Directive<'a, P: ArgParams> {
-    Variable(Variable<VariableType, P::Id>),
-    Method(Function<'a, &'a str, Statement<P>>),
+    Variable(LinkingDirective, Variable<P::Id>),
+    Method(LinkingDirective, Function<'a, &'a str, Statement<P>>),
 }
 
-pub enum MethodDecl<'a, ID> {
-    Func(Vec<FnArgument<ID>>, ID, Vec<FnArgument<ID>>),
-    Kernel {
-        name: &'a str,
-        in_args: Vec<KernelArgument<ID>>,
-    },
+#[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum MethodName<'input, ID> {
+    Kernel(&'input str),
+    Func(ID),
 }
 
-pub type FnArgument<ID> = Variable<FnArgumentType, ID>;
-pub type KernelArgument<ID> = Variable<KernelArgumentType, ID>;
+pub struct MethodDeclaration<'input, ID> {
+    pub return_arguments: Vec<Variable<ID>>,
+    pub name: MethodName<'input, ID>,
+    pub input_arguments: Vec<Variable<ID>>,
+    pub shared_mem: Option<ID>,
+}
 
 pub struct Function<'a, ID, S> {
-    pub func_directive: MethodDecl<'a, ID>,
+    pub func_directive: MethodDeclaration<'a, ID>,
     pub tuning: Vec<TuningDirective>,
     pub body: Option<Vec<S>>,
 }
@@ -290,118 +108,50 @@ pub struct Function<'a, ID, S> {
 pub type ParsedFunction<'a> = Function<'a, &'a str, Statement<ParsedArgParams<'a>>>;
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub enum FnArgumentType {
-    Reg(VariableRegType),
-    Param(VariableParamType),
-    Shared,
-}
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub enum KernelArgumentType {
-    Normal(VariableParamType),
-    Shared,
-}
-
-impl From<KernelArgumentType> for Type {
-    fn from(this: KernelArgumentType) -> Self {
-        match this {
-            KernelArgumentType::Normal(typ) => typ.into(),
-            KernelArgumentType::Shared => {
-                Type::Pointer(PointerType::Scalar(ScalarType::B8), LdStateSpace::Shared)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl FnArgumentType {
-    pub fn to_type(&self, is_kernel: bool) -> Type {
-        if is_kernel {
-            self.to_kernel_type()
-        } else {
-            self.to_func_type()
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn to_kernel_type(&self) -> Type {
-        match self {
-            FnArgumentType::Reg(x) => x.clone().into(),
-            FnArgumentType::Param(x) => x.clone().into(),
-            FnArgumentType::Shared => {
-                Type::Pointer(PointerType::Scalar(ScalarType::B8), LdStateSpace::Shared)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn to_func_type(&self) -> Type {
-        match self {
-            FnArgumentType::Reg(x) => x.clone().into(),
-            FnArgumentType::Param(VariableParamType::Scalar(t)) => {
-                Type::Pointer(PointerType::Scalar((*t).into()), LdStateSpace::Param)
-            }
-            FnArgumentType::Param(VariableParamType::Array(t, dims)) => Type::Pointer(
-                PointerType::Array((*t).into(), dims.clone()),
-                LdStateSpace::Param,
-            ),
-            FnArgumentType::Param(VariableParamType::Pointer(t, space)) => Type::Pointer(
-                PointerType::Pointer((*t).into(), (*space).into()),
-                LdStateSpace::Param,
-            ),
-            FnArgumentType::Shared => {
-                Type::Pointer(PointerType::Scalar(ScalarType::B8), LdStateSpace::Shared)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_param(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            FnArgumentType::Param(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-sub_enum!(
-    PointerStateSpace : LdStateSpace {
-        Generic,
-        Global,
-        Const,
-        Shared,
-        Param,
-    }
-);
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 pub enum Type {
+    // .param.b32 foo;
+    // -> OpTypeInt
     Scalar(ScalarType),
+    // .param.v2.b32 foo;
+    // -> OpTypeVector
     Vector(ScalarType, u8),
+    // .param.b32 foo[4];
+    // -> OpTypeArray
     Array(ScalarType, Vec<u32>),
-    Pointer(PointerType, LdStateSpace),
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub enum PointerType {
-    Scalar(ScalarType),
-    Vector(ScalarType, u8),
-    Array(ScalarType, VecU32),
-    Pointer(ScalarType, LdStateSpace),
-}
-
-impl From<SizedScalarType> for PointerType {
-    fn from(t: SizedScalarType) -> Self {
-        PointerType::Scalar(t.into())
-    }
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<PointerType> for SizedScalarType {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(value: PointerType) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        match value {
-            PointerType::Scalar(t) => Ok(t.try_into()?),
-            PointerType::Vector(_, _) => Err(()),
-            PointerType::Array(_, _) => Err(()),
-            PointerType::Pointer(_, _) => Err(()),
-        }
-    }
+    /*
+        Variables of this type almost never exist in the original .ptx and are
+        usually artificially created. Some examples below:
+        - extern pointers to the .shared memory in the form:
+            .extern .shared .b32 shared_mem[];
+          which we first parse as
+            .extern .shared .b32 shared_mem;
+          and then convert to an additional function parameter:
+            .param .ptr<.b32.shared> shared_mem;
+          and do a load at the start of the function (and renames inside fn):
+            .reg .ptr<.b32.shared> temp;
+            ld.param.ptr<.b32.shared> temp, [shared_mem];
+          note, we don't support non-.shared extern pointers, because there's
+          zero use for them in the ptxas
+        - artifical pointers created by stateful conversion, which work
+          similiarly to the above
+        - function parameters:
+            foobar(.param .align 4 .b8 numbers[])
+          which get parsed to
+            foobar(.param .align 4 .b8 numbers)
+          and then converted to
+            foobar(.reg .align 4 .ptr<.b8.param> numbers)
+        - ld/st with offset:
+            .reg.b32 x;
+            .param.b64 arg0;
+            st.param.b32 [arg0+4], x;
+          Yes, this code is legal and actually emitted by the NV compiler!
+          We convert the st to:
+            .reg ptr<.b64.param> temp = ptr_offset(arg0, 4);
+            st.param.b32 [temp], x;
+    */
+    // .reg ptr<.b64.param>
+    // -> OpTypePointer Function
+    Pointer(ScalarType, StateSpace),
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -425,52 +175,6 @@ pub enum ScalarType {
     Pred,
 }
 
-sub_enum!(IntType {
-    U8,
-    U16,
-    U32,
-    U64,
-    S8,
-    S16,
-    S32,
-    S64
-});
-
-sub_enum!(BitType { B8, B16, B32, B64 });
-
-sub_enum!(UIntType { U8, U16, U32, U64 });
-
-sub_enum!(SIntType { S8, S16, S32, S64 });
-
-impl IntType {
-    pub fn is_signed(self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            IntType::U8 | IntType::U16 | IntType::U32 | IntType::U64 => false,
-            IntType::S8 | IntType::S16 | IntType::S32 | IntType::S64 => true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn width(self) -> u8 {
-        match self {
-            IntType::U8 => 1,
-            IntType::U16 => 2,
-            IntType::U32 => 4,
-            IntType::U64 => 8,
-            IntType::S8 => 1,
-            IntType::S16 => 2,
-            IntType::S32 => 4,
-            IntType::S64 => 8,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-sub_enum!(FloatType {
-    F16,
-    F16x2,
-    F32,
-    F64
-});
-
 impl ScalarType {
     pub fn size_of(self) -> u8 {
         match self {
@@ -509,51 +213,19 @@ pub enum Statement<P: ArgParams> {
 }
 
 pub struct MultiVariable<ID> {
-    pub var: Variable<VariableType, ID>,
+    pub var: Variable<ID>,
     pub count: Option<u32>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct Variable<T, ID> {
+pub struct Variable<ID> {
     pub align: Option<u32>,
-    pub v_type: T,
+    pub v_type: Type,
+    pub state_space: StateSpace,
     pub name: ID,
     pub array_init: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub enum VariableType {
-    Reg(VariableRegType),
-    Local(VariableLocalType),
-    Param(VariableParamType),
-    Global(VariableGlobalType),
-    Shared(VariableGlobalType),
-}
-
-impl VariableType {
-    pub fn to_type(&self) -> (StateSpace, Type) {
-        match self {
-            VariableType::Reg(t) => (StateSpace::Reg, t.clone().into()),
-            VariableType::Local(t) => (StateSpace::Local, t.clone().into()),
-            VariableType::Param(t) => (StateSpace::Param, t.clone().into()),
-            VariableType::Global(t) => (StateSpace::Global, t.clone().into()),
-            VariableType::Shared(t) => (StateSpace::Shared, t.clone().into()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<VariableType> for Type {
-    fn from(t: VariableType) -> Self {
-        match t {
-            VariableType::Reg(t) => t.into(),
-            VariableType::Local(t) => t.into(),
-            VariableType::Param(t) => t.into(),
-            VariableType::Global(t) => t.into(),
-            VariableType::Shared(t) => t.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum StateSpace {
     Reg,
@@ -562,6 +234,8 @@ pub enum StateSpace {
     Local,
     Shared,
     Param,
+    Generic,
+    Sreg,
 }
 
 pub struct PredAt<ID> {
@@ -576,24 +250,24 @@ pub enum Instruction<P: ArgParams> {
     Add(ArithDetails, Arg3<P>),
     Setp(SetpData, Arg4Setp<P>),
     SetpBool(SetpBoolData, Arg5Setp<P>),
-    Not(BooleanType, Arg2<P>),
+    Not(ScalarType, Arg2<P>),
     Bra(BraData, Arg1<P>),
     Cvt(CvtDetails, Arg2<P>),
     Cvta(CvtaDetails, Arg2<P>),
-    Shl(ShlType, Arg3<P>),
-    Shr(ShrType, Arg3<P>),
+    Shl(ScalarType, Arg3<P>),
+    Shr(ScalarType, Arg3<P>),
     St(StData, Arg2St<P>),
     Ret(RetData),
     Call(CallInst<P>),
     Abs(AbsDetails, Arg2<P>),
     Mad(MulDetails, Arg4<P>),
-    Or(BooleanType, Arg3<P>),
+    Or(ScalarType, Arg3<P>),
     Sub(ArithDetails, Arg3<P>),
     Min(MinMaxDetails, Arg3<P>),
     Max(MinMaxDetails, Arg3<P>),
     Rcp(RcpDetails, Arg2<P>),
-    And(BooleanType, Arg3<P>),
-    Selp(SelpType, Arg4<P>),
+    And(ScalarType, Arg3<P>),
+    Selp(ScalarType, Arg4<P>),
     Bar(BarDetails, Arg1Bar<P>),
     Atom(AtomDetails, Arg3<P>),
     AtomCas(AtomCasDetails, Arg4<P>),
@@ -605,13 +279,13 @@ pub enum Instruction<P: ArgParams> {
     Cos { flush_to_zero: bool, arg: Arg2<P> },
     Lg2 { flush_to_zero: bool, arg: Arg2<P> },
     Ex2 { flush_to_zero: bool, arg: Arg2<P> },
-    Clz { typ: BitType, arg: Arg2<P> },
-    Brev { typ: BitType, arg: Arg2<P> },
-    Popc { typ: BitType, arg: Arg2<P> },
-    Xor { typ: BooleanType, arg: Arg3<P> },
-    Bfe { typ: IntType, arg: Arg4<P> },
-    Bfi { typ: BitType, arg: Arg5<P> },
-    Rem { typ: IntType, arg: Arg3<P> },
+    Clz { typ: ScalarType, arg: Arg2<P> },
+    Brev { typ: ScalarType, arg: Arg2<P> },
+    Popc { typ: ScalarType, arg: Arg2<P> },
+    Xor { typ: ScalarType, arg: Arg3<P> },
+    Bfe { typ: ScalarType, arg: Arg4<P> },
+    Bfi { typ: ScalarType, arg: Arg5<P> },
+    Rem { typ: ScalarType, arg: Arg3<P> },
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
@@ -737,34 +411,12 @@ pub enum VectorPrefix {
 
 pub struct LdDetails {
     pub qualifier: LdStQualifier,
-    pub state_space: LdStateSpace,
+    pub state_space: StateSpace,
     pub caching: LdCacheOperator,
-    pub typ: LdStType,
+    pub typ: Type,
     pub non_coherent: bool,
 }
 
-sub_type! {
-    LdStType {
-        Scalar(LdStScalarType),
-        Vector(LdStScalarType, u8),
-        // Used in generated code
-        Pointer(PointerType, LdStateSpace),
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<LdStType> for PointerType {
-    fn from(t: LdStType) -> Self {
-        match t {
-            LdStType::Scalar(t) => PointerType::Scalar(t.into()),
-            LdStType::Vector(t, len) => PointerType::Vector(t.into(), len),
-            LdStType::Pointer(PointerType::Scalar(scalar_type), space) => {
-                PointerType::Pointer(scalar_type, space)
-            }
-            LdStType::Pointer(..) => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum LdStQualifier {
     Weak,
@@ -780,17 +432,6 @@ pub enum MemScope {
     Sys,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-#[repr(u8)]
-pub enum LdStateSpace {
-    Generic,
-    Const,
-    Global,
-    Local,
-    Param,
-    Shared,
-}
-
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum LdCacheOperator {
     Cached,
@@ -825,7 +466,7 @@ impl MovDetails {
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct MulIntDesc {
-    pub typ: IntType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub control: MulIntControl,
 }
 
@@ -845,7 +486,7 @@ pub enum RoundingMode {
 }
 
 pub struct AddIntDesc {
-    pub typ: IntType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub saturate: bool,
 }
 
@@ -892,39 +533,39 @@ pub struct BraData {
 
 pub enum CvtDetails {
     IntFromInt(CvtIntToIntDesc),
-    FloatFromFloat(CvtDesc<FloatType, FloatType>),
-    IntFromFloat(CvtDesc<IntType, FloatType>),
-    FloatFromInt(CvtDesc<FloatType, IntType>),
+    FloatFromFloat(CvtDesc),
+    IntFromFloat(CvtDesc),
+    FloatFromInt(CvtDesc),
 }
 
 pub struct CvtIntToIntDesc {
-    pub dst: IntType,
-    pub src: IntType,
+    pub dst: ScalarType,
+    pub src: ScalarType,
     pub saturate: bool,
 }
 
-pub struct CvtDesc<Dst, Src> {
+pub struct CvtDesc {
     pub rounding: Option<RoundingMode>,
     pub flush_to_zero: Option<bool>,
     pub saturate: bool,
-    pub dst: Dst,
-    pub src: Src,
+    pub dst: ScalarType,
+    pub src: ScalarType,
 }
 
 impl CvtDetails {
     pub fn new_int_from_int_checked<'err, 'input>(
         saturate: bool,
-        dst: IntType,
-        src: IntType,
+        dst: ScalarType,
+        src: ScalarType,
         err: &'err mut Vec<ParseError<usize, Token<'input>, PtxError>>,
     ) -> Self {
         if saturate {
-            if src.is_signed() {
-                if dst.is_signed() && dst.width() >= src.width() {
+            if src.kind() == ScalarKind::Signed {
+                if dst.kind() == ScalarKind::Signed && dst.size_of() >= src.size_of() {
                     err.push(ParseError::from(PtxError::SyntaxError));
                 }
             } else {
-                if dst == src || dst.width() >= src.width() {
+                if dst == src || dst.size_of() >= src.size_of() {
                     err.push(ParseError::from(PtxError::SyntaxError));
                 }
             }
@@ -936,11 +577,11 @@ impl CvtDetails {
         rounding: RoundingMode,
         flush_to_zero: bool,
         saturate: bool,
-        dst: FloatType,
-        src: IntType,
+        dst: ScalarType,
+        src: ScalarType,
         err: &'err mut Vec<ParseError<usize, Token<'input>, PtxError>>,
     ) -> Self {
-        if flush_to_zero && dst != FloatType::F32 {
+        if flush_to_zero && dst != ScalarType::F32 {
             err.push(ParseError::from(PtxError::NonF32Ftz));
         }
         CvtDetails::FloatFromInt(CvtDesc {
@@ -956,11 +597,11 @@ impl CvtDetails {
         rounding: RoundingMode,
         flush_to_zero: bool,
         saturate: bool,
-        dst: IntType,
-        src: FloatType,
+        dst: ScalarType,
+        src: ScalarType,
         err: &'err mut Vec<ParseError<usize, Token<'input>, PtxError>>,
     ) -> Self {
-        if flush_to_zero && src != FloatType::F32 {
+        if flush_to_zero && src != ScalarType::F32 {
             err.push(ParseError::from(PtxError::NonF32Ftz));
         }
         CvtDetails::IntFromFloat(CvtDesc {
@@ -974,58 +615,21 @@ impl CvtDetails {
 }
 
 pub struct CvtaDetails {
-    pub to: CvtaStateSpace,
-    pub from: CvtaStateSpace,
+    pub to: StateSpace,
+    pub from: StateSpace,
     pub size: CvtaSize,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum CvtaStateSpace {
-    Generic,
-    Const,
-    Global,
-    Local,
-    Shared,
-}
-
 pub enum CvtaSize {
     U32,
     U64,
 }
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
-pub enum ShlType {
-    B16,
-    B32,
-    B64,
-}
-
-sub_enum!(ShrType {
-    B16,
-    B32,
-    B64,
-    U16,
-    U32,
-    U64,
-    S16,
-    S32,
-    S64,
-});
-
 pub struct StData {
     pub qualifier: LdStQualifier,
-    pub state_space: StStateSpace,
+    pub state_space: StateSpace,
     pub caching: StCacheOperator,
-    pub typ: LdStType,
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
-pub enum StStateSpace {
-    Generic,
-    Global,
-    Local,
-    Param,
-    Shared,
+    pub typ: Type,
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -1040,13 +644,6 @@ pub struct RetData {
     pub uniform: bool,
 }
 
-sub_enum!(BooleanType {
-    Pred,
-    B16,
-    B32,
-    B64,
-});
-
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum MulDetails {
     Unsigned(MulUInt),
@@ -1056,32 +653,32 @@ pub enum MulDetails {
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct MulUInt {
-    pub typ: UIntType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub control: MulIntControl,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct MulSInt {
-    pub typ: SIntType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub control: MulIntControl,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum ArithDetails {
-    Unsigned(UIntType),
+    Unsigned(ScalarType),
     Signed(ArithSInt),
     Float(ArithFloat),
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct ArithSInt {
-    pub typ: SIntType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub saturate: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct ArithFloat {
-    pub typ: FloatType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub rounding: Option<RoundingMode>,
     pub flush_to_zero: Option<bool>,
     pub saturate: bool,
@@ -1089,8 +686,8 @@ pub struct ArithFloat {
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum MinMaxDetails {
-    Signed(SIntType),
-    Unsigned(UIntType),
+    Signed(ScalarType),
+    Unsigned(ScalarType),
     Float(MinMaxFloat),
 }
 
@@ -1098,14 +695,14 @@ pub enum MinMaxDetails {
 pub struct MinMaxFloat {
     pub flush_to_zero: Option<bool>,
     pub nan: bool,
-    pub typ: FloatType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct AtomDetails {
     pub semantics: AtomSemantics,
     pub scope: MemScope,
-    pub space: AtomSpace,
+    pub space: StateSpace,
     pub inner: AtomInnerDetails,
 }
 
@@ -1118,18 +715,11 @@ pub enum AtomSemantics {
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-pub enum AtomSpace {
-    Generic,
-    Global,
-    Shared,
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum AtomInnerDetails {
-    Bit { op: AtomBitOp, typ: BitType },
-    Unsigned { op: AtomUIntOp, typ: UIntType },
-    Signed { op: AtomSIntOp, typ: SIntType },
-    Float { op: AtomFloatOp, typ: FloatType },
+    Bit { op: AtomBitOp, typ: ScalarType },
+    Unsigned { op: AtomUIntOp, typ: ScalarType },
+    Signed { op: AtomSIntOp, typ: ScalarType },
+    Float { op: AtomFloatOp, typ: ScalarType },
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -1165,20 +755,20 @@ pub enum AtomFloatOp {
 pub struct AtomCasDetails {
     pub semantics: AtomSemantics,
     pub scope: MemScope,
-    pub space: AtomSpace,
-    pub typ: BitType,
+    pub space: StateSpace,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum DivDetails {
-    Unsigned(UIntType),
-    Signed(SIntType),
+    Unsigned(ScalarType),
+    Signed(ScalarType),
     Float(DivFloatDetails),
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct DivFloatDetails {
-    pub typ: FloatType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub flush_to_zero: Option<bool>,
     pub kind: DivFloatKind,
 }
@@ -1197,7 +787,7 @@ pub enum NumsOrArrays<'a> {
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct SqrtDetails {
-    pub typ: FloatType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub flush_to_zero: Option<bool>,
     pub kind: SqrtKind,
 }
@@ -1210,7 +800,7 @@ pub enum SqrtKind {
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct RsqrtDetails {
-    pub typ: FloatType,
+    pub typ: ScalarType,
     pub flush_to_zero: bool,
 }
 
@@ -1221,7 +811,7 @@ pub struct NegDetails {
 }
 
 impl<'a> NumsOrArrays<'a> {
-    pub fn to_vec(self, typ: SizedScalarType, dimensions: &mut [u32]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, PtxError> {
+    pub fn to_vec(self, typ: ScalarType, dimensions: &mut [u32]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, PtxError> {
         self.normalize_dimensions(dimensions)?;
         let sizeof_t = ScalarType::from(typ).size_of() as usize;
         let result_size = dimensions.iter().fold(sizeof_t, |x, y| x * (*y as usize));
@@ -1252,7 +842,7 @@ impl<'a> NumsOrArrays<'a> {
 
     fn parse_and_copy(
         &self,
-        t: SizedScalarType,
+        t: ScalarType,
         size_of_t: usize,
         dimensions: &[u32],
         result: &mut [u8],
@@ -1292,47 +882,48 @@ impl<'a> NumsOrArrays<'a> {
     }
 
     fn parse_and_copy_single(
-        t: SizedScalarType,
+        t: ScalarType,
         idx: usize,
         str_val: &str,
         radix: u32,
         output: &mut [u8],
     ) -> Result<(), PtxError> {
         match t {
-            SizedScalarType::B8 | SizedScalarType::U8 => {
+            ScalarType::B8 | ScalarType::U8 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<u8>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::B16 | SizedScalarType::U16 => {
+            ScalarType::B16 | ScalarType::U16 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<u16>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::B32 | SizedScalarType::U32 => {
+            ScalarType::B32 | ScalarType::U32 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<u32>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::B64 | SizedScalarType::U64 => {
+            ScalarType::B64 | ScalarType::U64 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<u64>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::S8 => {
+            ScalarType::S8 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<i8>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::S16 => {
+            ScalarType::S16 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<i16>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::S32 => {
+            ScalarType::S32 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<i32>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::S64 => {
+            ScalarType::S64 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<i64>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::F16 => {
+            ScalarType::F16 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<f16>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::F16x2 => todo!(),
-            SizedScalarType::F32 => {
+            ScalarType::F16x2 => todo!(),
+            ScalarType::F32 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<f32>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
-            SizedScalarType::F64 => {
+            ScalarType::F64 => {
                 Self::parse_and_copy_single_t::<f64>(idx, str_val, radix, output)?;
             }
+            ScalarType::Pred => todo!(),
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1379,6 +970,40 @@ pub enum TuningDirective {
     MinNCtaPerSm(u32),
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ScalarKind {
+    Bit,
+    Unsigned,
+    Signed,
+    Float,
+    Float2,
+    Pred,
+}
+
+impl ScalarType {
+    pub fn kind(self) -> ScalarKind {
+        match self {
+            ScalarType::U8 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
+            ScalarType::U16 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
+            ScalarType::U32 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
+            ScalarType::U64 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
+            ScalarType::S8 => ScalarKind::Signed,
+            ScalarType::S16 => ScalarKind::Signed,
+            ScalarType::S32 => ScalarKind::Signed,
+            ScalarType::S64 => ScalarKind::Signed,
+            ScalarType::B8 => ScalarKind::Bit,
+            ScalarType::B16 => ScalarKind::Bit,
+            ScalarType::B32 => ScalarKind::Bit,
+            ScalarType::B64 => ScalarKind::Bit,
+            ScalarType::F16 => ScalarKind::Float,
+            ScalarType::F32 => ScalarKind::Float,
+            ScalarType::F64 => ScalarKind::Float,
+            ScalarType::F16x2 => ScalarKind::Float2,
+            ScalarType::Pred => ScalarKind::Pred,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -1386,13 +1011,13 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn array_fails_multiple_0_dmiensions() {
         let inp = NumsOrArrays::Nums(Vec::new());
-        assert!(inp.to_vec(SizedScalarType::B8, &mut vec![0, 0]).is_err());
+        assert!(inp.to_vec(ScalarType::B8, &mut vec![0, 0]).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn array_fails_on_empty() {
         let inp = NumsOrArrays::Nums(Vec::new());
-        assert!(inp.to_vec(SizedScalarType::B8, &mut vec![0]).is_err());
+        assert!(inp.to_vec(ScalarType::B8, &mut vec![0]).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1404,7 +1029,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut dimensions = vec![0u32, 2];
         assert_eq!(
             vec![1u8, 2, 3, 4],
-            inp.to_vec(SizedScalarType::B8, &mut dimensions).unwrap()
+            inp.to_vec(ScalarType::B8, &mut dimensions).unwrap()
         );
         assert_eq!(dimensions, vec![2u32, 2]);
     }
@@ -1416,7 +1041,7 @@ mod tests {
             NumsOrArrays::Arrays(vec![NumsOrArrays::Nums(vec![("1", 10)])]),
         ]);
         let mut dimensions = vec![0u32, 2];
-        assert!(inp.to_vec(SizedScalarType::B8, &mut dimensions).is_err());
+        assert!(inp.to_vec(ScalarType::B8, &mut dimensions).is_err());
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1426,6 +1051,6 @@ mod tests {
             NumsOrArrays::Nums(vec![("4", 10), ("5", 10)]),
         ]);
         let mut dimensions = vec![0u32, 2];
-        assert!(inp.to_vec(SizedScalarType::B8, &mut dimensions).is_err());
+        assert!(inp.to_vec(ScalarType::B8, &mut dimensions).is_err());
     }
 }
diff --git a/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop b/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop
index 423fd57..b697317 100644
--- a/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop
+++ b/ptx/src/ptx.lalrpop
@@ -343,10 +343,16 @@ TargetSpecifier = {
 
 Directive: Option<ast::Directive<'input, ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>>> = {
     AddressSize => None,
-    <f:Function> => Some(ast::Directive::Method(f)),
+    <f:Function> => {
+        let (linking, func) = f;
+        Some(ast::Directive::Method(linking, func))
+    },
     File => None,
     Section => None,
-    <v:ModuleVariable> ";" => Some(ast::Directive::Variable(v)),
+    <v:ModuleVariable> ";" => {
+        let (linking, var) = v;
+        Some(ast::Directive::Variable(linking, var))
+    },
     ! => {
         let err = <>;
         errors.push(err.error);
@@ -358,11 +364,13 @@ AddressSize = {
     ".address_size" U8Num
 };
 
-Function: ast::Function<'input, &'input str, ast::Statement<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>>>  = {
-    LinkingDirectives
-    <func_directive:MethodDecl>
+Function: (ast::LinkingDirective, ast::Function<'input, &'input str, ast::Statement<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>>>) = {
+    <linking:LinkingDirectives>
+    <func_directive:MethodDeclaration>
     <tuning:TuningDirective*>
-    <body:FunctionBody> =>  ast::Function{<>}
+    <body:FunctionBody> => {
+        (linking, ast::Function{func_directive, tuning, body})
+    }
 };
  
 LinkingDirective: ast::LinkingDirective = {
@@ -388,44 +396,50 @@ LinkingDirectives: ast::LinkingDirective = {
     }
 }
 
-MethodDecl: ast::MethodDecl<'input, &'input str> = {
-    ".entry" <name:ExtendedID> <in_args:KernelArguments> =>
-        ast::MethodDecl::Kernel{ name, in_args },
-    ".func" <ret_vals:FnArguments?> <name:ExtendedID> <params:FnArguments> => {
-        ast::MethodDecl::Func(ret_vals.unwrap_or_else(|| Vec::new()), name, params)
+MethodDeclaration: ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, &'input str> = {
+    ".entry" <name:ExtendedID> <input_arguments:KernelArguments> => {
+        let return_arguments = Vec::new();
+        let name = ast::MethodName::Kernel(name);
+        ast::MethodDeclaration{ return_arguments, name, input_arguments, shared_mem: None }
+    },
+    ".func" <return_arguments:FnArguments?> <name:ExtendedID> <input_arguments:FnArguments> => {
+        let return_arguments = return_arguments.unwrap_or_else(|| Vec::new());
+        let name = ast::MethodName::Func(name);
+        ast::MethodDeclaration{ return_arguments, name, input_arguments, shared_mem: None }
     }
 };
 
-KernelArguments: Vec<ast::KernelArgument<&'input str>> = {
+KernelArguments: Vec<ast::Variable<&'input str>> = {
     "(" <args:Comma<KernelInput>> ")" => args
 };
 
-FnArguments: Vec<ast::FnArgument<&'input str>> = {
+FnArguments: Vec<ast::Variable<&'input str>> = {
     "(" <args:Comma<FnInput>> ")" => args
 };
 
-KernelInput: ast::Variable<ast::KernelArgumentType, &'input str> = {
+KernelInput: ast::Variable<&'input str> = {
     <v:ParamDeclaration> => {
         let (align, v_type, name) = v;
         ast::Variable {
             align,
-            v_type: ast::KernelArgumentType::Normal(v_type),
+            v_type,
+            state_space: ast::StateSpace::Param,
             name,
             array_init: Vec::new()
         }
     }
 }
 
-FnInput: ast::Variable<ast::FnArgumentType, &'input str> = {
+FnInput: ast::Variable<&'input str> = {
     <v:RegVariable> => {
         let (align, v_type, name) = v;
-        let v_type = ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(v_type);
-        ast::Variable{ align, v_type, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Reg;
+        ast::Variable{ align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
     },
     <v:ParamDeclaration> => {
         let (align, v_type, name) = v;
-        let v_type = ast::FnArgumentType::Param(v_type);
-        ast::Variable{ align, v_type, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Param;
+        ast::Variable{ align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -508,141 +522,148 @@ VariableParam: u32 = {
     "<" <n:U32Num> ">" => n
 }
 
-Variable: ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, &'input str> = {
+Variable: ast::Variable<&'input str> = {
     <v:RegVariable> => {
         let (align, v_type, name) = v;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableType::Reg(v_type);
-        ast::Variable {align, v_type, name, array_init: Vec::new()}
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Reg;
+        ast::Variable {align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new()}
     },
     LocalVariable,
     <v:ParamVariable> => {
         let (align, array_init, v_type, name) = v;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableType::Param(v_type);
-        ast::Variable {align, v_type, name, array_init}
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Param;
+        ast::Variable {align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init}
     },
     SharedVariable,
 };
 
-RegVariable: (Option<u32>, ast::VariableRegType, &'input str) = {
+RegVariable: (Option<u32>, ast::Type, &'input str) = {
     ".reg" <var:VariableScalar<ScalarType>> => {
         let (align, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(t);
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Scalar(t);
         (align, v_type, name)
     },
     ".reg" <var:VariableVector<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, v_len, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableRegType::Vector(t, v_len);
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Vector(t, v_len);
         (align, v_type, name)
     }
 }
 
-LocalVariable: ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, &'input str> = {
+LocalVariable: ast::Variable<&'input str> = {
     ".local" <var:VariableScalar<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableType::Local(ast::VariableLocalType::Scalar(t));
-        ast::Variable { align, v_type, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Scalar(t);
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Local;
+        ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
     },
     ".local" <var:VariableVector<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, v_len, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableType::Local(ast::VariableLocalType::Vector(t, v_len));
-        ast::Variable { align, v_type, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Vector(t, v_len);
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Local;
+        ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
     },
     ".local" <var:VariableArrayOrPointer<SizedScalarType>> =>? {
         let (align, t, name, arr_or_ptr) = var;
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Local;
         let (v_type, array_init) = match arr_or_ptr {
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Array { dimensions, init } => {
-                (ast::VariableLocalType::Array(t, dimensions), init)
+                (ast::Type::Array(t, dimensions), init)
             }
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Pointer => {
                 return Err(ParseError::User { error: ast::PtxError::ZeroDimensionArray });
             }
         };
-        Ok(ast::Variable { align, v_type: ast::VariableType::Local(v_type), name, array_init })
+        Ok(ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init })
     }
 }
 
-SharedVariable: ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, &'input str> = {
+SharedVariable: ast::Variable<&'input str> = {
     ".shared" <var:VariableScalar<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableGlobalType::Scalar(t);
-        ast::Variable { align, v_type: ast::VariableType::Shared(v_type), name, array_init: Vec::new() }
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Shared;
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Scalar(t);
+        ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
     },
     ".shared" <var:VariableVector<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, v_len, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableGlobalType::Vector(t, v_len);
-        ast::Variable { align, v_type: ast::VariableType::Shared(v_type), name, array_init: Vec::new() }
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Shared;
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Vector(t, v_len);
+        ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new() }
     },
     ".shared" <var:VariableArrayOrPointer<SizedScalarType>> =>? {
         let (align, t, name, arr_or_ptr) = var;
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Shared;
         let (v_type, array_init) = match arr_or_ptr {
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Array { dimensions, init } => {
-                (ast::VariableGlobalType::Array(t, dimensions), init)
+                (ast::Type::Array(t, dimensions), init)
             }
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Pointer => {
                 return Err(ParseError::User { error: ast::PtxError::ZeroDimensionArray });
             }
         };
-        Ok(ast::Variable { align, v_type: ast::VariableType::Shared(v_type), name, array_init })
+        Ok(ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init })
     }
 }
 
-
-ModuleVariable: ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, &'input str> = {
-    LinkingDirectives ".global" <def:GlobalVariableDefinitionNoArray> => {
+ModuleVariable: (ast::LinkingDirective, ast::Variable<&'input str>) = {
+    <linking:LinkingDirectives> ".global" <def:GlobalVariableDefinitionNoArray> => {
         let (align, v_type, name, array_init) = def;
-        ast::Variable { align, v_type: ast::VariableType::Global(v_type), name, array_init }
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Global;
+        (linking, ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init })
     },
-    LinkingDirectives ".shared" <def:GlobalVariableDefinitionNoArray> => {
+    <linking:LinkingDirectives> ".shared" <def:GlobalVariableDefinitionNoArray> => {
         let (align, v_type, name, array_init) = def;
-        ast::Variable { align, v_type: ast::VariableType::Shared(v_type), name, array_init: Vec::new() }
+        let state_space = ast::StateSpace::Shared;
+        (linking, ast::Variable { align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init: Vec::new() })
     },
-    <ldirs:LinkingDirectives> <space:Or<".global", ".shared">> <var:VariableArrayOrPointer<SizedScalarType>> =>? {
+    <linking:LinkingDirectives> <space:Or<".global", ".shared">> <var:VariableArrayOrPointer<SizedScalarType>> =>? {
         let (align, t, name, arr_or_ptr) = var;
-        let (v_type, array_init) = match arr_or_ptr {
+        let (v_type, state_space, array_init) = match arr_or_ptr {
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Array { dimensions, init } => {
                 if space == ".global" {
-                    (ast::VariableType::Global(ast::VariableGlobalType::Array(t, dimensions)), init)
+                    (ast::Type::Array(t, dimensions), ast::StateSpace::Global, init)
                 } else {
-                    (ast::VariableType::Shared(ast::VariableGlobalType::Array(t, dimensions)), init)
+                    (ast::Type::Array(t, dimensions), ast::StateSpace::Shared, init)
                 }
             }
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Pointer => {
-                if !ldirs.contains(ast::LinkingDirective::EXTERN) {
+                if !linking.contains(ast::LinkingDirective::EXTERN) {
                     return Err(ParseError::User { error: ast::PtxError::NonExternPointer });
                 }
                 if space == ".global" {
-                    (ast::VariableType::Global(ast::VariableGlobalType::Pointer(t, ast::PointerStateSpace::Global)), Vec::new())
+                    (ast::Type::Array(t, Vec::new()), ast::StateSpace::Global, Vec::new())
                 } else {
-                    (ast::VariableType::Shared(ast::VariableGlobalType::Pointer(t, ast::PointerStateSpace::Shared)), Vec::new())
+                    (ast::Type::Array(t, Vec::new()), ast::StateSpace::Shared, Vec::new())
                 }
             }
         };
-        Ok(ast::Variable{ align, array_init, v_type, name })
+        Ok((linking, ast::Variable{ align, v_type, state_space, name, array_init }))
     }
 }
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#parameter-state-space
-ParamVariable: (Option<u32>, Vec<u8>, ast::VariableParamType, &'input str) = {
+ParamVariable: (Option<u32>, Vec<u8>, ast::Type, &'input str) = {
     ".param" <var:VariableScalar<LdStScalarType>> => {
         let (align, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableParamType::Scalar(t);
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Scalar(t);
         (align, Vec::new(), v_type, name)
     },
     ".param" <var:VariableArrayOrPointer<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, t, name, arr_or_ptr) = var;
         let (v_type, array_init) = match arr_or_ptr {
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Array { dimensions, init } => {
-                (ast::VariableParamType::Array(t, dimensions), init)
+                (ast::Type::Array(t, dimensions), init)
             }
             ast::ArrayOrPointer::Pointer => {
-                (ast::VariableParamType::Pointer(t, ast::PointerStateSpace::Param), Vec::new())
+                (ast::Type::Scalar(t), Vec::new())
             }
         };
         (align, array_init, v_type, name)
     }
 }
 
-ParamDeclaration: (Option<u32>, ast::VariableParamType, &'input str) = {
+ParamDeclaration: (Option<u32>, ast::Type, &'input str) = {
     <var:ParamVariable> =>? {
         let (align, array_init, v_type, name) = var;
         if array_init.len() > 0 {
@@ -653,56 +674,56 @@ ParamDeclaration: (Option<u32>, ast::VariableParamType, &'input str) = {
     }
 }
 
-GlobalVariableDefinitionNoArray: (Option<u32>, ast::VariableGlobalType, &'input str, Vec<u8>) = {
+GlobalVariableDefinitionNoArray: (Option<u32>, ast::Type, &'input str, Vec<u8>) = {
     <scalar:VariableScalar<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, t, name) = scalar;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableGlobalType::Scalar(t);
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Scalar(t);
         (align, v_type, name, Vec::new())
     },
     <var:VariableVector<SizedScalarType>> => {
         let (align, v_len, t, name) = var;
-        let v_type = ast::VariableGlobalType::Vector(t, v_len);
+        let v_type = ast::Type::Vector(t, v_len);
         (align, v_type, name, Vec::new())
     },
 }
 
 #[inline]
-SizedScalarType: ast::SizedScalarType = {
-    ".b8" => ast::SizedScalarType::B8,
-    ".b16" => ast::SizedScalarType::B16,
-    ".b32" => ast::SizedScalarType::B32,
-    ".b64" => ast::SizedScalarType::B64,
-    ".u8" => ast::SizedScalarType::U8,
-    ".u16" => ast::SizedScalarType::U16,
-    ".u32" => ast::SizedScalarType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::SizedScalarType::U64,
-    ".s8" => ast::SizedScalarType::S8,
-    ".s16" => ast::SizedScalarType::S16,
-    ".s32" => ast::SizedScalarType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::SizedScalarType::S64,
-    ".f16" => ast::SizedScalarType::F16,
-    ".f16x2" => ast::SizedScalarType::F16x2,
-    ".f32" => ast::SizedScalarType::F32,
-    ".f64" => ast::SizedScalarType::F64,
+SizedScalarType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".b8" => ast::ScalarType::B8,
+    ".b16" => ast::ScalarType::B16,
+    ".b32" => ast::ScalarType::B32,
+    ".b64" => ast::ScalarType::B64,
+    ".u8" => ast::ScalarType::U8,
+    ".u16" => ast::ScalarType::U16,
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
+    ".s8" => ast::ScalarType::S8,
+    ".s16" => ast::ScalarType::S16,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
+    ".f16" => ast::ScalarType::F16,
+    ".f16x2" => ast::ScalarType::F16x2,
+    ".f32" => ast::ScalarType::F32,
+    ".f64" => ast::ScalarType::F64,
 }
 
 #[inline]
-LdStScalarType: ast::LdStScalarType = {
-    ".b8" => ast::LdStScalarType::B8,
-    ".b16" => ast::LdStScalarType::B16,
-    ".b32" => ast::LdStScalarType::B32,
-    ".b64" => ast::LdStScalarType::B64,
-    ".u8" => ast::LdStScalarType::U8,
-    ".u16" => ast::LdStScalarType::U16,
-    ".u32" => ast::LdStScalarType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::LdStScalarType::U64,
-    ".s8" => ast::LdStScalarType::S8,
-    ".s16" => ast::LdStScalarType::S16,
-    ".s32" => ast::LdStScalarType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::LdStScalarType::S64,
-    ".f16" => ast::LdStScalarType::F16,
-    ".f32" => ast::LdStScalarType::F32,
-    ".f64" => ast::LdStScalarType::F64,
+LdStScalarType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".b8" => ast::ScalarType::B8,
+    ".b16" => ast::ScalarType::B16,
+    ".b32" => ast::ScalarType::B32,
+    ".b64" => ast::ScalarType::B64,
+    ".u8" => ast::ScalarType::U8,
+    ".u16" => ast::ScalarType::U16,
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
+    ".s8" => ast::ScalarType::S8,
+    ".s16" => ast::ScalarType::S16,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
+    ".f16" => ast::ScalarType::F16,
+    ".f32" => ast::ScalarType::F32,
+    ".f64" => ast::ScalarType::F64,
 }
 
 Instruction: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
@@ -755,7 +776,7 @@ InstLd: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         ast::Instruction::Ld(
             ast::LdDetails {
                 qualifier: q.unwrap_or(ast::LdStQualifier::Weak),
-                state_space: ss.unwrap_or(ast::LdStateSpace::Generic),
+                state_space: ss.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
                 caching: cop.unwrap_or(ast::LdCacheOperator::Cached),
                 typ: t,
                 non_coherent: false
@@ -767,7 +788,7 @@ InstLd: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         ast::Instruction::Ld(
             ast::LdDetails {
                 qualifier: q.unwrap_or(ast::LdStQualifier::Weak),
-                state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
+                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Global,
                 caching: cop.unwrap_or(ast::LdCacheOperator::Cached),
                 typ: t,
                 non_coherent: false
@@ -779,7 +800,7 @@ InstLd: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         ast::Instruction::Ld(
             ast::LdDetails {
                 qualifier: ast::LdStQualifier::Weak,
-                state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
+                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Global,
                 caching: cop.unwrap_or(ast::LdCacheOperator::Cached),
                 typ: t,
                 non_coherent: true
@@ -789,9 +810,9 @@ InstLd: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     }
 };
 
-LdStType: ast::LdStType = {
-    <v:VectorPrefix> <t:LdStScalarType> => ast::LdStType::Vector(t, v),
-    <t:LdStScalarType> => ast::LdStType::Scalar(t),
+LdStType: ast::Type = {
+    <v:VectorPrefix> <t:LdStScalarType> => ast::Type::Vector(t, v),
+    <t:LdStScalarType> => ast::Type::Scalar(t),
 }
 
 LdStQualifier: ast::LdStQualifier = {
@@ -807,11 +828,11 @@ MemScope: ast::MemScope = {
     ".sys" => ast::MemScope::Sys
 };
 
-LdNonGlobalStateSpace: ast::LdStateSpace = {
-    ".const" => ast::LdStateSpace::Const,
-    ".local" => ast::LdStateSpace::Local,
-    ".param" => ast::LdStateSpace::Param,
-    ".shared" => ast::LdStateSpace::Shared,
+LdNonGlobalStateSpace: ast::StateSpace = {
+    ".const" => ast::StateSpace::Const,
+    ".local" => ast::StateSpace::Local,
+    ".param" => ast::StateSpace::Param,
+    ".shared" => ast::StateSpace::Shared,
 };
 
 LdCacheOperator: ast::LdCacheOperator = {
@@ -899,39 +920,39 @@ RoundingModeInt : ast::RoundingMode = {
     ".rpi" => ast::RoundingMode::PositiveInf,
 };
 
-IntType : ast::IntType = {
-    ".u16" => ast::IntType::U16,
-    ".u32" => ast::IntType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::IntType::U64,
-    ".s16" => ast::IntType::S16,
-    ".s32" => ast::IntType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::IntType::S64,
+IntType : ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".u16" => ast::ScalarType::U16,
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
+    ".s16" => ast::ScalarType::S16,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
 };
 
-IntType3264: ast::IntType = {
-    ".u32" => ast::IntType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::IntType::U64,
-    ".s32" => ast::IntType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::IntType::S64,
+IntType3264: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
 }
 
-UIntType: ast::UIntType = {
-    ".u16" => ast::UIntType::U16,
-    ".u32" => ast::UIntType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::UIntType::U64,
+UIntType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".u16" => ast::ScalarType::U16,
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
 };
 
-SIntType: ast::SIntType = {
-    ".s16" => ast::SIntType::S16,
-    ".s32" => ast::SIntType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::SIntType::S64,
+SIntType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".s16" => ast::ScalarType::S16,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
 };
 
-FloatType: ast::FloatType = {
-    ".f16" => ast::FloatType::F16,
-    ".f16x2" => ast::FloatType::F16x2,
-    ".f32" => ast::FloatType::F32,
-    ".f64" => ast::FloatType::F64,
+FloatType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".f16" => ast::ScalarType::F16,
+    ".f16x2" => ast::ScalarType::F16x2,
+    ".f32" => ast::ScalarType::F32,
+    ".f64" => ast::ScalarType::F64,
 };
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#integer-arithmetic-instructions-add
@@ -1023,11 +1044,11 @@ InstNot: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "not" <t:BooleanType> <a:Arg2> => ast::Instruction::Not(t, a)
 };
 
-BooleanType: ast::BooleanType = {
-    ".pred" => ast::BooleanType::Pred,
-    ".b16" => ast::BooleanType::B16,
-    ".b32" => ast::BooleanType::B32,
-    ".b64" => ast::BooleanType::B64,
+BooleanType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".pred" => ast::ScalarType::Pred,
+    ".b16" => ast::ScalarType::B16,
+    ".b32" => ast::ScalarType::B32,
+    ".b64" => ast::ScalarType::B64,
 };
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#control-flow-instructions-at
@@ -1080,8 +1101,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: r,
                 flush_to_zero: None,
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F16,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F16
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F16,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F16
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1091,8 +1112,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: None,
                 flush_to_zero: Some(f.is_some()),
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F32,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F16
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F32,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F16
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1102,8 +1123,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: None,
                 flush_to_zero: None,
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F64,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F16
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F64,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F16
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1113,8 +1134,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: Some(r),
                 flush_to_zero: Some(f.is_some()),
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F16,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F32
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F16,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F32
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1124,8 +1145,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: r,
                 flush_to_zero: Some(f.is_some()),
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F32,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F32
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F32,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F32
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1135,8 +1156,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: None,
                 flush_to_zero: None,
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F64,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F32
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F64,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F32
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1146,8 +1167,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: Some(r),
                 flush_to_zero: None,
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F16,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F64
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F16,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F64
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1157,8 +1178,8 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: Some(r),
                 flush_to_zero: Some(s.is_some()),
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F32,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F64
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F32,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F64
             }
         ), a)
     },
@@ -1168,28 +1189,28 @@ InstCvt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
                 rounding: r,
                 flush_to_zero: None,
                 saturate: s.is_some(),
-                dst: ast::FloatType::F64,
-                src: ast::FloatType::F64
+                dst: ast::ScalarType::F64,
+                src: ast::ScalarType::F64
             }
         ), a)
     },
 };
 
-CvtTypeInt: ast::IntType = {
-    ".u8" => ast::IntType::U8,
-    ".u16" => ast::IntType::U16,
-    ".u32" => ast::IntType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::IntType::U64,
-    ".s8" => ast::IntType::S8,
-    ".s16" => ast::IntType::S16,
-    ".s32" => ast::IntType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::IntType::S64,
+CvtTypeInt: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".u8" => ast::ScalarType::U8,
+    ".u16" => ast::ScalarType::U16,
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
+    ".s8" => ast::ScalarType::S8,
+    ".s16" => ast::ScalarType::S16,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
 };
 
-CvtTypeFloat: ast::FloatType = {
-    ".f16" => ast::FloatType::F16,
-    ".f32" => ast::FloatType::F32,
-    ".f64" => ast::FloatType::F64,
+CvtTypeFloat: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".f16" => ast::ScalarType::F16,
+    ".f32" => ast::ScalarType::F32,
+    ".f64" => ast::ScalarType::F64,
 };
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#logic-and-shift-instructions-shl
@@ -1197,10 +1218,10 @@ InstShl: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "shl" <t:ShlType> <a:Arg3> => ast::Instruction::Shl(t, a)
 };
 
-ShlType: ast::ShlType = {
-    ".b16" => ast::ShlType::B16,
-    ".b32" => ast::ShlType::B32,
-    ".b64" => ast::ShlType::B64,
+ShlType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".b16" => ast::ScalarType::B16,
+    ".b32" => ast::ScalarType::B32,
+    ".b64" => ast::ScalarType::B64,
 };
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#logic-and-shift-instructions-shr
@@ -1208,16 +1229,16 @@ InstShr: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "shr" <t:ShrType> <a:Arg3> => ast::Instruction::Shr(t, a)
 };
 
-ShrType: ast::ShrType = {
-    ".b16" => ast::ShrType::B16,
-    ".b32" => ast::ShrType::B32,
-    ".b64" => ast::ShrType::B64,
-    ".u16" => ast::ShrType::U16,
-    ".u32" => ast::ShrType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::ShrType::U64,
-    ".s16" => ast::ShrType::S16,
-    ".s32" => ast::ShrType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::ShrType::S64,
+ShrType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".b16" => ast::ScalarType::B16,
+    ".b32" => ast::ScalarType::B32,
+    ".b64" => ast::ScalarType::B64,
+    ".u16" => ast::ScalarType::U16,
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
+    ".s16" => ast::ScalarType::S16,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
 };
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#data-movement-and-conversion-instructions-st
@@ -1227,7 +1248,7 @@ InstSt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         ast::Instruction::St(
             ast::StData {
                 qualifier: q.unwrap_or(ast::LdStQualifier::Weak),
-                state_space: ss.unwrap_or(ast::StStateSpace::Generic),
+                state_space: ss.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
                 caching: cop.unwrap_or(ast::StCacheOperator::Writeback),
                 typ: t
             },
@@ -1241,11 +1262,11 @@ MemoryOperand: ast::Operand<&'input str> = {
     "[" <o:Operand> "]" => o
 }
 
-StStateSpace: ast::StStateSpace = {
-    ".global" => ast::StStateSpace::Global,
-    ".local" => ast::StStateSpace::Local,
-    ".param" => ast::StStateSpace::Param,
-    ".shared" => ast::StStateSpace::Shared,
+StStateSpace: ast::StateSpace = {
+    ".global" => ast::StateSpace::Global,
+    ".local" => ast::StateSpace::Local,
+    ".param" => ast::StateSpace::Param,
+    ".shared" => ast::StateSpace::Shared,
 };
 
 StCacheOperator: ast::StCacheOperator = {
@@ -1264,7 +1285,7 @@ InstRet: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
 InstCvta: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "cvta" <from:CvtaStateSpace> <s:CvtaSize> <a:Arg2> => {
         ast::Instruction::Cvta(ast::CvtaDetails {
-            to: ast::CvtaStateSpace::Generic,
+            to: ast::StateSpace::Generic,
             from,
             size: s
         },
@@ -1273,18 +1294,18 @@ InstCvta: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "cvta" ".to" <to:CvtaStateSpace> <s:CvtaSize> <a:Arg2> => {
         ast::Instruction::Cvta(ast::CvtaDetails {
             to,
-            from: ast::CvtaStateSpace::Generic,
+            from: ast::StateSpace::Generic,
             size: s
         },
         a)
     }
 }
 
-CvtaStateSpace: ast::CvtaStateSpace = {
-    ".const" => ast::CvtaStateSpace::Const,
-    ".global" => ast::CvtaStateSpace::Global,
-    ".local" => ast::CvtaStateSpace::Local,
-    ".shared" => ast::CvtaStateSpace::Shared,
+CvtaStateSpace: ast::StateSpace = {
+    ".const" => ast::StateSpace::Const,
+    ".global" => ast::StateSpace::Global,
+    ".local" => ast::StateSpace::Local,
+    ".shared" => ast::StateSpace::Shared,
 }
 
 CvtaSize: ast::CvtaSize = {
@@ -1393,16 +1414,16 @@ MinMaxDetails: ast::MinMaxDetails = {
     <t:UIntType> => ast::MinMaxDetails::Unsigned(t),
     <t:SIntType> => ast::MinMaxDetails::Signed(t),
     <ftz:".ftz"?> <nan:".NaN"?> ".f32" => ast::MinMaxDetails::Float(
-        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()), nan: nan.is_some(), typ: ast::FloatType::F32 }
+        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()), nan: nan.is_some(), typ: ast::ScalarType::F32 }
     ),
     ".f64" => ast::MinMaxDetails::Float(
-        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: None, nan: false, typ: ast::FloatType::F64 }
+        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: None, nan: false, typ: ast::ScalarType::F64 }
     ),
     <ftz:".ftz"?> <nan:".NaN"?> ".f16" => ast::MinMaxDetails::Float(
-        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()), nan: nan.is_some(), typ: ast::FloatType::F16 }
+        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()), nan: nan.is_some(), typ: ast::ScalarType::F16 }
     ),
     <ftz:".ftz"?> <nan:".NaN"?> ".f16x2" => ast::MinMaxDetails::Float(
-        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()), nan: nan.is_some(), typ: ast::FloatType::F16x2 }
+        ast::MinMaxFloat{ flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()), nan: nan.is_some(), typ: ast::ScalarType::F16x2 }
     )
 }
 
@@ -1411,18 +1432,18 @@ InstSelp: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "selp" <t:SelpType> <a:Arg4> => ast::Instruction::Selp(t, a),
 };
 
-SelpType: ast::SelpType = {
-    ".b16" => ast::SelpType::B16,
-    ".b32" => ast::SelpType::B32,
-    ".b64" => ast::SelpType::B64,
-    ".u16" => ast::SelpType::U16,
-    ".u32" => ast::SelpType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::SelpType::U64,
-    ".s16" => ast::SelpType::S16,
-    ".s32" => ast::SelpType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::SelpType::S64,
-    ".f32" => ast::SelpType::F32,
-    ".f64" => ast::SelpType::F64,
+SelpType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".b16" => ast::ScalarType::B16,
+    ".b32" => ast::ScalarType::B32,
+    ".b64" => ast::ScalarType::B64,
+    ".u16" => ast::ScalarType::U16,
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
+    ".s16" => ast::ScalarType::S16,
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
+    ".f32" => ast::ScalarType::F32,
+    ".f64" => ast::ScalarType::F64,
 };
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#parallel-synchronization-and-communication-instructions-bar
@@ -1442,7 +1463,7 @@ InstAtom: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         let details = ast::AtomDetails {
             semantics: sema.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSemantics::Relaxed),
             scope: scope.unwrap_or(ast::MemScope::Gpu),
-            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSpace::Generic),
+            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
             inner: ast::AtomInnerDetails::Bit { op, typ }
         };
         ast::Instruction::Atom(details,a)
@@ -1451,10 +1472,10 @@ InstAtom: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         let details = ast::AtomDetails {
             semantics: sema.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSemantics::Relaxed),
             scope: scope.unwrap_or(ast::MemScope::Gpu),
-            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSpace::Generic),
+            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
             inner: ast::AtomInnerDetails::Unsigned {
                 op: ast::AtomUIntOp::Inc,
-                typ: ast::UIntType::U32
+                typ: ast::ScalarType::U32
             }
         };
         ast::Instruction::Atom(details,a)
@@ -1463,10 +1484,10 @@ InstAtom: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         let details = ast::AtomDetails {
             semantics: sema.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSemantics::Relaxed),
             scope: scope.unwrap_or(ast::MemScope::Gpu),
-            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSpace::Generic),
+            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
             inner: ast::AtomInnerDetails::Unsigned {
                 op: ast::AtomUIntOp::Dec,
-                typ: ast::UIntType::U32
+                typ: ast::ScalarType::U32
             }
         };
         ast::Instruction::Atom(details,a)
@@ -1476,7 +1497,7 @@ InstAtom: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         let details = ast::AtomDetails {
             semantics: sema.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSemantics::Relaxed),
             scope: scope.unwrap_or(ast::MemScope::Gpu),
-            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSpace::Generic),
+            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
             inner: ast::AtomInnerDetails::Float { op, typ }
         };
         ast::Instruction::Atom(details,a)
@@ -1485,7 +1506,7 @@ InstAtom: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         let details = ast::AtomDetails {
             semantics: sema.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSemantics::Relaxed),
             scope: scope.unwrap_or(ast::MemScope::Gpu),
-            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSpace::Generic),
+            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
             inner: ast::AtomInnerDetails::Unsigned { op, typ }
         };
         ast::Instruction::Atom(details,a)
@@ -1494,7 +1515,7 @@ InstAtom: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         let details = ast::AtomDetails {
             semantics: sema.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSemantics::Relaxed),
             scope: scope.unwrap_or(ast::MemScope::Gpu),
-            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSpace::Generic),
+            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
             inner: ast::AtomInnerDetails::Signed { op, typ }
         };
         ast::Instruction::Atom(details,a)
@@ -1506,7 +1527,7 @@ InstAtomCas: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
         let details = ast::AtomCasDetails {
             semantics: sema.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSemantics::Relaxed),
             scope: scope.unwrap_or(ast::MemScope::Gpu),
-            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::AtomSpace::Generic),
+            space: space.unwrap_or(ast::StateSpace::Generic),
             typ,
         };
         ast::Instruction::AtomCas(details,a)
@@ -1520,9 +1541,9 @@ AtomSemantics: ast::AtomSemantics = {
     ".acq_rel" => ast::AtomSemantics::AcquireRelease
 }
 
-AtomSpace: ast::AtomSpace = {
-    ".global" => ast::AtomSpace::Global,
-    ".shared" => ast::AtomSpace::Shared
+AtomSpace: ast::StateSpace = {
+    ".global" => ast::StateSpace::Global,
+    ".shared" => ast::StateSpace::Shared
 }
 
 AtomBitOp: ast::AtomBitOp = {
@@ -1544,19 +1565,19 @@ AtomSIntOp: ast::AtomSIntOp = {
     ".max" => ast::AtomSIntOp::Max,
 }
 
-BitType: ast::BitType = {
-    ".b32" => ast::BitType::B32,
-    ".b64" => ast::BitType::B64,
+BitType: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".b32" => ast::ScalarType::B32,
+    ".b64" => ast::ScalarType::B64,
 }
 
-UIntType3264: ast::UIntType = {
-    ".u32" => ast::UIntType::U32,
-    ".u64" => ast::UIntType::U64,
+UIntType3264: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".u32" => ast::ScalarType::U32,
+    ".u64" => ast::ScalarType::U64,
 }
 
-SIntType3264: ast::SIntType = {
-    ".s32" => ast::SIntType::S32,
-    ".s64" => ast::SIntType::S64,
+SIntType3264: ast::ScalarType = {
+    ".s32" => ast::ScalarType::S32,
+    ".s64" => ast::ScalarType::S64,
 }
 
 // https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#floating-point-instructions-div
@@ -1566,7 +1587,7 @@ InstDiv: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "div" <t:SIntType> <a:Arg3> => ast::Instruction::Div(ast::DivDetails::Signed(t), a),
     "div" <kind:DivFloatKind> <ftz:".ftz"?> ".f32" <a:Arg3> => {
         let inner = ast::DivFloatDetails {
-            typ: ast::FloatType::F32,
+            typ: ast::ScalarType::F32,
             flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
             kind
         };
@@ -1574,7 +1595,7 @@ InstDiv: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     },
     "div" <rnd:RoundingModeFloat> ".f64" <a:Arg3> => {
         let inner = ast::DivFloatDetails {
-            typ: ast::FloatType::F64,
+            typ: ast::ScalarType::F64,
             flush_to_zero: None,
             kind: ast::DivFloatKind::Rounding(rnd)
         };
@@ -1592,7 +1613,7 @@ DivFloatKind: ast::DivFloatKind = {
 InstSqrt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "sqrt" ".approx" <ftz:".ftz"?> ".f32" <a:Arg2> => {
         let details = ast::SqrtDetails {
-            typ: ast::FloatType::F32,
+            typ: ast::ScalarType::F32,
             flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
             kind: ast::SqrtKind::Approx,
         };
@@ -1600,7 +1621,7 @@ InstSqrt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     },
     "sqrt" <rnd:RoundingModeFloat> <ftz:".ftz"?> ".f32" <a:Arg2> => {
         let details = ast::SqrtDetails {
-            typ: ast::FloatType::F32,
+            typ: ast::ScalarType::F32,
             flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
             kind: ast::SqrtKind::Rounding(rnd),
         };
@@ -1608,7 +1629,7 @@ InstSqrt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     },
     "sqrt" <rnd:RoundingModeFloat> ".f64" <a:Arg2> => {
         let details = ast::SqrtDetails {
-            typ: ast::FloatType::F64,
+            typ: ast::ScalarType::F64,
             flush_to_zero: None,
             kind: ast::SqrtKind::Rounding(rnd),
         };
@@ -1621,14 +1642,14 @@ InstSqrt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
 InstRsqrt: ast::Instruction<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>> = {
     "rsqrt" ".approx" <ftz:".ftz"?> ".f32" <a:Arg2> => {
         let details = ast::RsqrtDetails {
-            typ: ast::FloatType::F32,
+            typ: ast::ScalarType::F32,
             flush_to_zero: ftz.is_some(),
         };
         ast::Instruction::Rsqrt(details, a)
     },
     "rsqrt" ".approx" <ftz:".ftz"?> ".f64" <a:Arg2> => {
         let details = ast::RsqrtDetails {
-            typ: ast::FloatType::F64,
+            typ: ast::ScalarType::F64,
             flush_to_zero: ftz.is_some(),
         };
         ast::Instruction::Rsqrt(details, a)
@@ -1739,7 +1760,7 @@ ArithDetails: ast::ArithDetails = {
         saturate: false,
     }),
     ".sat" ".s32" => ast::ArithDetails::Signed(ast::ArithSInt {
-        typ: ast::SIntType::S32,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::S32,
         saturate: true,
     }),
     <f:ArithFloat> => ast::ArithDetails::Float(f)
@@ -1747,25 +1768,25 @@ ArithDetails: ast::ArithDetails = {
 
 ArithFloat: ast::ArithFloat = {
     <rn:RoundingModeFloat?> <ftz:".ftz"?> <sat:".sat"?> ".f32" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F32,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F32,
         rounding: rn,
         flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
         saturate: sat.is_some(),
     },
     <rn:RoundingModeFloat?> ".f64" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F64,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F64,
         rounding: rn,
         flush_to_zero: None,
         saturate: false,
     },
     <rn:".rn"?> <ftz:".ftz"?> <sat:".sat"?> ".f16" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F16,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F16,
         rounding: rn.map(|_| ast::RoundingMode::NearestEven),
         flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
         saturate: sat.is_some(),
     },
     <rn:".rn"?> <ftz:".ftz"?> <sat:".sat"?> ".f16x2" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F16x2,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F16x2,
         rounding: rn.map(|_| ast::RoundingMode::NearestEven),
         flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
         saturate: sat.is_some(),
@@ -1774,25 +1795,25 @@ ArithFloat: ast::ArithFloat = {
 
 ArithFloatMustRound: ast::ArithFloat = {
     <rn:RoundingModeFloat> <ftz:".ftz"?> <sat:".sat"?> ".f32" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F32,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F32,
         rounding: Some(rn),
         flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
         saturate: sat.is_some(),
     },
     <rn:RoundingModeFloat> ".f64" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F64,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F64,
         rounding: Some(rn),
         flush_to_zero: None,
         saturate: false,
     },
     ".rn" <ftz:".ftz"?> <sat:".sat"?> ".f16" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F16,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F16,
         rounding: Some(ast::RoundingMode::NearestEven),
         flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
         saturate: sat.is_some(),
     },
     ".rn" <ftz:".ftz"?> <sat:".sat"?> ".f16x2" => ast::ArithFloat {
-        typ: ast::FloatType::F16x2,
+        typ: ast::ScalarType::F16x2,
         rounding: Some(ast::RoundingMode::NearestEven),
         flush_to_zero: Some(ftz.is_some()),
         saturate: sat.is_some(),
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/and.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/and.spvtxt
index a378602..f66639a 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/and.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/and.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %34
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -39,9 +41,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %uint %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %uint %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %15
+         %41 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %42 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %41 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %42
+         %14 = OpLoad %uint %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %18 = OpLoad %uint %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add.spvtxt
index 3966da6..b4de00a 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add.spvtxt
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
 %_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
      %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
      %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
@@ -49,9 +50,11 @@
          %13 = OpLoad %uint %29 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %13
          %16 = OpLoad %ulong %5
-         %26 = OpIAdd %ulong %16 %ulong_4
-         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %26
-         %15 = OpLoad %uint %30 Aligned 4
+         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %16
+         %51 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %30
+         %52 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %51 %ulong_4
+         %26 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %52
+         %15 = OpLoad %uint %26 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %15
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %7
          %31 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %4
@@ -69,8 +72,10 @@
                OpStore %34 %22 Aligned 4
          %23 = OpLoad %ulong %6
          %24 = OpLoad %uint %8
-         %28 = OpIAdd %ulong %23 %ulong_4_0
-         %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %28
-               OpStore %35 %24 Aligned 4
+         %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %23
+         %56 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %35
+         %57 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %56 %ulong_4_0
+         %28 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %57
+               OpStore %28 %24 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add_float.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add_float.spvtxt
index c2292f1..7d25632 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add_float.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_add_float.spvtxt
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 %_ptr_Function_float = OpTypePointer Function %float
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
   %ulong_4_0 = OpConstant %ulong 4
          %37 = OpFunction %float None %46
          %39 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_float
@@ -54,9 +55,11 @@
          %13 = OpLoad %float %29 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %13
          %16 = OpLoad %ulong %5
-         %26 = OpIAdd %ulong %16 %ulong_4
-         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %26
-         %15 = OpLoad %float %30 Aligned 4
+         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %16
+         %58 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %30
+         %59 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %58 %ulong_4
+         %26 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %59
+         %15 = OpLoad %float %26 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %15
          %17 = OpLoad %float %7
          %31 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_float %4
@@ -74,8 +77,10 @@
                OpStore %34 %22 Aligned 4
          %23 = OpLoad %ulong %6
          %24 = OpLoad %float %8
-         %28 = OpIAdd %ulong %23 %ulong_4_0
-         %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %28
-               OpStore %35 %24 Aligned 4
+         %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %23
+         %60 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %35
+         %61 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %60 %ulong_4_0
+         %28 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %61
+               OpStore %28 %24 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_cas.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_cas.spvtxt
index e1feb0a..7c2f4fa 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_cas.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_cas.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
    %uint_100 = OpConstant %uint 100
      %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
      %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
@@ -45,16 +47,20 @@
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
          %16 = OpLoad %uint %6
-         %24 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %32 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %24
+         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %15
+         %49 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %31
+         %50 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %49 %ulong_4
+         %24 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %50
          %33 = OpCopyObject %uint %16
-         %31 = OpAtomicCompareExchange %uint %32 %uint_1 %uint_0 %uint_0 %uint_100 %33
-         %14 = OpCopyObject %uint %31
+         %32 = OpAtomicCompareExchange %uint %24 %uint_1 %uint_0 %uint_0 %uint_100 %33
+         %14 = OpCopyObject %uint %32
                OpStore %6 %14
          %18 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %27 = OpIAdd %ulong %18 %ulong_4_0
-         %34 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %27
-         %17 = OpLoad %uint %34 Aligned 4
+         %34 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %18
+         %53 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %34
+         %54 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %53 %ulong_4_0
+         %27 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %54
+         %17 = OpLoad %uint %27 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %17
          %19 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %20 = OpLoad %uint %6
@@ -62,8 +68,10 @@
                OpStore %35 %20 Aligned 4
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %22 = OpLoad %uint %7
-         %29 = OpIAdd %ulong %21 %ulong_4_1
-         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %29
-               OpStore %36 %22 Aligned 4
+         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %21
+         %55 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %36
+         %56 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %55 %ulong_4_1
+         %29 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %56
+               OpStore %29 %22 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_inc.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_inc.spvtxt
index 11b4243..4855cd4 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_inc.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/atom_inc.spvtxt
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
          %47 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
                OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
                OpEntryPoint Kernel %1 "atom_inc"
-               OpDecorate %42 LinkageAttributes "__zluda_ptx_impl__atom_relaxed_gpu_global_inc" Import
                OpDecorate %38 LinkageAttributes "__zluda_ptx_impl__atom_relaxed_gpu_generic_inc" Import
+               OpDecorate %42 LinkageAttributes "__zluda_ptx_impl__atom_relaxed_gpu_global_inc" Import
        %void = OpTypeVoid
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
-%_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uint
-         %51 = OpTypeFunction %uint %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
-         %53 = OpTypeFunction %uint %_ptr_Generic_uint %uint
+         %51 = OpTypeFunction %uint %_ptr_Generic_uint %uint
+%_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uint
+         %53 = OpTypeFunction %uint %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %uint
       %ulong = OpTypeInt 64 0
          %55 = OpTypeFunction %void %ulong %ulong
 %_ptr_Function_ulong = OpTypePointer Function %ulong
@@ -25,15 +25,17 @@
    %uint_101 = OpConstant %uint 101
  %uint_101_0 = OpConstant %uint 101
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
-         %42 = OpFunction %uint None %51
-         %44 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint
-         %45 = OpFunctionParameter %uint
-               OpFunctionEnd
-         %38 = OpFunction %uint None %53
+         %38 = OpFunction %uint None %51
          %40 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Generic_uint
          %41 = OpFunctionParameter %uint
                OpFunctionEnd
+         %42 = OpFunction %uint None %53
+         %44 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint
+         %45 = OpFunctionParameter %uint
+               OpFunctionEnd
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %55
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
          %10 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -69,13 +71,17 @@
                OpStore %34 %20 Aligned 4
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %22 = OpLoad %uint %7
-         %28 = OpIAdd %ulong %21 %ulong_4
-         %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %28
-               OpStore %35 %22 Aligned 4
+         %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %21
+         %60 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %35
+         %61 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %60 %ulong_4
+         %28 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %61
+               OpStore %28 %22 Aligned 4
          %23 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %24 = OpLoad %uint %8
-         %30 = OpIAdd %ulong %23 %ulong_8
-         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %30
-               OpStore %36 %24 Aligned 4
+         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %23
+         %62 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %36
+         %63 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %62 %ulong_8
+         %30 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %63
+               OpStore %30 %24 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfe.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfe.spvtxt
index 535ede9..0001808 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfe.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfe.spvtxt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
          %34 = OpFunction %uint None %43
          %36 = OpFunctionParameter %uint
@@ -48,14 +50,18 @@
          %13 = OpLoad %uint %29 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %13
          %16 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %26 = OpIAdd %ulong %16 %ulong_4
-         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %26
-         %15 = OpLoad %uint %30 Aligned 4
+         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %16
+         %51 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %30
+         %52 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %51 %ulong_4
+         %26 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %52
+         %15 = OpLoad %uint %26 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %15
          %18 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %28 = OpIAdd %ulong %18 %ulong_8
-         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %28
-         %17 = OpLoad %uint %31 Aligned 4
+         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %18
+         %53 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %31
+         %54 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %53 %ulong_8
+         %28 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %54
+         %17 = OpLoad %uint %28 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %17
          %20 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %21 = OpLoad %uint %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfi.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfi.spvtxt
index a226f78..1979939 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfi.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/bfi.spvtxt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
    %ulong_12 = OpConstant %ulong 12
          %44 = OpFunction %uint None %54
@@ -51,19 +53,25 @@
          %14 = OpLoad %uint %35 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %30 = OpIAdd %ulong %17 %ulong_4
-         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %30
-         %16 = OpLoad %uint %36 Aligned 4
+         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %17
+         %62 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %36
+         %63 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %62 %ulong_4
+         %30 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %63
+         %16 = OpLoad %uint %30 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %16
          %19 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %32 = OpIAdd %ulong %19 %ulong_8
-         %37 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %32
-         %18 = OpLoad %uint %37 Aligned 4
+         %37 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %19
+         %64 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %37
+         %65 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %64 %ulong_8
+         %32 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %65
+         %18 = OpLoad %uint %32 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %18
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %34 = OpIAdd %ulong %21 %ulong_12
-         %38 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %34
-         %20 = OpLoad %uint %38 Aligned 4
+         %38 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %21
+         %66 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38
+         %67 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %66 %ulong_12
+         %34 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %67
+         %20 = OpLoad %uint %34 Aligned 4
                OpStore %9 %20
          %23 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %24 = OpLoad %uint %7
@@ -71,7 +79,7 @@
          %26 = OpLoad %uint %9
          %40 = OpCopyObject %uint %23
          %41 = OpCopyObject %uint %24
-         %39 = OpFunctionCall %uint %44 %41 %40 %25 %26
+         %39 = OpFunctionCall %uint %44 %40 %41 %25 %26
          %22 = OpCopyObject %uint %39
                OpStore %6 %22
          %27 = OpLoad %ulong %5
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/call.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/call.spvtxt
index 5473234..6929b1e 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/call.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/call.spvtxt
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
          %23 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %10
          %24 = OpCopyObject %ulong %18
                OpStore %23 %24 Aligned 8
-         %43 = OpFunctionCall %void %1 %11 %10
+         %43 = OpFunctionCall %void %1 %10 %11
          %19 = OpLoad %ulong %11 Aligned 8
                OpStore %9 %19
          %20 = OpLoad %ulong %8
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %44
-         %27 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Function_ulong
          %28 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Function_ulong
+         %27 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Function_ulong
          %35 = OpLabel
          %29 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
          %30 = OpLoad %ulong %28 Aligned 8
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rni.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rni.spvtxt
index 288a939..e10999c 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rni.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rni.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_float = OpTypePointer Function %float
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
   %ulong_4_0 = OpConstant %ulong 4
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %37
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -40,9 +42,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %float %28 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %25 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %29 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %25
-         %14 = OpLoad %float %29 Aligned 4
+         %29 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %15
+         %44 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %29
+         %45 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %44 %ulong_4
+         %25 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %45
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %25 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %float %6
          %16 = OpExtInst %float %34 rint %17
@@ -56,8 +60,10 @@
                OpStore %30 %21 Aligned 4
          %22 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %23 = OpLoad %float %7
-         %27 = OpIAdd %ulong %22 %ulong_4_0
-         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %27
-               OpStore %31 %23 Aligned 4
+         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %22
+         %46 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %31
+         %47 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %46 %ulong_4_0
+         %27 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %47
+               OpStore %27 %23 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rzi.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rzi.spvtxt
index 68c12c6..7dda454 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rzi.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_rzi.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_float = OpTypePointer Function %float
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
   %ulong_4_0 = OpConstant %ulong 4
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %37
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -40,9 +42,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %float %28 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %25 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %29 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %25
-         %14 = OpLoad %float %29 Aligned 4
+         %29 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %15
+         %44 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %29
+         %45 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %44 %ulong_4
+         %25 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %45
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %25 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %float %6
          %16 = OpExtInst %float %34 trunc %17
@@ -56,8 +60,10 @@
                OpStore %30 %21 Aligned 4
          %22 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %23 = OpLoad %float %7
-         %27 = OpIAdd %ulong %22 %ulong_4_0
-         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %27
-               OpStore %31 %23 Aligned 4
+         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %22
+         %46 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %31
+         %47 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %46 %ulong_4_0
+         %27 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %47
+               OpStore %27 %23 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_s32_f32.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_s32_f32.spvtxt
index d9ae053..c1229d4 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_s32_f32.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/cvt_s32_f32.spvtxt
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@
       %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uint
   %ulong_4_0 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+%_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %45
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -45,10 +48,12 @@
          %12 = OpBitcast %uint %28
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %25 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %25
-         %30 = OpLoad %float %31 Aligned 4
-         %14 = OpBitcast %uint %30
+         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %15
+         %53 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %30
+         %54 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %53 %ulong_4
+         %25 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %54
+         %31 = OpLoad %float %25 Aligned 4
+         %14 = OpBitcast %uint %31
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %33 = OpBitcast %float %17
@@ -67,9 +72,11 @@
                OpStore %36 %37 Aligned 4
          %22 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %23 = OpLoad %uint %7
-         %27 = OpIAdd %ulong %22 %ulong_4_0
-         %38 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %27
+         %38 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %22
+         %57 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %38
+         %58 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %57 %ulong_4_0
+         %27 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %58
          %39 = OpCopyObject %uint %23
-               OpStore %38 %39 Aligned 4
+               OpStore %27 %39 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/div_approx.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/div_approx.spvtxt
index 274f73e..858ec8d 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/div_approx.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/div_approx.spvtxt
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_float = OpTypePointer Function %float
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %31
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -40,9 +42,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %float %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %float %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %15
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %39 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %39
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %float %6
          %18 = OpLoad %float %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared.spvtxt
index fb2987e..13587d5 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared.spvtxt
@@ -7,37 +7,30 @@
                OpCapability Int64
                OpCapability Float16
                OpCapability Float64
-         %30 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
+         %27 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
                OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
                OpEntryPoint Kernel %2 "extern_shared" %1
        %void = OpTypeVoid
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
 %_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
-%_ptr_Workgroup__ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %_ptr_Workgroup_uint
-          %1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup__ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+          %1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
       %ulong = OpTypeInt 64 0
       %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
 %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uchar
-         %38 = OpTypeFunction %void %ulong %ulong %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-%_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Function %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %34 = OpTypeFunction %void %ulong %ulong %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
 %_ptr_Function_ulong = OpTypePointer Function %ulong
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %ulong
-%_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Function %_ptr_Workgroup_uint
 %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer Workgroup %ulong
-          %2 = OpFunction %void None %38
+          %2 = OpFunction %void None %34
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
-         %26 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-         %39 = OpLabel
-         %27 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uchar Function
+         %24 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %22 = OpLabel
           %3 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %4 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %5 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %6 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %7 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-               OpStore %27 %26
-               OpBranch %24
-         %24 = OpLabel
                OpStore %3 %8
                OpStore %4 %9
          %10 = OpLoad %ulong %3 Aligned 8
@@ -45,22 +38,20 @@
          %11 = OpLoad %ulong %4 Aligned 8
                OpStore %6 %11
          %13 = OpLoad %ulong %5
-         %20 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %13
-         %12 = OpLoad %ulong %20 Aligned 8
+         %18 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %13
+         %12 = OpLoad %ulong %18 Aligned 8
                OpStore %7 %12
-         %28 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint %27
-         %14 = OpLoad %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %28
-         %15 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %21 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %14
-               OpStore %21 %15 Aligned 8
-         %29 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint %27
-         %17 = OpLoad %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %29
-         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %17
-         %16 = OpLoad %ulong %22 Aligned 8
-               OpStore %7 %16
-         %18 = OpLoad %ulong %6
-         %19 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %23 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %18
-               OpStore %23 %19 Aligned 8
+         %14 = OpLoad %ulong %7
+         %25 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %24
+         %19 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %25
+               OpStore %19 %14 Aligned 8
+         %26 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %24
+         %20 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %26
+         %15 = OpLoad %ulong %20 Aligned 8
+               OpStore %7 %15
+         %16 = OpLoad %ulong %6
+         %17 = OpLoad %ulong %7
+         %21 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %16
+               OpStore %21 %17 Aligned 8
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared_call.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared_call.spvtxt
index 7043172..5af7168 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared_call.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/extern_shared_call.spvtxt
@@ -7,87 +7,72 @@
                OpCapability Int64
                OpCapability Float16
                OpCapability Float64
-         %46 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
+         %40 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
                OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
-               OpEntryPoint Kernel %14 "extern_shared_call" %1
+               OpEntryPoint Kernel %12 "extern_shared_call" %1
                OpDecorate %1 Alignment 4
        %void = OpTypeVoid
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
 %_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
-%_ptr_Workgroup__ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %_ptr_Workgroup_uint
-          %1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup__ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+          %1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
       %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
 %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uchar
-         %53 = OpTypeFunction %void %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-%_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Function %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %46 = OpTypeFunction %void %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
       %ulong = OpTypeInt 64 0
 %_ptr_Function_ulong = OpTypePointer Function %ulong
-%_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Function %_ptr_Workgroup_uint
 %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer Workgroup %ulong
     %ulong_2 = OpConstant %ulong 2
-         %60 = OpTypeFunction %void %ulong %ulong %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %50 = OpTypeFunction %void %ulong %ulong %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %ulong
-          %2 = OpFunction %void None %53
-         %38 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-         %54 = OpLabel
-         %39 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uchar Function
+          %2 = OpFunction %void None %46
+         %34 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %11 = OpLabel
           %3 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-               OpStore %39 %38
-               OpBranch %13
-         %13 = OpLabel
-         %40 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint %39
-          %5 = OpLoad %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %40
-         %11 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %5
-          %4 = OpLoad %ulong %11 Aligned 8
+         %35 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %34
+          %9 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %35
+          %4 = OpLoad %ulong %9 Aligned 8
                OpStore %3 %4
+          %6 = OpLoad %ulong %3
+          %5 = OpIAdd %ulong %6 %ulong_2
+               OpStore %3 %5
           %7 = OpLoad %ulong %3
-          %6 = OpIAdd %ulong %7 %ulong_2
-               OpStore %3 %6
-         %41 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint %39
-          %8 = OpLoad %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %41
-          %9 = OpLoad %ulong %3
-         %12 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %8
-               OpStore %12 %9 Aligned 8
+         %36 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %34
+         %10 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %36
+               OpStore %10 %7 Aligned 8
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
-         %14 = OpFunction %void None %60
-         %20 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
-         %21 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
-         %42 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-         %61 = OpLabel
-         %43 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uchar Function
+         %12 = OpFunction %void None %50
+         %18 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
+         %19 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
+         %37 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %32 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
+         %14 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
          %15 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
          %16 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
          %17 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-         %18 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-         %19 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-               OpStore %43 %42
-               OpBranch %36
-         %36 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %13 %18
+               OpStore %14 %19
+         %20 = OpLoad %ulong %13 Aligned 8
                OpStore %15 %20
+         %21 = OpLoad %ulong %14 Aligned 8
                OpStore %16 %21
-         %22 = OpLoad %ulong %15 Aligned 8
+         %23 = OpLoad %ulong %15
+         %28 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %23
+         %22 = OpLoad %ulong %28 Aligned 8
                OpStore %17 %22
-         %23 = OpLoad %ulong %16 Aligned 8
-               OpStore %18 %23
-         %25 = OpLoad %ulong %17
-         %32 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %25
-         %24 = OpLoad %ulong %32 Aligned 8
-               OpStore %19 %24
-         %44 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint %43
-         %26 = OpLoad %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %44
-         %27 = OpLoad %ulong %19
-         %33 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %26
-               OpStore %33 %27 Aligned 8
-         %63 = OpFunctionCall %void %2 %42
-         %45 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uint %43
-         %29 = OpLoad %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %45
-         %34 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %29
-         %28 = OpLoad %ulong %34 Aligned 8
-               OpStore %19 %28
-         %30 = OpLoad %ulong %18
-         %31 = OpLoad %ulong %19
-         %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %30
-               OpStore %35 %31 Aligned 8
+         %24 = OpLoad %ulong %17
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %37
+         %29 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %38
+               OpStore %29 %24 Aligned 8
+         %52 = OpFunctionCall %void %2 %37
+         %39 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uint %37
+         %30 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %39
+         %25 = OpLoad %ulong %30 Aligned 8
+               OpStore %17 %25
+         %26 = OpLoad %ulong %16
+         %27 = OpLoad %ulong %17
+         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %26
+               OpStore %31 %27 Aligned 8
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/fma.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/fma.spvtxt
index 300a328..8cc0e16 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/fma.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/fma.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_float = OpTypePointer Function %float
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %38
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -41,14 +43,18 @@
          %13 = OpLoad %float %29 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %13
          %16 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %26 = OpIAdd %ulong %16 %ulong_4
-         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %26
-         %15 = OpLoad %float %30 Aligned 4
+         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %16
+         %45 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %30
+         %46 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %45 %ulong_4
+         %26 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %46
+         %15 = OpLoad %float %26 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %15
          %18 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %28 = OpIAdd %ulong %18 %ulong_8
-         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %28
-         %17 = OpLoad %float %31 Aligned 4
+         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %18
+         %47 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %31
+         %48 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %47 %ulong_8
+         %28 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %48
+         %17 = OpLoad %float %28 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %17
          %20 = OpLoad %float %6
          %21 = OpLoad %float %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/ld_st_offset.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/ld_st_offset.spvtxt
index 5e314a0..ea97222 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/ld_st_offset.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/ld_st_offset.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
   %ulong_4_0 = OpConstant %ulong 4
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %33
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -40,9 +42,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %uint %24 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %21 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %21
-         %14 = OpLoad %uint %25 Aligned 4
+         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %15
+         %40 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %25
+         %41 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %40 %ulong_4
+         %21 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %41
+         %14 = OpLoad %uint %21 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %16 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %7
@@ -50,8 +54,10 @@
                OpStore %26 %17 Aligned 4
          %18 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %19 = OpLoad %uint %6
-         %23 = OpIAdd %ulong %18 %ulong_4_0
-         %27 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %23
-               OpStore %27 %19 Aligned 4
+         %27 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %18
+         %42 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %27
+         %43 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %42 %ulong_4_0
+         %23 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %43
+               OpStore %23 %19 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mad_s32.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mad_s32.spvtxt
index bb44af0..0ee3ca7 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mad_s32.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mad_s32.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
   %ulong_4_0 = OpConstant %ulong 4
   %ulong_8_0 = OpConstant %ulong 8
@@ -44,20 +46,24 @@
          %14 = OpLoad %uint %38 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %31 = OpIAdd %ulong %17 %ulong_4
-         %39 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %31
-         %16 = OpLoad %uint %39 Aligned 4
+         %39 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %17
+         %56 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %39
+         %57 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %56 %ulong_4
+         %31 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %57
+         %16 = OpLoad %uint %31 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %16
          %19 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %33 = OpIAdd %ulong %19 %ulong_8
-         %40 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %33
-         %18 = OpLoad %uint %40 Aligned 4
+         %40 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %19
+         %58 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %40
+         %59 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %58 %ulong_8
+         %33 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %59
+         %18 = OpLoad %uint %33 Aligned 4
                OpStore %9 %18
          %21 = OpLoad %uint %7
          %22 = OpLoad %uint %8
          %23 = OpLoad %uint %9
-         %54 = OpIMul %uint %21 %22
-         %20 = OpIAdd %uint %23 %54
+         %60 = OpIMul %uint %21 %22
+         %20 = OpIAdd %uint %23 %60
                OpStore %6 %20
          %24 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %25 = OpLoad %uint %6
@@ -65,13 +71,17 @@
                OpStore %41 %25 Aligned 4
          %26 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %27 = OpLoad %uint %6
-         %35 = OpIAdd %ulong %26 %ulong_4_0
-         %42 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %35
-               OpStore %42 %27 Aligned 4
+         %42 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %26
+         %61 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %42
+         %62 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %61 %ulong_4_0
+         %35 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %62
+               OpStore %35 %27 Aligned 4
          %28 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %29 = OpLoad %uint %6
-         %37 = OpIAdd %ulong %28 %ulong_8_0
-         %43 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %37
-               OpStore %43 %29 Aligned 4
+         %43 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %28
+         %63 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %43
+         %64 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %63 %ulong_8_0
+         %37 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %64
+               OpStore %37 %29 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/max.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/max.spvtxt
index d3ffa2f..86b732a 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/max.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/max.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %31
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -39,9 +41,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %uint %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %uint %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %15
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %39 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %39
+         %14 = OpLoad %uint %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %18 = OpLoad %uint %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/min.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/min.spvtxt
index de2e35e..a187376 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/min.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/min.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %31
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -39,9 +41,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %uint %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %uint %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %15
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %39 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %39
+         %14 = OpLoad %uint %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %18 = OpLoad %uint %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_ftz.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_ftz.spvtxt
index ed268fb..e7a4a56 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_ftz.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_ftz.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_float = OpTypePointer Function %float
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %31
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -39,9 +41,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %float %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %float %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %15
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %39 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %39
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %float %6
          %18 = OpLoad %float %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_non_ftz.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_non_ftz.spvtxt
index 436aca1..5326baa 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_non_ftz.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_non_ftz.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_float = OpTypePointer Function %float
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %31
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -39,9 +41,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %float %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %float %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %15
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %39 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %39
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %float %6
          %18 = OpLoad %float %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_wide.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_wide.spvtxt
index 7ac81cf..e96a964 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_wide.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/mul_wide.spvtxt
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
- %_struct_38 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uchar
+ %_struct_42 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint
      %v2uint = OpTypeVector %uint 2
 %_ptr_Generic_ulong = OpTypePointer Generic %ulong
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %33
@@ -43,17 +45,19 @@
          %13 = OpLoad %uint %24 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %13
          %16 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %23 = OpIAdd %ulong %16 %ulong_4
-         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %23
-         %15 = OpLoad %uint %25 Aligned 4
+         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %16
+         %40 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %25
+         %41 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %40 %ulong_4
+         %23 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uint %41
+         %15 = OpLoad %uint %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %15
          %18 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %19 = OpLoad %uint %7
-         %39 = OpSMulExtended %_struct_38 %18 %19
-         %40 = OpCompositeExtract %uint %39 0
-         %41 = OpCompositeExtract %uint %39 1
-         %43 = OpCompositeConstruct %v2uint %40 %41
-         %17 = OpBitcast %ulong %43
+         %43 = OpSMulExtended %_struct_42 %18 %19
+         %44 = OpCompositeExtract %uint %43 0
+         %45 = OpCompositeExtract %uint %43 1
+         %47 = OpCompositeConstruct %v2uint %44 %45
+         %17 = OpBitcast %ulong %47
                OpStore %8 %17
          %20 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %8
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/or.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/or.spvtxt
index fef3f40..82db00c 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/or.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/or.spvtxt
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_ulong = OpTypePointer Function %ulong
 %_ptr_Generic_ulong = OpTypePointer Generic %ulong
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %34
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -37,9 +39,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %ulong %23 Aligned 8
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_8
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ulong %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %ulong %24 Aligned 8
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ulong %15
+         %39 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %40 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %39 %ulong_8
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ulong %40
+         %14 = OpLoad %ulong %22 Aligned 8
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %ulong %6
          %18 = OpLoad %ulong %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/pred_not.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/pred_not.spvtxt
index 18fde05..644731b 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/pred_not.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/pred_not.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_bool = OpTypePointer Function %bool
 %_ptr_Generic_ulong = OpTypePointer Generic %ulong
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
        %true = OpConstantTrue %bool
       %false = OpConstantFalse %bool
     %ulong_1 = OpConstant %ulong 1
@@ -45,9 +47,11 @@
          %18 = OpLoad %ulong %37 Aligned 8
                OpStore %6 %18
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %34 = OpIAdd %ulong %21 %ulong_8
-         %38 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ulong %34
-         %20 = OpLoad %ulong %38 Aligned 8
+         %38 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ulong %21
+         %52 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38
+         %53 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %52 %ulong_8
+         %34 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ulong %53
+         %20 = OpLoad %ulong %34 Aligned 8
                OpStore %7 %20
          %23 = OpLoad %ulong %6
          %24 = OpLoad %ulong %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/reg_local.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/reg_local.spvtxt
index 7bb5bd9..a0b957a 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/reg_local.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/reg_local.spvtxt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     %ulong_0 = OpConstant %ulong 0
 %_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
   %ulong_0_0 = OpConstant %ulong 0
+%_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %37
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -48,10 +49,10 @@
          %12 = OpCopyObject %ulong %24
                OpStore %7 %12
          %14 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %26 = OpCopyObject %ulong %14
-         %19 = OpIAdd %ulong %26 %ulong_1
-         %27 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ulong %4
-               OpStore %27 %19 Aligned 8
+         %19 = OpIAdd %ulong %14 %ulong_1
+         %26 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ulong %4
+         %27 = OpCopyObject %ulong %19
+               OpStore %26 %27 Aligned 8
          %28 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ulong %4
          %47 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %28
          %48 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %47 %ulong_0
@@ -61,9 +62,11 @@
                OpStore %7 %15
          %16 = OpLoad %ulong %6
          %17 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %23 = OpIAdd %ulong %16 %ulong_0_0
-         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %23
+         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %16
+         %50 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %30
+         %51 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %50 %ulong_0_0
+         %23 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %51
          %31 = OpCopyObject %ulong %17
-               OpStore %30 %31 Aligned 8
+               OpStore %23 %31 Aligned 8
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/rem.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/rem.spvtxt
index ce1d3e6..2184523 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/rem.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/rem.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %31
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -39,9 +41,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %uint %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %uint %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %15
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %39 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %39
+         %14 = OpLoad %uint %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %18 = OpLoad %uint %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp.spvtxt
index 9798758..40c0bce 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_ushort = OpTypePointer Function %ushort
 %_ptr_Generic_ushort = OpTypePointer Generic %ushort
     %ulong_2 = OpConstant %ulong 2
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
        %bool = OpTypeBool
       %false = OpConstantFalse %bool
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %32
@@ -41,9 +43,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %ushort %24 Aligned 2
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_2
-         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ushort %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %ushort %25 Aligned 2
+         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ushort %15
+         %39 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %25
+         %40 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %39 %ulong_2
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ushort %40
+         %14 = OpLoad %ushort %22 Aligned 2
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %ushort %6
          %18 = OpLoad %ushort %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp_true.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp_true.spvtxt
index f7038e0..81b3b5f 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp_true.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/selp_true.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_ushort = OpTypePointer Function %ushort
 %_ptr_Generic_ushort = OpTypePointer Generic %ushort
     %ulong_2 = OpConstant %ulong 2
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
        %bool = OpTypeBool
        %true = OpConstantTrue %bool
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %32
@@ -41,9 +43,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %ushort %24 Aligned 2
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_2
-         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ushort %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %ushort %25 Aligned 2
+         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ushort %15
+         %39 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %25
+         %40 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %39 %ulong_2
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ushort %40
+         %14 = OpLoad %ushort %22 Aligned 2
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %ushort %6
          %18 = OpLoad %ushort %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp.spvtxt
index c3129e3..5868881 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_bool = OpTypePointer Function %bool
 %_ptr_Generic_ulong = OpTypePointer Generic %ulong
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_1 = OpConstant %ulong 1
     %ulong_2 = OpConstant %ulong 2
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %43
@@ -43,9 +45,11 @@
          %18 = OpLoad %ulong %35 Aligned 8
                OpStore %6 %18
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %32 = OpIAdd %ulong %21 %ulong_8
-         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ulong %32
-         %20 = OpLoad %ulong %36 Aligned 8
+         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_ulong %21
+         %50 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %36
+         %51 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %50 %ulong_8
+         %32 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_ulong %51
+         %20 = OpLoad %ulong %32 Aligned 8
                OpStore %7 %20
          %23 = OpLoad %ulong %6
          %24 = OpLoad %ulong %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_gt.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_gt.spvtxt
index 77f6546..e9783f5 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_gt.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_gt.spvtxt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_bool = OpTypePointer Function %bool
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %43
          %14 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
          %15 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -43,9 +45,11 @@
          %18 = OpLoad %float %35 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %18
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %34 = OpIAdd %ulong %21 %ulong_4
-         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %34
-         %20 = OpLoad %float %36 Aligned 4
+         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %21
+         %52 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %36
+         %53 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %52 %ulong_4
+         %34 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %53
+         %20 = OpLoad %float %34 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %20
          %23 = OpLoad %float %6
          %24 = OpLoad %float %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_leu.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_leu.spvtxt
index f80880a..1d2d781 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_leu.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_leu.spvtxt
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_bool = OpTypePointer Function %bool
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %43
          %14 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
          %15 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -43,9 +45,11 @@
          %18 = OpLoad %float %35 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %18
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %34 = OpIAdd %ulong %21 %ulong_4
-         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %34
-         %20 = OpLoad %float %36 Aligned 4
+         %36 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %21
+         %52 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %36
+         %53 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %52 %ulong_4
+         %34 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %53
+         %20 = OpLoad %float %34 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %20
          %23 = OpLoad %float %6
          %24 = OpLoad %float %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_nan.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_nan.spvtxt
index 4a9fe11..2ee333a 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_nan.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_nan.spvtxt
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_bool = OpTypePointer Function %bool
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
    %ulong_12 = OpConstant %ulong 12
    %ulong_16 = OpConstant %ulong 16
@@ -69,45 +71,59 @@
          %36 = OpLoad %float %116 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %36
          %39 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %89 = OpIAdd %ulong %39 %ulong_4
-        %117 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %89
-         %38 = OpLoad %float %117 Aligned 4
+        %117 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %39
+        %144 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %117
+        %145 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %144 %ulong_4
+         %89 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %145
+         %38 = OpLoad %float %89 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %38
          %41 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %91 = OpIAdd %ulong %41 %ulong_8
-        %118 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %91
-         %40 = OpLoad %float %118 Aligned 4
+        %118 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %41
+        %146 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %118
+        %147 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %146 %ulong_8
+         %91 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %147
+         %40 = OpLoad %float %91 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %40
          %43 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %93 = OpIAdd %ulong %43 %ulong_12
-        %119 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %93
-         %42 = OpLoad %float %119 Aligned 4
+        %119 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %43
+        %148 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %119
+        %149 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %148 %ulong_12
+         %93 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %149
+         %42 = OpLoad %float %93 Aligned 4
                OpStore %9 %42
          %45 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %95 = OpIAdd %ulong %45 %ulong_16
-        %120 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %95
-         %44 = OpLoad %float %120 Aligned 4
+        %120 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %45
+        %150 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %120
+        %151 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %150 %ulong_16
+         %95 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %151
+         %44 = OpLoad %float %95 Aligned 4
                OpStore %10 %44
          %47 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %97 = OpIAdd %ulong %47 %ulong_20
-        %121 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %97
-         %46 = OpLoad %float %121 Aligned 4
+        %121 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %47
+        %152 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %121
+        %153 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %152 %ulong_20
+         %97 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %153
+         %46 = OpLoad %float %97 Aligned 4
                OpStore %11 %46
          %49 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %99 = OpIAdd %ulong %49 %ulong_24
-        %122 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %99
-         %48 = OpLoad %float %122 Aligned 4
+        %122 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %49
+        %154 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %122
+        %155 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %154 %ulong_24
+         %99 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %155
+         %48 = OpLoad %float %99 Aligned 4
                OpStore %12 %48
          %51 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-        %101 = OpIAdd %ulong %51 %ulong_28
-        %123 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %101
-         %50 = OpLoad %float %123 Aligned 4
+        %123 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %51
+        %156 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %123
+        %157 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %156 %ulong_28
+        %101 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %157
+         %50 = OpLoad %float %101 Aligned 4
                OpStore %13 %50
          %53 = OpLoad %float %6
          %54 = OpLoad %float %7
-        %142 = OpIsNan %bool %53
-        %143 = OpIsNan %bool %54
-         %52 = OpLogicalOr %bool %142 %143
+        %158 = OpIsNan %bool %53
+        %159 = OpIsNan %bool %54
+         %52 = OpLogicalOr %bool %158 %159
                OpStore %15 %52
          %55 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %55 %16 %17
@@ -129,9 +145,9 @@
                OpStore %124 %60 Aligned 4
          %62 = OpLoad %float %8
          %63 = OpLoad %float %9
-        %145 = OpIsNan %bool %62
-        %146 = OpIsNan %bool %63
-         %61 = OpLogicalOr %bool %145 %146
+        %161 = OpIsNan %bool %62
+        %162 = OpIsNan %bool %63
+         %61 = OpLogicalOr %bool %161 %162
                OpStore %15 %61
          %64 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %64 %20 %21
@@ -149,14 +165,16 @@
          %23 = OpLabel
          %68 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %69 = OpLoad %uint %14
-        %107 = OpIAdd %ulong %68 %ulong_4_0
-        %125 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %107
-               OpStore %125 %69 Aligned 4
+        %125 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %68
+        %163 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %125
+        %164 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %163 %ulong_4_0
+        %107 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %164
+               OpStore %107 %69 Aligned 4
          %71 = OpLoad %float %10
          %72 = OpLoad %float %11
-        %147 = OpIsNan %bool %71
-        %148 = OpIsNan %bool %72
-         %70 = OpLogicalOr %bool %147 %148
+        %165 = OpIsNan %bool %71
+        %166 = OpIsNan %bool %72
+         %70 = OpLogicalOr %bool %165 %166
                OpStore %15 %70
          %73 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %73 %24 %25
@@ -174,14 +192,16 @@
          %27 = OpLabel
          %77 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %78 = OpLoad %uint %14
-        %111 = OpIAdd %ulong %77 %ulong_8_0
-        %126 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %111
-               OpStore %126 %78 Aligned 4
+        %126 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %77
+        %167 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %126
+        %168 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %167 %ulong_8_0
+        %111 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %168
+               OpStore %111 %78 Aligned 4
          %80 = OpLoad %float %12
          %81 = OpLoad %float %13
-        %149 = OpIsNan %bool %80
-        %150 = OpIsNan %bool %81
-         %79 = OpLogicalOr %bool %149 %150
+        %169 = OpIsNan %bool %80
+        %170 = OpIsNan %bool %81
+         %79 = OpLogicalOr %bool %169 %170
                OpStore %15 %79
          %82 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %82 %28 %29
@@ -199,8 +219,10 @@
          %31 = OpLabel
          %86 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %87 = OpLoad %uint %14
-        %115 = OpIAdd %ulong %86 %ulong_12_0
-        %127 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %115
-               OpStore %127 %87 Aligned 4
+        %127 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %86
+        %171 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %127
+        %172 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %171 %ulong_12_0
+        %115 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %172
+               OpStore %115 %87 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_num.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_num.spvtxt
index 3ac6eab..c576a50 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_num.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/setp_num.spvtxt
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_bool = OpTypePointer Function %bool
 %_ptr_Generic_float = OpTypePointer Generic %float
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
     %ulong_8 = OpConstant %ulong 8
    %ulong_12 = OpConstant %ulong 12
    %ulong_16 = OpConstant %ulong 16
@@ -77,46 +79,60 @@
          %36 = OpLoad %float %116 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %36
          %39 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %89 = OpIAdd %ulong %39 %ulong_4
-        %117 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %89
-         %38 = OpLoad %float %117 Aligned 4
+        %117 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %39
+        %144 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %117
+        %145 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %144 %ulong_4
+         %89 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %145
+         %38 = OpLoad %float %89 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %38
          %41 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %91 = OpIAdd %ulong %41 %ulong_8
-        %118 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %91
-         %40 = OpLoad %float %118 Aligned 4
+        %118 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %41
+        %146 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %118
+        %147 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %146 %ulong_8
+         %91 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %147
+         %40 = OpLoad %float %91 Aligned 4
                OpStore %8 %40
          %43 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %93 = OpIAdd %ulong %43 %ulong_12
-        %119 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %93
-         %42 = OpLoad %float %119 Aligned 4
+        %119 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %43
+        %148 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %119
+        %149 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %148 %ulong_12
+         %93 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %149
+         %42 = OpLoad %float %93 Aligned 4
                OpStore %9 %42
          %45 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %95 = OpIAdd %ulong %45 %ulong_16
-        %120 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %95
-         %44 = OpLoad %float %120 Aligned 4
+        %120 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %45
+        %150 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %120
+        %151 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %150 %ulong_16
+         %95 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %151
+         %44 = OpLoad %float %95 Aligned 4
                OpStore %10 %44
          %47 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %97 = OpIAdd %ulong %47 %ulong_20
-        %121 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %97
-         %46 = OpLoad %float %121 Aligned 4
+        %121 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %47
+        %152 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %121
+        %153 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %152 %ulong_20
+         %97 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %153
+         %46 = OpLoad %float %97 Aligned 4
                OpStore %11 %46
          %49 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %99 = OpIAdd %ulong %49 %ulong_24
-        %122 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %99
-         %48 = OpLoad %float %122 Aligned 4
+        %122 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %49
+        %154 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %122
+        %155 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %154 %ulong_24
+         %99 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %155
+         %48 = OpLoad %float %99 Aligned 4
                OpStore %12 %48
          %51 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-        %101 = OpIAdd %ulong %51 %ulong_28
-        %123 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %101
-         %50 = OpLoad %float %123 Aligned 4
+        %123 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_float %51
+        %156 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %123
+        %157 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %156 %ulong_28
+        %101 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_float %157
+         %50 = OpLoad %float %101 Aligned 4
                OpStore %13 %50
          %53 = OpLoad %float %6
          %54 = OpLoad %float %7
-        %142 = OpIsNan %bool %53
-        %143 = OpIsNan %bool %54
-        %144 = OpLogicalOr %bool %142 %143
-         %52 = OpSelect %bool %144 %false %true
+        %158 = OpIsNan %bool %53
+        %159 = OpIsNan %bool %54
+        %160 = OpLogicalOr %bool %158 %159
+         %52 = OpSelect %bool %160 %false %true
                OpStore %15 %52
          %55 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %55 %16 %17
@@ -138,10 +154,10 @@
                OpStore %124 %60 Aligned 4
          %62 = OpLoad %float %8
          %63 = OpLoad %float %9
-        %148 = OpIsNan %bool %62
-        %149 = OpIsNan %bool %63
-        %150 = OpLogicalOr %bool %148 %149
-         %61 = OpSelect %bool %150 %false_0 %true_0
+        %164 = OpIsNan %bool %62
+        %165 = OpIsNan %bool %63
+        %166 = OpLogicalOr %bool %164 %165
+         %61 = OpSelect %bool %166 %false_0 %true_0
                OpStore %15 %61
          %64 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %64 %20 %21
@@ -159,15 +175,17 @@
          %23 = OpLabel
          %68 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %69 = OpLoad %uint %14
-        %107 = OpIAdd %ulong %68 %ulong_4_0
-        %125 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %107
-               OpStore %125 %69 Aligned 4
+        %125 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %68
+        %169 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %125
+        %170 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %169 %ulong_4_0
+        %107 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %170
+               OpStore %107 %69 Aligned 4
          %71 = OpLoad %float %10
          %72 = OpLoad %float %11
-        %153 = OpIsNan %bool %71
-        %154 = OpIsNan %bool %72
-        %155 = OpLogicalOr %bool %153 %154
-         %70 = OpSelect %bool %155 %false_1 %true_1
+        %171 = OpIsNan %bool %71
+        %172 = OpIsNan %bool %72
+        %173 = OpLogicalOr %bool %171 %172
+         %70 = OpSelect %bool %173 %false_1 %true_1
                OpStore %15 %70
          %73 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %73 %24 %25
@@ -185,15 +203,17 @@
          %27 = OpLabel
          %77 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %78 = OpLoad %uint %14
-        %111 = OpIAdd %ulong %77 %ulong_8_0
-        %126 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %111
-               OpStore %126 %78 Aligned 4
+        %126 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %77
+        %176 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %126
+        %177 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %176 %ulong_8_0
+        %111 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %177
+               OpStore %111 %78 Aligned 4
          %80 = OpLoad %float %12
          %81 = OpLoad %float %13
-        %158 = OpIsNan %bool %80
-        %159 = OpIsNan %bool %81
-        %160 = OpLogicalOr %bool %158 %159
-         %79 = OpSelect %bool %160 %false_2 %true_2
+        %178 = OpIsNan %bool %80
+        %179 = OpIsNan %bool %81
+        %180 = OpLogicalOr %bool %178 %179
+         %79 = OpSelect %bool %180 %false_2 %true_2
                OpStore %15 %79
          %82 = OpLoad %bool %15
                OpBranchConditional %82 %28 %29
@@ -211,8 +231,10 @@
          %31 = OpLabel
          %86 = OpLoad %ulong %5
          %87 = OpLoad %uint %14
-        %115 = OpIAdd %ulong %86 %ulong_12_0
-        %127 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %115
-               OpStore %127 %87 Aligned 4
+        %127 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %86
+        %183 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %127
+        %184 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %183 %ulong_12_0
+        %115 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %184
+               OpStore %115 %87 Aligned 4
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_32.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_32.spvtxt
index 2ea964c..1b2e3dd 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_32.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_32.spvtxt
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %ulong
 %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer Workgroup %ulong
-     %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+    %ulong_0 = OpConstant %ulong 0
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %40
          %10 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
          %11 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -54,9 +55,11 @@
          %27 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %17
                OpStore %27 %18 Aligned 8
          %20 = OpLoad %uint %7
-         %24 = OpIAdd %uint %20 %uint_0
-         %28 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %24
-         %19 = OpLoad %ulong %28 Aligned 8
+         %28 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %20
+         %46 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar %28
+         %47 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar %46 %ulong_0
+         %24 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %47
+         %19 = OpLoad %ulong %24 Aligned 8
                OpStore %9 %19
          %21 = OpLoad %ulong %6
          %22 = OpLoad %ulong %9
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_take_address.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_take_address.spvtxt
index 19d5a5a..fd4f893 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_take_address.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/shared_ptr_take_address.spvtxt
@@ -7,27 +7,24 @@
                OpCapability Int64
                OpCapability Float16
                OpCapability Float64
-         %33 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
+         %31 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
                OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
                OpEntryPoint Kernel %2 "shared_ptr_take_address" %1
                OpDecorate %1 Alignment 4
        %void = OpTypeVoid
       %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
 %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uchar
-%_ptr_Workgroup__ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Workgroup %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-          %1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup__ptr_Workgroup_uchar Workgroup
+          %1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar Workgroup
       %ulong = OpTypeInt 64 0
-         %39 = OpTypeFunction %void %ulong %ulong %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-%_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Function %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %36 = OpTypeFunction %void %ulong %ulong %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
 %_ptr_Function_ulong = OpTypePointer Function %ulong
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %ulong
 %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer Workgroup %ulong
-          %2 = OpFunction %void None %39
+          %2 = OpFunction %void None %36
          %10 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
          %11 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
-         %31 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
-         %40 = OpLabel
-         %32 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_Workgroup_uchar Function
+         %30 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar
+         %28 = OpLabel
           %3 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %4 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %5 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
@@ -35,34 +32,30 @@
           %7 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %8 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %9 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-               OpStore %32 %31
-               OpBranch %29
-         %29 = OpLabel
                OpStore %3 %10
                OpStore %4 %11
          %12 = OpLoad %ulong %3 Aligned 8
                OpStore %5 %12
          %13 = OpLoad %ulong %4 Aligned 8
                OpStore %6 %13
-         %15 = OpLoad %_ptr_Workgroup_uchar %32
-         %24 = OpConvertPtrToU %ulong %15
-         %14 = OpCopyObject %ulong %24
+         %23 = OpConvertPtrToU %ulong %30
+         %14 = OpCopyObject %ulong %23
                OpStore %7 %14
-         %17 = OpLoad %ulong %5
-         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %17
-         %16 = OpLoad %ulong %25 Aligned 8
-               OpStore %8 %16
-         %18 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %19 = OpLoad %ulong %8
-         %26 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %18
-               OpStore %26 %19 Aligned 8
-         %21 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %27 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %21
-         %20 = OpLoad %ulong %27 Aligned 8
-               OpStore %9 %20
-         %22 = OpLoad %ulong %6
-         %23 = OpLoad %ulong %9
-         %28 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %22
-               OpStore %28 %23 Aligned 8
+         %16 = OpLoad %ulong %5
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %16
+         %15 = OpLoad %ulong %24 Aligned 8
+               OpStore %8 %15
+         %17 = OpLoad %ulong %7
+         %18 = OpLoad %ulong %8
+         %25 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %17
+               OpStore %25 %18 Aligned 8
+         %20 = OpLoad %ulong %7
+         %26 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Workgroup_ulong %20
+         %19 = OpLoad %ulong %26 Aligned 8
+               OpStore %9 %19
+         %21 = OpLoad %ulong %6
+         %22 = OpLoad %ulong %9
+         %27 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %21
+               OpStore %27 %22 Aligned 8
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid.spvtxt
index 33812f6..cf0d86e 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid.spvtxt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
                OpCapability Int64
                OpCapability Float16
                OpCapability Float64
-         %50 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
+         %54 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
                OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
                OpEntryPoint Kernel %1 "stateful_ld_st_ntid" %gl_LocalInvocationID
                OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationID BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
@@ -18,34 +18,34 @@
 %gl_LocalInvocationID = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v3ulong Input
       %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uchar
-         %57 = OpTypeFunction %void %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
+         %61 = OpTypeFunction %void %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
 %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Function %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Function_ulong = OpTypePointer Function %ulong
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %ulong
-          %1 = OpFunction %void None %57
+          %1 = OpFunction %void None %61
          %20 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
          %21 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
-         %48 = OpLabel
-          %2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
-          %3 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
+         %52 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
+         %13 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
          %10 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
          %11 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
           %6 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_uint Function
           %7 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
           %8 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-               OpStore %2 %20
-               OpStore %3 %21
-         %13 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %2
-         %44 = OpLoad %ulong %13 Aligned 8
-         %12 = OpCopyObject %ulong %44
-         %22 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %12
+               OpStore %12 %20
+               OpStore %13 %21
+         %45 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %12
+         %44 = OpLoad %ulong %45 Aligned 8
+         %14 = OpCopyObject %ulong %44
+         %22 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %14
                OpStore %10 %22
-         %15 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %3
-         %45 = OpLoad %ulong %15 Aligned 8
-         %14 = OpCopyObject %ulong %45
-         %23 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %14
+         %47 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %13
+         %46 = OpLoad %ulong %47 Aligned 8
+         %15 = OpCopyObject %ulong %46
+         %23 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %15
                OpStore %11 %23
          %24 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %10
          %17 = OpConvertPtrToU %ulong %24
@@ -57,35 +57,37 @@
          %18 = OpCopyObject %ulong %19
          %27 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %18
                OpStore %11 %27
-         %62 = OpLoad %v3ulong %gl_LocalInvocationID
-         %43 = OpCompositeExtract %ulong %62 0
-         %63 = OpBitcast %ulong %43
-         %29 = OpUConvert %uint %63
+         %66 = OpLoad %v3ulong %gl_LocalInvocationID
+         %43 = OpCompositeExtract %ulong %66 0
+         %67 = OpBitcast %ulong %43
+         %29 = OpUConvert %uint %67
          %28 = OpCopyObject %uint %29
                OpStore %6 %28
          %31 = OpLoad %uint %6
-         %64 = OpBitcast %uint %31
-         %30 = OpUConvert %ulong %64
+         %68 = OpBitcast %uint %31
+         %30 = OpUConvert %ulong %68
                OpStore %7 %30
          %33 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %10
          %34 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %65 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %33
-         %66 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %65 %34
-         %32 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %66
+         %48 = OpCopyObject %ulong %34
+         %69 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %33
+         %70 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %69 %48
+         %32 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %70
                OpStore %10 %32
          %36 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %11
          %37 = OpLoad %ulong %7
-         %67 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %36
-         %68 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %67 %37
-         %35 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %68
+         %49 = OpCopyObject %ulong %37
+         %71 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %36
+         %72 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %71 %49
+         %35 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %72
                OpStore %11 %35
          %39 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %10
-         %46 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %39
-         %38 = OpLoad %ulong %46 Aligned 8
+         %50 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %39
+         %38 = OpLoad %ulong %50 Aligned 8
                OpStore %8 %38
          %40 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %11
          %41 = OpLoad %ulong %8
-         %47 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %40
-               OpStore %47 %41 Aligned 8
+         %51 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %40
+               OpStore %51 %41 Aligned 8
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid_chain.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid_chain.spvtxt
index cb77d14..97bf000 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid_chain.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/stateful_ld_st_ntid_chain.spvtxt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
                OpCapability Int64
                OpCapability Float16
                OpCapability Float64
-         %58 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
+         %62 = OpExtInstImport "OpenCL.std"
                OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
                OpEntryPoint Kernel %1 "stateful_ld_st_ntid_chain" %gl_LocalInvocationID
                OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationID BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
@@ -18,18 +18,18 @@
 %gl_LocalInvocationID = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v3ulong Input
       %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %uchar
-         %65 = OpTypeFunction %void %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
+         %69 = OpTypeFunction %void %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
 %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar = OpTypePointer Function %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Function_ulong = OpTypePointer Function %ulong
 %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong = OpTypePointer CrossWorkgroup %ulong
-          %1 = OpFunction %void None %65
+          %1 = OpFunction %void None %69
          %28 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
          %29 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar
-         %56 = OpLabel
-          %2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
-          %3 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
+         %21 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
          %14 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
          %15 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
          %16 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar Function
@@ -39,17 +39,17 @@
          %10 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_uint Function
          %11 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
          %12 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
-               OpStore %2 %28
-               OpStore %3 %29
-         %21 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %2
-         %52 = OpLoad %ulong %21 Aligned 8
-         %20 = OpCopyObject %ulong %52
-         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %20
+               OpStore %20 %28
+               OpStore %21 %29
+         %53 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %20
+         %52 = OpLoad %ulong %53 Aligned 8
+         %22 = OpCopyObject %ulong %52
+         %30 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %22
                OpStore %14 %30
-         %23 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %3
-         %53 = OpLoad %ulong %23 Aligned 8
-         %22 = OpCopyObject %ulong %53
-         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %22
+         %55 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Function_ulong %21
+         %54 = OpLoad %ulong %55 Aligned 8
+         %23 = OpCopyObject %ulong %54
+         %31 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %23
                OpStore %17 %31
          %32 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %14
          %25 = OpConvertPtrToU %ulong %32
@@ -61,35 +61,37 @@
          %26 = OpCopyObject %ulong %27
          %35 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %26
                OpStore %18 %35
-         %70 = OpLoad %v3ulong %gl_LocalInvocationID
-         %51 = OpCompositeExtract %ulong %70 0
-         %71 = OpBitcast %ulong %51
-         %37 = OpUConvert %uint %71
+         %74 = OpLoad %v3ulong %gl_LocalInvocationID
+         %51 = OpCompositeExtract %ulong %74 0
+         %75 = OpBitcast %ulong %51
+         %37 = OpUConvert %uint %75
          %36 = OpCopyObject %uint %37
                OpStore %10 %36
          %39 = OpLoad %uint %10
-         %72 = OpBitcast %uint %39
-         %38 = OpUConvert %ulong %72
+         %76 = OpBitcast %uint %39
+         %38 = OpUConvert %ulong %76
                OpStore %11 %38
          %41 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %15
          %42 = OpLoad %ulong %11
-         %73 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %41
-         %74 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %73 %42
-         %40 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %74
+         %56 = OpCopyObject %ulong %42
+         %77 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %41
+         %78 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %77 %56
+         %40 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %78
                OpStore %16 %40
          %44 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %18
          %45 = OpLoad %ulong %11
-         %75 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %44
-         %76 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %75 %45
-         %43 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %76
+         %57 = OpCopyObject %ulong %45
+         %79 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %44
+         %80 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %79 %57
+         %43 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %80
                OpStore %19 %43
          %47 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %16
-         %54 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %47
-         %46 = OpLoad %ulong %54 Aligned 8
+         %58 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %47
+         %46 = OpLoad %ulong %58 Aligned 8
                OpStore %12 %46
          %48 = OpLoad %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_uchar %19
          %49 = OpLoad %ulong %12
-         %55 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %48
-               OpStore %55 %49 Aligned 8
+         %59 = OpBitcast %_ptr_CrossWorkgroup_ulong %48
+               OpStore %59 %49 Aligned 8
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/vector.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/vector.spvtxt
index ecf2858..8253bf9 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/vector.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/vector.spvtxt
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
           %1 = OpFunction %v2uint None %55
           %7 = OpFunctionParameter %v2uint
          %24 = OpLabel
-          %2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v2uint Function
           %3 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v2uint Function
+          %2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v2uint Function
           %4 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v2uint Function
           %5 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_uint Function
           %6 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_uint Function
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/verify.py b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/verify.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbfab00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/verify.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import os, sys, subprocess
+
+def main(path):
+    dirs = os.listdir(path)
+    for file in dirs:
+        if not file.endswith(".spvtxt"):
+            continue
+        full_file = os.path.join(path, file)
+        print(file)
+        spv_file = f"/tmp/{file}.spv"
+        # We nominally emit spv1.3, but use spv1.4 feature (OpEntryPoint interface changes in 1.4)
+        proc1 = subprocess.run(["spirv-as", "--target-env", "spv1.4", full_file, "-o", spv_file])
+        proc2 = subprocess.run(["spirv-dis", spv_file, "-o", f"{spv_file}.dis.txt"])
+        proc3 = subprocess.run(["spirv-val", spv_file ])
+        if proc1.returncode != 0 or proc2.returncode != 0 or proc3.returncode != 0:
+            print(proc1.returncode)
+            print(proc2.returncode)
+            print(proc3.returncode)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main(sys.argv[1])
diff --git a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/xor.spvtxt b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/xor.spvtxt
index 4cc8968..c3a1f6f 100644
--- a/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/xor.spvtxt
+++ b/ptx/src/test/spirv_run/xor.spvtxt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 %_ptr_Function_uint = OpTypePointer Function %uint
 %_ptr_Generic_uint = OpTypePointer Generic %uint
     %ulong_4 = OpConstant %ulong 4
+      %uchar = OpTypeInt 8 0
+%_ptr_Generic_uchar = OpTypePointer Generic %uchar
           %1 = OpFunction %void None %31
           %8 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
           %9 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
@@ -39,9 +41,11 @@
          %12 = OpLoad %uint %23 Aligned 4
                OpStore %6 %12
          %15 = OpLoad %ulong %4
-         %22 = OpIAdd %ulong %15 %ulong_4
-         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %22
-         %14 = OpLoad %uint %24 Aligned 4
+         %24 = OpConvertUToPtr %_ptr_Generic_uint %15
+         %38 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uchar %24
+         %39 = OpInBoundsPtrAccessChain %_ptr_Generic_uchar %38 %ulong_4
+         %22 = OpBitcast %_ptr_Generic_uint %39
+         %14 = OpLoad %uint %22 Aligned 4
                OpStore %7 %14
          %17 = OpLoad %uint %6
          %18 = OpLoad %uint %7
diff --git a/ptx/src/translate.rs b/ptx/src/translate.rs
index 7170950..c2562c3 100644
--- a/ptx/src/translate.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/translate.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 use crate::ast;
 use half::f16;
 use rspirv::dr;
-use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::BTreeSet, ffi::CString, hash::Hash, iter, mem};
-use std::{
-    collections::{hash_map, HashMap, HashSet},
-    convert::TryInto,
-};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::{hash_map, HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::BTreeSet, ffi::CString, hash::Hash, iter, mem, rc::Rc};
 
 use rspirv::binary::Assemble;
 
@@ -48,64 +46,21 @@ enum SpirvType {
 }
 
 impl SpirvType {
-    fn new_pointer(t: ast::Type, sc: spirv::StorageClass) -> Self {
-        let key = t.into();
-        SpirvType::Pointer(Box::new(key), sc)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<ast::Type> for SpirvType {
-    fn from(t: ast::Type) -> Self {
+    fn new(t: ast::Type) -> Self {
         match t {
             ast::Type::Scalar(t) => SpirvType::Base(t.into()),
             ast::Type::Vector(typ, len) => SpirvType::Vector(typ.into(), len),
             ast::Type::Array(t, len) => SpirvType::Array(t.into(), len),
-            ast::Type::Pointer(pointer_t, state_space) => SpirvType::Pointer(
-                Box::new(SpirvType::from(ast::Type::from(pointer_t))),
-                state_space.to_spirv(),
+            ast::Type::Pointer(pointer_t, space) => SpirvType::Pointer(
+                Box::new(SpirvType::Base(pointer_t.into())),
+                space.to_spirv(),
             ),
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl From<ast::PointerType> for ast::Type {
-    fn from(t: ast::PointerType) -> Self {
-        match t {
-            ast::PointerType::Scalar(t) => ast::Type::Scalar(t),
-            ast::PointerType::Vector(t, len) => ast::Type::Vector(t, len),
-            ast::PointerType::Array(t, dims) => ast::Type::Array(t, dims),
-            ast::PointerType::Pointer(t, space) => {
-                ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Scalar(t), space)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ast::Type {
-    fn param_pointer_to(self, space: ast::LdStateSpace) -> Result<Self, TranslateError> {
-        Ok(match self {
-            ast::Type::Scalar(t) => ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Scalar(t), space),
-            ast::Type::Vector(t, len) => {
-                ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Vector(t, len), space)
-            }
-            ast::Type::Array(t, _) => ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Scalar(t), space),
-            ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Scalar(t), space) => {
-                ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Pointer(t, space), space)
-            }
-            ast::Type::Pointer(_, _) => return Err(error_unreachable()),
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl Into<spirv::StorageClass> for ast::PointerStateSpace {
-    fn into(self) -> spirv::StorageClass {
-        match self {
-            ast::PointerStateSpace::Const => spirv::StorageClass::UniformConstant,
-            ast::PointerStateSpace::Global => spirv::StorageClass::CrossWorkgroup,
-            ast::PointerStateSpace::Shared => spirv::StorageClass::Workgroup,
-            ast::PointerStateSpace::Param => spirv::StorageClass::Function,
-            ast::PointerStateSpace::Generic => spirv::StorageClass::Generic,
-        }
+    fn pointer_to(t: ast::Type, outer_space: spirv::StorageClass) -> Self {
+        let key = Self::new(t);
+        SpirvType::Pointer(Box::new(key), outer_space)
     }
 }
 
@@ -213,14 +168,18 @@ impl TypeWordMap {
                     .or_insert_with(|| b.type_vector(None, base, len as u32))
             }
             SpirvType::Array(typ, array_dimensions) => {
-                let u32_type = self.get_or_add_scalar(b, ast::ScalarType::U32);
                 let (base_type, length) = match &*array_dimensions {
+                    &[] => {
+                        return self.get_or_add(b, SpirvType::Base(typ));
+                    }
                     &[len] => {
+                        let u32_type = self.get_or_add_scalar(b, ast::ScalarType::U32);
                         let base = self.get_or_add_spirv_scalar(b, typ);
                         let len_const = b.constant_u32(u32_type, None, len);
                         (base, len_const)
                     }
                     array_dimensions => {
+                        let u32_type = self.get_or_add_scalar(b, ast::ScalarType::U32);
                         let base = self
                             .get_or_add(b, SpirvType::Array(typ, array_dimensions[1..].to_vec()));
                         let len_const = b.constant_u32(u32_type, None, array_dimensions[0]);
@@ -262,7 +221,7 @@ impl TypeWordMap {
     fn get_or_add_fn(
         &mut self,
         b: &mut dr::Builder,
-        in_params: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = SpirvType>,
+        in_params: impl Iterator<Item = SpirvType>,
         mut out_params: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = SpirvType>,
     ) -> (spirv::Word, spirv::Word) {
         let (out_args, out_spirv_type) = if out_params.len() == 0 {
@@ -274,6 +233,7 @@ impl TypeWordMap {
                 self.get_or_add(b, arg_as_key),
             )
         } else {
+            // TODO: support multiple return values
             todo!()
         };
         (
@@ -410,18 +370,7 @@ impl TypeWordMap {
                     b.constant_composite(result_type, None, components.into_iter())
                 }
             },
-            ast::Type::Pointer(typ, state_space) => {
-                let base_t = typ.clone().into();
-                let base = self.get_or_add_constant(b, &base_t, &[])?;
-                let result_type = self.get_or_add(
-                    b,
-                    SpirvType::Pointer(
-                        Box::new(SpirvType::from(base_t)),
-                        (*state_space).to_spirv(),
-                    ),
-                );
-                b.variable(result_type, None, (*state_space).to_spirv(), Some(base))
-            }
+            ast::Type::Pointer(..) => return Err(error_unreachable()),
         })
     }
 
@@ -487,7 +436,7 @@ pub fn to_spirv_module<'a>(ast: ast::Module<'a>) -> Result<Module, TranslateErro
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
     let mut builder = dr::Builder::new();
     builder.reserve_ids(id_defs.current_id());
-    let call_map = get_call_map(&directives);
+    let call_map = get_kernels_call_map(&directives);
     let mut directives = convert_dynamic_shared_memory_usage(directives, &mut || builder.id());
     normalize_variable_decls(&mut directives);
     let denorm_information = compute_denorm_information(&directives);
@@ -525,9 +474,12 @@ pub fn to_spirv_module<'a>(ast: ast::Module<'a>) -> Result<Module, TranslateErro
 }
 
 // TODO: remove this once we have perf-function support for denorms
-fn emit_denorm_build_string(
+fn emit_denorm_build_string<'input>(
     call_map: &HashMap<&str, HashSet<u32>>,
-    denorm_information: &HashMap<MethodName, HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>>,
+    denorm_information: &HashMap<
+        ast::MethodName<'input, spirv::Word>,
+        HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>,
+    >,
 ) -> CString {
     let denorm_counts = denorm_information
         .iter()
@@ -545,10 +497,12 @@ fn emit_denorm_build_string(
         .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
     let mut flush_over_preserve = 0;
     for (kernel, children) in call_map {
-        flush_over_preserve += *denorm_counts.get(&MethodName::Kernel(kernel)).unwrap_or(&0);
+        flush_over_preserve += *denorm_counts
+            .get(&ast::MethodName::Kernel(kernel))
+            .unwrap_or(&0);
         for child_fn in children {
             flush_over_preserve += *denorm_counts
-                .get(&MethodName::Func(*child_fn))
+                .get(&ast::MethodName::Func(*child_fn))
                 .unwrap_or(&0);
         }
     }
@@ -564,15 +518,18 @@ fn emit_directives<'input>(
     map: &mut TypeWordMap,
     id_defs: &GlobalStringIdResolver<'input>,
     opencl_id: spirv::Word,
-    denorm_information: &HashMap<MethodName<'input>, HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>>,
+    denorm_information: &HashMap<
+        ast::MethodName<'input, spirv::Word>,
+        HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>,
+    >,
     call_map: &HashMap<&'input str, HashSet<spirv::Word>>,
-    directives: Vec<Directive>,
+    directives: Vec<Directive<'input>>,
     kernel_info: &mut HashMap<String, KernelInfo>,
 ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
     let empty_body = Vec::new();
     for d in directives.iter() {
         match d {
-            Directive::Variable(var) => {
+            Directive::Variable(_, var) => {
                 emit_variable(builder, map, &var)?;
             }
             Directive::Method(f) => {
@@ -589,12 +546,13 @@ fn emit_directives<'input>(
                 for var in f.globals.iter() {
                     emit_variable(builder, map, var)?;
                 }
+                let func_decl = (*f.func_decl).borrow();
                 let fn_id = emit_function_header(
                     builder,
                     map,
                     &id_defs,
                     &f.globals,
-                    &f.spirv_decl,
+                    &*func_decl,
                     &denorm_information,
                     call_map,
                     &directives,
@@ -623,8 +581,13 @@ fn emit_directives<'input>(
                 }
                 emit_function_body_ops(builder, map, opencl_id, &f_body)?;
                 builder.end_function()?;
-                if let (ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, fn_id, _), Some(name)) =
-                    (&f.func_decl, &f.import_as)
+                if let (
+                    ast::MethodDeclaration {
+                        name: ast::MethodName::Func(fn_id),
+                        ..
+                    },
+                    Some(name),
+                ) = (&*func_decl, &f.import_as)
                 {
                     builder.decorate(
                         *fn_id,
@@ -643,7 +606,7 @@ fn emit_directives<'input>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn get_call_map<'input>(
+fn get_kernels_call_map<'input>(
     module: &[Directive<'input>],
 ) -> HashMap<&'input str, HashSet<spirv::Word>> {
     let mut directly_called_by = HashMap::new();
@@ -654,14 +617,14 @@ fn get_call_map<'input>(
                 body: Some(statements),
                 ..
             }) => {
-                let call_key = MethodName::new(&func_decl);
+                let call_key: ast::MethodName<_> = (**func_decl).borrow().name;
                 if let hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) = directly_called_by.entry(call_key) {
                     entry.insert(Vec::new());
                 }
                 for statement in statements {
                     match statement {
                         Statement::Call(call) => {
-                            multi_hash_map_append(&mut directly_called_by, call_key, call.func);
+                            multi_hash_map_append(&mut directly_called_by, call_key, call.name);
                         }
                         _ => {}
                     }
@@ -673,28 +636,28 @@ fn get_call_map<'input>(
     let mut result = HashMap::new();
     for (method_key, children) in directly_called_by.iter() {
         match method_key {
-            MethodName::Kernel(name) => {
+            ast::MethodName::Kernel(name) => {
                 let mut visited = HashSet::new();
                 for child in children {
                     add_call_map_single(&directly_called_by, &mut visited, *child);
                 }
                 result.insert(*name, visited);
             }
-            MethodName::Func(_) => {}
+            ast::MethodName::Func(_) => {}
         }
     }
     result
 }
 
 fn add_call_map_single<'input>(
-    directly_called_by: &MultiHashMap<MethodName<'input>, spirv::Word>,
+    directly_called_by: &MultiHashMap<ast::MethodName<'input, spirv::Word>, spirv::Word>,
     visited: &mut HashSet<spirv::Word>,
     current: spirv::Word,
 ) {
     if !visited.insert(current) {
         return;
     }
-    if let Some(children) = directly_called_by.get(&MethodName::Func(current)) {
+    if let Some(children) = directly_called_by.get(&ast::MethodName::Func(current)) {
         for child in children {
             add_call_map_single(directly_called_by, visited, *child);
         }
@@ -714,11 +677,29 @@ fn multi_hash_map_append<K: Eq + std::hash::Hash, V>(m: &mut MultiHashMap<K, V>,
     }
 }
 
-// PTX represents dynamically allocated shared local memory as
-//     .extern .shared .align 4 .b8 shared_mem[];
-// In SPIRV/OpenCL world this is expressed as an additional argument
-// This pass looks for all uses of .extern .shared and converts them to
-// an additional method argument
+/*
+    PTX represents dynamically allocated shared local memory as
+        .extern .shared .b32 shared_mem[];
+    In SPIRV/OpenCL world this is expressed as an additional argument
+    This pass looks for all uses of .extern .shared and converts them to
+    an additional method argument
+    The question is how this artificial argument should be expressed. There are
+    several options:
+    * Straight conversion:
+        .shared .b32 shared_mem[]
+    * Introduce .param_shared statespace:
+        .param_shared .b32 shared_mem
+        or
+        .param_shared .b32 shared_mem[]
+    * Introduce .shared_ptr <SCALAR> type:
+        .param .shared_ptr .b32 shared_mem
+    * Reuse .ptr hint:
+        .param .u64 .ptr shared_mem
+      This is the most tempting, but also the most nonsensical, .ptr is just a
+      hint, which has no semantical meaning (and the output of our
+      transformation has a semantical meaning - we emit additional
+      "OpFunctionParameter ..." with type "OpTypePointer Workgroup ...")
+*/
 fn convert_dynamic_shared_memory_usage<'input>(
     module: Vec<Directive<'input>>,
     new_id: &mut impl FnMut() -> spirv::Word,
@@ -726,12 +707,16 @@ fn convert_dynamic_shared_memory_usage<'input>(
     let mut extern_shared_decls = HashMap::new();
     for dir in module.iter() {
         match dir {
-            Directive::Variable(var) => {
-                if let ast::VariableType::Shared(ast::VariableGlobalType::Pointer(p_type, _)) =
-                    var.v_type
-                {
-                    extern_shared_decls.insert(var.name, p_type);
-                }
+            Directive::Variable(
+                linking,
+                ast::Variable {
+                    v_type: ast::Type::Array(p_type, dims),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Shared,
+                    name,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) if linking.contains(ast::LinkingDirective::EXTERN) && dims.len() == 0 => {
+                extern_shared_decls.insert(*name, *p_type);
             }
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -749,15 +734,14 @@ fn convert_dynamic_shared_memory_usage<'input>(
                 globals,
                 body: Some(statements),
                 import_as,
-                spirv_decl,
                 tuning,
             }) => {
-                let call_key = MethodName::new(&func_decl);
+                let call_key = (*func_decl).borrow().name;
                 let statements = statements
                     .into_iter()
                     .map(|statement| match statement {
                         Statement::Call(call) => {
-                            multi_hash_map_append(&mut directly_called_by, call.func, call_key);
+                            multi_hash_map_append(&mut directly_called_by, call.name, call_key);
                             Statement::Call(call)
                         }
                         statement => statement.map_id(&mut |id, _| {
@@ -773,7 +757,6 @@ fn convert_dynamic_shared_memory_usage<'input>(
                     globals,
                     body: Some(statements),
                     import_as,
-                    spirv_decl,
                     tuning,
                 })
             }
@@ -792,66 +775,34 @@ fn convert_dynamic_shared_memory_usage<'input>(
                 globals,
                 body: Some(statements),
                 import_as,
-                mut spirv_decl,
                 tuning,
             }) => {
-                if !methods_using_extern_shared.contains(&spirv_decl.name) {
+                if !methods_using_extern_shared.contains(&(*func_decl).borrow().name) {
                     return Directive::Method(Function {
                         func_decl,
                         globals,
                         body: Some(statements),
                         import_as,
-                        spirv_decl,
                         tuning,
                     });
                 }
                 let shared_id_param = new_id();
-                spirv_decl.input.push({
-                    ast::Variable {
-                        align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::Type::Pointer(
-                            ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-                            ast::LdStateSpace::Shared,
-                        ),
-                        array_init: Vec::new(),
-                        name: shared_id_param,
-                    }
-                });
-                spirv_decl.uses_shared_mem = true;
-                let shared_var_id = new_id();
-                let shared_var = ExpandedStatement::Variable(ast::Variable {
-                    align: None,
-                    name: shared_var_id,
-                    array_init: Vec::new(),
-                    v_type: ast::VariableType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Pointer(
-                        ast::SizedScalarType::B8,
-                        ast::PointerStateSpace::Shared,
-                    )),
-                });
-                let shared_var_st = ExpandedStatement::StoreVar(StoreVarDetails {
-                    arg: ast::Arg2St {
-                        src1: shared_var_id,
-                        src2: shared_id_param,
-                    },
-                    typ: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B8),
-                    member_index: None,
-                });
-                let mut new_statements = vec![shared_var, shared_var_st];
-                replace_uses_of_shared_memory(
-                    &mut new_statements,
+                {
+                    let mut func_decl = (*func_decl).borrow_mut();
+                    func_decl.shared_mem = Some(shared_id_param);
+                }
+                let statements = replace_uses_of_shared_memory(
                     new_id,
                     &extern_shared_decls,
                     &mut methods_using_extern_shared,
                     shared_id_param,
-                    shared_var_id,
                     statements,
                 );
                 Directive::Method(Function {
                     func_decl,
                     globals,
-                    body: Some(new_statements),
+                    body: Some(statements),
                     import_as,
-                    spirv_decl,
                     tuning,
                 })
             }
@@ -861,47 +812,43 @@ fn convert_dynamic_shared_memory_usage<'input>(
 }
 
 fn replace_uses_of_shared_memory<'a>(
-    result: &mut Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
     new_id: &mut impl FnMut() -> spirv::Word,
-    extern_shared_decls: &HashMap<spirv::Word, ast::SizedScalarType>,
-    methods_using_extern_shared: &mut HashSet<MethodName<'a>>,
+    extern_shared_decls: &HashMap<spirv::Word, ast::ScalarType>,
+    methods_using_extern_shared: &mut HashSet<ast::MethodName<'a, spirv::Word>>,
     shared_id_param: spirv::Word,
-    shared_var_id: spirv::Word,
     statements: Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
-) {
+) -> Vec<ExpandedStatement> {
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(statements.len());
     for statement in statements {
         match statement {
             Statement::Call(mut call) => {
                 // We can safely skip checking call arguments,
                 // because there's simply no way to pass shared ptr
                 // without converting it to .b64 first
-                if methods_using_extern_shared.contains(&MethodName::Func(call.func)) {
-                    call.param_list
-                        .push((shared_id_param, ast::FnArgumentType::Shared));
+                if methods_using_extern_shared.contains(&ast::MethodName::Func(call.name)) {
+                    call.input_arguments.push((
+                        shared_id_param,
+                        ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B8),
+                        ast::StateSpace::Shared,
+                    ));
                 }
                 result.push(Statement::Call(call))
             }
             statement => {
                 let new_statement = statement.map_id(&mut |id, _| {
-                    if let Some(typ) = extern_shared_decls.get(&id) {
-                        if *typ == ast::SizedScalarType::B8 {
-                            return shared_var_id;
+                    if let Some(scalar_type) = extern_shared_decls.get(&id) {
+                        if *scalar_type == ast::ScalarType::B8 {
+                            return shared_id_param;
                         }
                         let replacement_id = new_id();
                         result.push(Statement::Conversion(ImplicitConversion {
-                            src: shared_var_id,
+                            src: shared_id_param,
                             dst: replacement_id,
-                            from: ast::Type::Pointer(
-                                ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B8),
-                                ast::LdStateSpace::Shared,
-                            ),
-                            to: ast::Type::Pointer(
-                                ast::PointerType::Scalar((*typ).into()),
-                                ast::LdStateSpace::Shared,
-                            ),
-                            kind: ConversionKind::PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr: true },
-                            src_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
-                            dst_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                            from_type: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B8),
+                            from_space: ast::StateSpace::Shared,
+                            to_type: ast::Type::Scalar(*scalar_type),
+                            to_space: ast::StateSpace::Shared,
+                            kind: ConversionKind::PtrToPtr,
                         }));
                         replacement_id
                     } else {
@@ -912,16 +859,17 @@ fn replace_uses_of_shared_memory<'a>(
             }
         }
     }
+    result
 }
 
 fn get_callers_of_extern_shared<'a>(
-    methods_using_extern_shared: &mut HashSet<MethodName<'a>>,
-    directly_called_by: &MultiHashMap<spirv::Word, MethodName<'a>>,
+    methods_using_extern_shared: &mut HashSet<ast::MethodName<'a, spirv::Word>>,
+    directly_called_by: &MultiHashMap<spirv::Word, ast::MethodName<'a, spirv::Word>>,
 ) {
     let direct_uses_of_extern_shared = methods_using_extern_shared
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|method| {
-            if let MethodName::Func(f_id) = method {
+            if let ast::MethodName::Func(f_id) = method {
                 Some(*f_id)
             } else {
                 None
@@ -934,14 +882,14 @@ fn get_callers_of_extern_shared<'a>(
 }
 
 fn get_callers_of_extern_shared_single<'a>(
-    methods_using_extern_shared: &mut HashSet<MethodName<'a>>,
-    directly_called_by: &MultiHashMap<spirv::Word, MethodName<'a>>,
+    methods_using_extern_shared: &mut HashSet<ast::MethodName<'a, spirv::Word>>,
+    directly_called_by: &MultiHashMap<spirv::Word, ast::MethodName<'a, spirv::Word>>,
     fn_id: spirv::Word,
 ) {
     if let Some(callers) = directly_called_by.get(&fn_id) {
         for caller in callers {
             if methods_using_extern_shared.insert(*caller) {
-                if let MethodName::Func(caller_fn) = caller {
+                if let ast::MethodName::Func(caller_fn) = caller {
                     get_callers_of_extern_shared_single(
                         methods_using_extern_shared,
                         directly_called_by,
@@ -983,18 +931,18 @@ fn denorm_count_map_update_impl<T: Eq + Hash>(
 // and emit suitable execution mode
 fn compute_denorm_information<'input>(
     module: &[Directive<'input>],
-) -> HashMap<MethodName<'input>, HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>> {
+) -> HashMap<ast::MethodName<'input, spirv::Word>, HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>> {
     let mut denorm_methods = HashMap::new();
     for directive in module {
         match directive {
-            Directive::Variable(_) | Directive::Method(Function { body: None, .. }) => {}
+            Directive::Variable(..) | Directive::Method(Function { body: None, .. }) => {}
             Directive::Method(Function {
                 func_decl,
                 body: Some(statements),
                 ..
             }) => {
                 let mut flush_counter = DenormCountMap::new();
-                let method_key = MethodName::new(func_decl);
+                let method_key = (**func_decl).borrow().name;
                 for statement in statements {
                     match statement {
                         Statement::Instruction(inst) => {
@@ -1038,21 +986,6 @@ fn compute_denorm_information<'input>(
         .collect()
 }
 
-#[derive(Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
-enum MethodName<'input> {
-    Kernel(&'input str),
-    Func(spirv::Word),
-}
-
-impl<'input> MethodName<'input> {
-    fn new(decl: &ast::MethodDecl<'input, spirv::Word>) -> Self {
-        match decl {
-            ast::MethodDecl::Kernel { name, .. } => MethodName::Kernel(name),
-            ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, id, _) => MethodName::Func(*id),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn emit_builtins(
     builder: &mut dr::Builder,
     map: &mut TypeWordMap,
@@ -1061,10 +994,7 @@ fn emit_builtins(
     for (reg, id) in id_defs.special_registers.builtins() {
         let result_type = map.get_or_add(
             builder,
-            SpirvType::Pointer(
-                Box::new(SpirvType::from(reg.get_type())),
-                spirv::StorageClass::Input,
-            ),
+            SpirvType::pointer_to(reg.get_type(), spirv::StorageClass::Input),
         );
         builder.variable(result_type, Some(id), spirv::StorageClass::Input, None);
         builder.decorate(
@@ -1079,18 +1009,21 @@ fn emit_function_header<'a>(
     builder: &mut dr::Builder,
     map: &mut TypeWordMap,
     defined_globals: &GlobalStringIdResolver<'a>,
-    synthetic_globals: &[ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, spirv::Word>],
-    func_decl: &SpirvMethodDecl<'a>,
-    _denorm_information: &HashMap<MethodName<'a>, HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>>,
+    synthetic_globals: &[ast::Variable<spirv::Word>],
+    func_decl: &ast::MethodDeclaration<'a, spirv::Word>,
+    _denorm_information: &HashMap<
+        ast::MethodName<'a, spirv::Word>,
+        HashMap<u8, (spirv::FPDenormMode, isize)>,
+    >,
     call_map: &HashMap<&'a str, HashSet<spirv::Word>>,
     direcitves: &[Directive],
     kernel_info: &mut HashMap<String, KernelInfo>,
 ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
-    if let MethodName::Kernel(name) = func_decl.name {
-        let input_args = if !func_decl.uses_shared_mem {
-            func_decl.input.as_slice()
+    if let ast::MethodName::Kernel(name) = func_decl.name {
+        let input_args = if func_decl.shared_mem.is_none() {
+            func_decl.input_arguments.as_slice()
         } else {
-            &func_decl.input[0..func_decl.input.len() - 1]
+            &func_decl.input_arguments[0..func_decl.input_arguments.len() - 1]
         };
         let args_lens = input_args
             .iter()
@@ -1100,14 +1033,18 @@ fn emit_function_header<'a>(
             name.to_string(),
             KernelInfo {
                 arguments_sizes: args_lens,
-                uses_shared_mem: func_decl.uses_shared_mem,
+                uses_shared_mem: func_decl.shared_mem.is_some(),
             },
         );
     }
-    let (ret_type, func_type) =
-        get_function_type(builder, map, &func_decl.input, &func_decl.output);
+    let (ret_type, func_type) = get_function_type(
+        builder,
+        map,
+        func_decl.effective_input_arguments().map(|(_, typ)| typ),
+        &func_decl.return_arguments,
+    );
     let fn_id = match func_decl.name {
-        MethodName::Kernel(name) => {
+        ast::MethodName::Kernel(name) => {
             let fn_id = defined_globals.get_id(name)?;
             let mut global_variables = defined_globals
                 .variables_type_check
@@ -1123,15 +1060,18 @@ fn emit_function_header<'a>(
             for directive in direcitves {
                 match directive {
                     Directive::Method(Function {
-                        func_decl: ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, name, _),
-                        globals,
-                        ..
+                        func_decl, globals, ..
                     }) => {
-                        if child_fns.contains(name) {
-                            for var in globals {
-                                interface.push(var.name);
+                        match (**func_decl).borrow().name {
+                            ast::MethodName::Func(name) => {
+                                if child_fns.contains(&name) {
+                                    for var in globals {
+                                        interface.push(var.name);
+                                    }
+                                }
                             }
-                        }
+                            ast::MethodName::Kernel(_) => {}
+                        };
                     }
                     _ => {}
                 }
@@ -1140,7 +1080,7 @@ fn emit_function_header<'a>(
             builder.entry_point(spirv::ExecutionModel::Kernel, fn_id, name, global_variables);
             fn_id
         }
-        MethodName::Func(name) => name,
+        ast::MethodName::Func(name) => name,
     };
     builder.begin_function(
         ret_type,
@@ -1163,9 +1103,9 @@ fn emit_function_header<'a>(
         }
     }
     */
-    for input in &func_decl.input {
-        let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(input.v_type.clone()));
-        builder.function_parameter(Some(input.name), result_type)?;
+    for (name, typ) in func_decl.effective_input_arguments() {
+        let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, typ);
+        builder.function_parameter(Some(name), result_type)?;
     }
     Ok(fn_id)
 }
@@ -1207,55 +1147,32 @@ fn translate_directive<'input>(
     d: ast::Directive<'input, ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>>,
 ) -> Result<Option<Directive<'input>>, TranslateError> {
     Ok(match d {
-        ast::Directive::Variable(v) => Some(Directive::Variable(translate_variable(id_defs, v)?)),
-        ast::Directive::Method(f) => {
+        ast::Directive::Variable(linking, var) => Some(Directive::Variable(
+            linking,
+            ast::Variable {
+                align: var.align,
+                v_type: var.v_type.clone(),
+                state_space: var.state_space,
+                name: id_defs.get_or_add_def_typed(var.name, var.v_type, var.state_space, true),
+                array_init: var.array_init,
+            },
+        )),
+        ast::Directive::Method(_, f) => {
             translate_function(id_defs, ptx_impl_imports, f)?.map(Directive::Method)
         }
     })
 }
 
-fn translate_variable<'a>(
-    id_defs: &mut GlobalStringIdResolver<'a>,
-    var: ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, &'a str>,
-) -> Result<ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, spirv::Word>, TranslateError> {
-    let (space, var_type) = var.v_type.to_type();
-    let mut is_variable = false;
-    let var_type = match space {
-        ast::StateSpace::Reg => {
-            is_variable = true;
-            var_type
-        }
-        ast::StateSpace::Const => var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Const)?,
-        ast::StateSpace::Global => var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Global)?,
-        ast::StateSpace::Local => var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Local)?,
-        ast::StateSpace::Shared => {
-            // If it's a pointer it will be translated to a method parameter later
-            if let ast::Type::Pointer(..) = var_type {
-                is_variable = true;
-                var_type
-            } else {
-                var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Shared)?
-            }
-        }
-        ast::StateSpace::Param => var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Param)?,
-    };
-    Ok(ast::Variable {
-        align: var.align,
-        v_type: var.v_type,
-        name: id_defs.get_or_add_def_typed(var.name, var_type, is_variable),
-        array_init: var.array_init,
-    })
-}
-
 fn translate_function<'a>(
     id_defs: &mut GlobalStringIdResolver<'a>,
     ptx_impl_imports: &mut HashMap<String, Directive<'a>>,
     f: ast::ParsedFunction<'a>,
 ) -> Result<Option<Function<'a>>, TranslateError> {
     let import_as = match &f.func_directive {
-        ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, "__assertfail", _) => {
-            Some("__zluda_ptx_impl____assertfail".to_owned())
-        }
+        ast::MethodDeclaration {
+            name: ast::MethodName::Func("__assertfail"),
+            ..
+        } => Some("__zluda_ptx_impl____assertfail".to_owned()),
         _ => None,
     };
     let (str_resolver, fn_resolver, fn_decl) = id_defs.start_fn(&f.func_directive)?;
@@ -1279,63 +1196,38 @@ fn translate_function<'a>(
     }
 }
 
-fn expand_kernel_params<'a, 'b>(
+fn rename_fn_params<'a, 'b>(
     fn_resolver: &mut FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b>,
-    args: impl Iterator<Item = &'b ast::KernelArgument<&'a str>>,
-) -> Result<Vec<ast::KernelArgument<spirv::Word>>, TranslateError> {
-    args.map(|a| {
-        Ok(ast::KernelArgument {
-            name: fn_resolver.add_def(
-                a.name,
-                Some(ast::Type::from(a.v_type.clone()).param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Param)?),
-                false,
-            ),
+    args: &'b [ast::Variable<&'a str>],
+) -> Vec<ast::Variable<spirv::Word>> {
+    args.iter()
+        .map(|a| ast::Variable {
+            name: fn_resolver.add_def(a.name, Some((a.v_type.clone(), a.state_space)), true),
             v_type: a.v_type.clone(),
+            state_space: a.state_space,
             align: a.align,
-            array_init: Vec::new(),
+            array_init: a.array_init.clone(),
         })
-    })
-    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()
-}
-
-fn expand_fn_params<'a, 'b>(
-    fn_resolver: &mut FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b>,
-    args: impl Iterator<Item = &'b ast::FnArgument<&'a str>>,
-) -> Result<Vec<ast::FnArgument<spirv::Word>>, TranslateError> {
-    args.map(|a| {
-        let is_variable = match a.v_type {
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        };
-        let var_type = a.v_type.to_func_type();
-        Ok(ast::FnArgument {
-            name: fn_resolver.add_def(a.name, Some(var_type), is_variable),
-            v_type: a.v_type.clone(),
-            align: a.align,
-            array_init: Vec::new(),
-        })
-    })
-    .collect()
+        .collect()
 }
 
 fn to_ssa<'input, 'b>(
     ptx_impl_imports: &mut HashMap<String, Directive>,
     mut id_defs: FnStringIdResolver<'input, 'b>,
     fn_defs: GlobalFnDeclResolver<'input, 'b>,
-    f_args: ast::MethodDecl<'input, spirv::Word>,
+    func_decl: Rc<RefCell<ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, spirv::Word>>>,
     f_body: Option<Vec<ast::Statement<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>>>>,
     tuning: Vec<ast::TuningDirective>,
 ) -> Result<Function<'input>, TranslateError> {
-    let mut spirv_decl = SpirvMethodDecl::new(&f_args);
+    //deparamize_function_decl(&func_decl)?;
     let f_body = match f_body {
         Some(vec) => vec,
         None => {
             return Ok(Function {
-                func_decl: f_args,
+                func_decl: func_decl,
                 body: None,
                 globals: Vec::new(),
                 import_as: None,
-                spirv_decl,
                 tuning,
             })
         }
@@ -1345,15 +1237,14 @@ fn to_ssa<'input, 'b>(
     let unadorned_statements = normalize_predicates(normalized_ids, &mut numeric_id_defs)?;
     let typed_statements =
         convert_to_typed_statements(unadorned_statements, &fn_defs, &mut numeric_id_defs)?;
-    let typed_statements =
-        convert_to_stateful_memory_access(&mut spirv_decl, typed_statements, &mut numeric_id_defs)?;
+    let (func_decl, typed_statements) =
+        convert_to_stateful_memory_access(func_decl, typed_statements, &mut numeric_id_defs)?;
     let ssa_statements = insert_mem_ssa_statements(
         typed_statements,
         &mut numeric_id_defs,
-        &f_args,
-        &mut spirv_decl,
+        &mut (*func_decl).borrow_mut(),
     )?;
-    let ssa_statements = fix_builtins(ssa_statements, &mut numeric_id_defs)?;
+    let ssa_statements = fix_special_registers(ssa_statements, &mut numeric_id_defs)?;
     let mut numeric_id_defs = numeric_id_defs.finish();
     let expanded_statements = expand_arguments(ssa_statements, &mut numeric_id_defs)?;
     let expanded_statements =
@@ -1363,16 +1254,15 @@ fn to_ssa<'input, 'b>(
     let (f_body, globals) =
         extract_globals(labeled_statements, ptx_impl_imports, &mut numeric_id_defs);
     Ok(Function {
-        func_decl: f_args,
+        func_decl: func_decl,
         globals: globals,
         body: Some(f_body),
         import_as: None,
-        spirv_decl,
         tuning,
     })
 }
 
-fn fix_builtins(
+fn fix_special_registers(
     typed_statements: Vec<TypedStatement>,
     numeric_id_defs: &mut NumericIdResolver,
 ) -> Result<Vec<TypedStatement>, TranslateError> {
@@ -1408,7 +1298,8 @@ fn fix_builtins(
                             continue;
                         }
                     };
-                    let temp_id = numeric_id_defs.new_non_variable(Some(details.typ.clone()));
+                    let temp_id = numeric_id_defs
+                        .register_intermediate(Some((details.typ.clone(), details.state_space)));
                     let real_dst = details.arg.dst;
                     details.arg.dst = temp_id;
                     result.push(Statement::LoadVar(LoadVarDetails {
@@ -1416,17 +1307,18 @@ fn fix_builtins(
                             src: sreg_src,
                             dst: temp_id,
                         },
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Sreg,
                         typ: ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_typ),
                         member_index: Some((index, Some(vector_width))),
                     }));
                     result.push(Statement::Conversion(ImplicitConversion {
                         src: temp_id,
                         dst: real_dst,
-                        from: ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_typ),
-                        to: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                        from_type: ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_typ),
+                        from_space: ast::StateSpace::Sreg,
+                        to_type: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                        to_space: ast::StateSpace::Sreg,
                         kind: ConversionKind::Default,
-                        src_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
-                        dst_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
                     }));
                 }
             }
@@ -1456,10 +1348,7 @@ fn extract_globals<'input, 'b>(
     sorted_statements: Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
     ptx_impl_imports: &mut HashMap<String, Directive>,
     id_def: &mut NumericIdResolver,
-) -> (
-    Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
-    Vec<ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, spirv::Word>>,
-) {
+) -> (Vec<ExpandedStatement>, Vec<ast::Variable<spirv::Word>>) {
     let mut local = Vec::with_capacity(sorted_statements.len());
     let mut global = Vec::new();
     for statement in sorted_statements {
@@ -1468,7 +1357,7 @@ fn extract_globals<'input, 'b>(
                 var
                 @
                 ast::Variable {
-                    v_type: ast::VariableType::Shared(_),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Shared,
                     ..
                 },
             )
@@ -1476,7 +1365,7 @@ fn extract_globals<'input, 'b>(
                 var
                 @
                 ast::Variable {
-                    v_type: ast::VariableType::Global(_),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Global,
                     ..
                 },
             ) => global.push(var),
@@ -1505,7 +1394,7 @@ fn extract_globals<'input, 'b>(
                     d,
                     a,
                     "inc",
-                    ast::SizedScalarType::U32,
+                    ast::ScalarType::U32,
                 ));
             }
             Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Atom(
@@ -1527,7 +1416,7 @@ fn extract_globals<'input, 'b>(
                     d,
                     a,
                     "dec",
-                    ast::SizedScalarType::U32,
+                    ast::ScalarType::U32,
                 ));
             }
             Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Atom(
@@ -1553,10 +1442,9 @@ fn extract_globals<'input, 'b>(
                     space,
                 };
                 let (op, typ) = match typ {
-                    ast::FloatType::F32 => ("add_f32", ast::SizedScalarType::F32),
-                    ast::FloatType::F64 => ("add_f64", ast::SizedScalarType::F64),
-                    ast::FloatType::F16 => unreachable!(),
-                    ast::FloatType::F16x2 => unreachable!(),
+                    ast::ScalarType::F32 => ("add_f32", ast::ScalarType::F32),
+                    ast::ScalarType::F64 => ("add_f64", ast::ScalarType::F64),
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
                 local.push(to_ptx_impl_atomic_call(
                     id_def,
@@ -1599,47 +1487,13 @@ fn convert_to_typed_statements(
         match s {
             Statement::Instruction(inst) => match inst {
                 ast::Instruction::Call(call) => {
-                    // TODO: error out if lengths don't match
-                    let fn_def = fn_defs.get_fn_decl(call.func)?;
-                    let out_args = to_resolved_fn_args(call.ret_params, &*fn_def.ret_vals);
-                    let in_args = to_resolved_fn_args(call.param_list, &*fn_def.params);
-                    let (out_params, out_non_params): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = out_args
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .partition(|(_, arg_type)| arg_type.is_param());
-                    let normalized_input_args = out_params
-                        .into_iter()
-                        .map(|(id, typ)| (ast::Operand::Reg(id), typ))
-                        .chain(in_args.into_iter())
-                        .collect();
-                    let resolved_call = ResolvedCall {
-                        uniform: call.uniform,
-                        ret_params: out_non_params,
-                        func: call.func,
-                        param_list: normalized_input_args,
-                    };
+                    let resolver = fn_defs.get_fn_sig_resolver(call.func)?;
+                    let resolved_call = resolver.resolve_in_spirv_repr(call)?;
                     let mut visitor = VectorRepackVisitor::new(&mut result, id_defs);
                     let reresolved_call = resolved_call.visit(&mut visitor)?;
                     visitor.func.push(reresolved_call);
                     visitor.func.extend(visitor.post_stmts);
                 }
-                ast::Instruction::Mov(mut d, ast::Arg2Mov { dst, src }) => {
-                    if let Some(src_id) = src.underlying() {
-                        let (typ, _) = id_defs.get_typed(*src_id)?;
-                        let take_address = match typ {
-                            ast::Type::Scalar(_) => false,
-                            ast::Type::Vector(_, _) => false,
-                            ast::Type::Array(_, _) => true,
-                            ast::Type::Pointer(_, _) => true,
-                        };
-                        d.src_is_address = take_address;
-                    }
-                    let mut visitor = VectorRepackVisitor::new(&mut result, id_defs);
-                    let instruction = Statement::Instruction(
-                        ast::Instruction::Mov(d, ast::Arg2Mov { dst, src }).map(&mut visitor)?,
-                    );
-                    visitor.func.push(instruction);
-                    visitor.func.extend(visitor.post_stmts);
-                }
                 inst => {
                     let mut visitor = VectorRepackVisitor::new(&mut result, id_defs);
                     let instruction = Statement::Instruction(inst.map(&mut visitor)?);
@@ -1674,8 +1528,14 @@ impl<'a, 'b> VectorRepackVisitor<'a, 'b> {
     fn convert_vector(
         &mut self,
         is_dst: bool,
-        vector_sema: ArgumentSemantics,
+        non_default_implicit_conversion: Option<
+            fn(
+                (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+                (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+            ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError>,
+        >,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
         idx: Vec<spirv::Word>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         // mov.u32 foobar, {a,b};
@@ -1683,13 +1543,15 @@ impl<'a, 'b> VectorRepackVisitor<'a, 'b> {
             ast::Type::Vector(scalar_t, _) => *scalar_t,
             _ => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
         };
-        let temp_vec = self.id_def.new_non_variable(Some(typ.clone()));
+        let temp_vec = self
+            .id_def
+            .register_intermediate(Some((typ.clone(), state_space)));
         let statement = Statement::RepackVector(RepackVectorDetails {
             is_extract: is_dst,
             typ: scalar_t,
             packed: temp_vec,
             unpacked: idx,
-            vector_sema,
+            non_default_implicit_conversion,
         });
         if is_dst {
             self.post_stmts = Some(statement);
@@ -1706,7 +1568,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> ArgumentMapVisitor<NormalizedArgParams, TypedArgParams>
     fn id(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        _: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        _: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         Ok(desc.op)
     }
@@ -1715,15 +1577,20 @@ impl<'a, 'b> ArgumentMapVisitor<NormalizedArgParams, TypedArgParams>
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<ast::Operand<spirv::Word>>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<TypedOperand, TranslateError> {
         Ok(match desc.op {
             ast::Operand::Reg(reg) => TypedOperand::Reg(reg),
             ast::Operand::RegOffset(reg, offset) => TypedOperand::RegOffset(reg, offset),
             ast::Operand::Imm(x) => TypedOperand::Imm(x),
             ast::Operand::VecMember(vec, idx) => TypedOperand::VecMember(vec, idx),
-            ast::Operand::VecPack(vec) => {
-                TypedOperand::Reg(self.convert_vector(desc.is_dst, desc.sema, typ, vec)?)
-            }
+            ast::Operand::VecPack(vec) => TypedOperand::Reg(self.convert_vector(
+                desc.is_dst,
+                desc.non_default_implicit_conversion,
+                typ,
+                state_space,
+                vec,
+            )?),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -1735,7 +1602,7 @@ fn to_ptx_impl_atomic_call(
     details: ast::AtomDetails,
     arg: ast::Arg3<ExpandedArgParams>,
     op: &'static str,
-    typ: ast::SizedScalarType,
+    typ: ast::ScalarType,
 ) -> ExpandedStatement {
     let semantics = ptx_semantics_name(details.semantics);
     let scope = ptx_scope_name(details.scope);
@@ -1745,75 +1612,70 @@ fn to_ptx_impl_atomic_call(
         semantics, scope, space, op
     );
     // TODO: extract to a function
-    let ptr_space = match details.space {
-        ast::AtomSpace::Generic => ast::PointerStateSpace::Generic,
-        ast::AtomSpace::Global => ast::PointerStateSpace::Global,
-        ast::AtomSpace::Shared => ast::PointerStateSpace::Shared,
-    };
+    let ptr_space = details.space;
     let scalar_typ = ast::ScalarType::from(typ);
     let fn_id = match ptx_impl_imports.entry(fn_name) {
         hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
-            let fn_id = id_defs.new_non_variable(None);
-            let func_decl = ast::MethodDecl::Func::<spirv::Word>(
-                vec![ast::FnArgument {
+            let fn_id = id_defs.register_intermediate(None);
+            let func_decl = ast::MethodDeclaration::<spirv::Word> {
+                return_arguments: vec![ast::Variable {
                     align: None,
-                    v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(scalar_typ)),
-                    name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                    v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_typ),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                    name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                     array_init: Vec::new(),
                 }],
-                fn_id,
-                vec![
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                name: ast::MethodName::Func(fn_id),
+                input_arguments: vec![
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Pointer(
-                            typ, ptr_space,
-                        )),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Pointer(typ, ptr_space),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(scalar_typ)),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_typ),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
                 ],
-            );
-            let spirv_decl = SpirvMethodDecl::new(&func_decl);
+                shared_mem: None,
+            };
             let func = Function {
-                func_decl,
+                func_decl: Rc::new(RefCell::new(func_decl)),
                 globals: Vec::new(),
                 body: None,
                 import_as: Some(entry.key().clone()),
-                spirv_decl,
                 tuning: Vec::new(),
             };
             entry.insert(Directive::Method(func));
             fn_id
         }
         hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => match entry.get() {
-            Directive::Method(Function {
-                func_decl: ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, name, _),
-                ..
-            }) => *name,
+            Directive::Method(Function { func_decl, .. }) => match (**func_decl).borrow().name {
+                ast::MethodName::Func(fn_id) => fn_id,
+                ast::MethodName::Kernel(_) => unreachable!(),
+            },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         },
     };
     Statement::Call(ResolvedCall {
         uniform: false,
-        func: fn_id,
-        ret_params: vec![(
-            arg.dst,
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(scalar_typ)),
-        )],
-        param_list: vec![
+        name: fn_id,
+        return_arguments: vec![(arg.dst, ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_typ), ast::StateSpace::Reg)],
+        input_arguments: vec![
             (
                 arg.src1,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Pointer(typ, ptr_space)),
+                ast::Type::Pointer(typ, ptr_space),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
             (
                 arg.src2,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(scalar_typ)),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_typ),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
         ],
     })
@@ -1822,93 +1684,92 @@ fn to_ptx_impl_atomic_call(
 fn to_ptx_impl_bfe_call(
     id_defs: &mut NumericIdResolver,
     ptx_impl_imports: &mut HashMap<String, Directive>,
-    typ: ast::IntType,
+    typ: ast::ScalarType,
     arg: ast::Arg4<ExpandedArgParams>,
 ) -> ExpandedStatement {
     let prefix = "__zluda_ptx_impl__";
     let suffix = match typ {
-        ast::IntType::U32 => "bfe_u32",
-        ast::IntType::U64 => "bfe_u64",
-        ast::IntType::S32 => "bfe_s32",
-        ast::IntType::S64 => "bfe_s64",
+        ast::ScalarType::U32 => "bfe_u32",
+        ast::ScalarType::U64 => "bfe_u64",
+        ast::ScalarType::S32 => "bfe_s32",
+        ast::ScalarType::S64 => "bfe_s64",
         _ => unreachable!(),
     };
     let fn_name = format!("{}{}", prefix, suffix);
     let fn_id = match ptx_impl_imports.entry(fn_name) {
         hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
-            let fn_id = id_defs.new_non_variable(None);
-            let func_decl = ast::MethodDecl::Func::<spirv::Word>(
-                vec![ast::FnArgument {
+            let fn_id = id_defs.register_intermediate(None);
+            let func_decl = ast::MethodDeclaration::<spirv::Word> {
+                return_arguments: vec![ast::Variable {
                     align: None,
-                    v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
-                    name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                    v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                    name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                     array_init: Vec::new(),
                 }],
-                fn_id,
-                vec![
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                name: ast::MethodName::Func(fn_id),
+                input_arguments: vec![
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(
-                            ast::ScalarType::U32,
-                        )),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(
-                            ast::ScalarType::U32,
-                        )),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
                 ],
-            );
-            let spirv_decl = SpirvMethodDecl::new(&func_decl);
+                shared_mem: None,
+            };
             let func = Function {
-                func_decl,
+                func_decl: Rc::new(RefCell::new(func_decl)),
                 globals: Vec::new(),
                 body: None,
                 import_as: Some(entry.key().clone()),
-                spirv_decl,
                 tuning: Vec::new(),
             };
             entry.insert(Directive::Method(func));
             fn_id
         }
         hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => match entry.get() {
-            Directive::Method(Function {
-                func_decl: ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, name, _),
-                ..
-            }) => *name,
+            Directive::Method(Function { func_decl, .. }) => match (**func_decl).borrow().name {
+                ast::MethodName::Func(fn_id) => fn_id,
+                ast::MethodName::Kernel(_) => unreachable!(),
+            },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         },
     };
     Statement::Call(ResolvedCall {
         uniform: false,
-        func: fn_id,
-        ret_params: vec![(
-            arg.dst,
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
-        )],
-        param_list: vec![
+        name: fn_id,
+        return_arguments: vec![(arg.dst, ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()), ast::StateSpace::Reg)],
+        input_arguments: vec![
             (
                 arg.src1,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
             (
                 arg.src2,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32)),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
             (
                 arg.src3,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32)),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
         ],
     })
@@ -1917,117 +1778,107 @@ fn to_ptx_impl_bfe_call(
 fn to_ptx_impl_bfi_call(
     id_defs: &mut NumericIdResolver,
     ptx_impl_imports: &mut HashMap<String, Directive>,
-    typ: ast::BitType,
+    typ: ast::ScalarType,
     arg: ast::Arg5<ExpandedArgParams>,
 ) -> ExpandedStatement {
     let prefix = "__zluda_ptx_impl__";
     let suffix = match typ {
-        ast::BitType::B32 => "bfi_b32",
-        ast::BitType::B64 => "bfi_b64",
-        ast::BitType::B8 | ast::BitType::B16 => unreachable!(),
+        ast::ScalarType::B32 => "bfi_b32",
+        ast::ScalarType::B64 => "bfi_b64",
+        _ => unreachable!(),
     };
     let fn_name = format!("{}{}", prefix, suffix);
     let fn_id = match ptx_impl_imports.entry(fn_name) {
         hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
-            let fn_id = id_defs.new_non_variable(None);
-            let func_decl = ast::MethodDecl::Func::<spirv::Word>(
-                vec![ast::FnArgument {
+            let fn_id = id_defs.register_intermediate(None);
+            let func_decl = ast::MethodDeclaration::<spirv::Word> {
+                return_arguments: vec![ast::Variable {
                     align: None,
-                    v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
-                    name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                    v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                    name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                     array_init: Vec::new(),
                 }],
-                fn_id,
-                vec![
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                name: ast::MethodName::Func(fn_id),
+                input_arguments: vec![
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(
-                            ast::ScalarType::U32,
-                        )),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
-                    ast::FnArgument {
+                    ast::Variable {
                         align: None,
-                        v_type: ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(
-                            ast::ScalarType::U32,
-                        )),
-                        name: id_defs.new_non_variable(None),
+                        v_type: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                        name: id_defs.register_intermediate(None),
                         array_init: Vec::new(),
                     },
                 ],
-            );
-            let spirv_decl = SpirvMethodDecl::new(&func_decl);
+                shared_mem: None,
+            };
             let func = Function {
-                func_decl,
+                func_decl: Rc::new(RefCell::new(func_decl)),
                 globals: Vec::new(),
                 body: None,
                 import_as: Some(entry.key().clone()),
-                spirv_decl,
                 tuning: Vec::new(),
             };
             entry.insert(Directive::Method(func));
             fn_id
         }
         hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => match entry.get() {
-            Directive::Method(Function {
-                func_decl: ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, name, _),
-                ..
-            }) => *name,
+            Directive::Method(Function { func_decl, .. }) => match (**func_decl).borrow().name {
+                ast::MethodName::Func(fn_id) => fn_id,
+                ast::MethodName::Kernel(_) => unreachable!(),
+            },
             _ => unreachable!(),
         },
     };
     Statement::Call(ResolvedCall {
         uniform: false,
-        func: fn_id,
-        ret_params: vec![(
-            arg.dst,
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
-        )],
-        param_list: vec![
+        name: fn_id,
+        return_arguments: vec![(arg.dst, ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()), ast::StateSpace::Reg)],
+        input_arguments: vec![
             (
                 arg.src1,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
             (
                 arg.src2,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(typ.into())),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(typ.into()),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
             (
                 arg.src3,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32)),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
             (
                 arg.src4,
-                ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32)),
+                ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
             ),
         ],
     })
 }
 
-fn to_resolved_fn_args<T>(
-    params: Vec<T>,
-    params_decl: &[ast::FnArgumentType],
-) -> Vec<(T, ast::FnArgumentType)> {
-    params
-        .into_iter()
-        .zip(params_decl.iter())
-        .map(|(id, typ)| (id, typ.clone()))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-}
-
 fn normalize_labels(
     func: Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
     id_def: &mut NumericIdResolver,
@@ -2056,7 +1907,7 @@ fn normalize_labels(
             | Statement::RepackVector(..) => {}
         }
     }
-    iter::once(Statement::Label(id_def.new_non_variable(None)))
+    iter::once(Statement::Label(id_def.register_intermediate(None)))
         .chain(func.into_iter().filter(|s| match s {
             Statement::Label(i) => labels_in_use.contains(i),
             _ => true,
@@ -2074,8 +1925,8 @@ fn normalize_predicates(
             Statement::Label(id) => result.push(Statement::Label(id)),
             Statement::Instruction((pred, inst)) => {
                 if let Some(pred) = pred {
-                    let if_true = id_def.new_non_variable(None);
-                    let if_false = id_def.new_non_variable(None);
+                    let if_true = id_def.register_intermediate(None);
+                    let if_false = id_def.register_intermediate(None);
                     let folded_bra = match &inst {
                         ast::Instruction::Bra(_, arg) => Some(arg.src),
                         _ => None,
@@ -2106,53 +1957,52 @@ fn normalize_predicates(
     Ok(result)
 }
 
+/*
+    How do we handle arguments:
+    - input .params in kernels
+        .param .b64 in_arg
+      get turned into this SPIR-V:
+        %1 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
+        %2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
+             OpStore %2 %1
+      We do this for two reasons. One, common treatment for argument-declared
+      .param variables and .param variables inside function (we assume that
+      at SPIR-V level every .param is a pointer in Function storage class)
+    - input .params in functions
+        .param .b64 in_arg
+      get turned into this SPIR-V:
+        %1 = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Function_ulong
+    - input .regs
+        .reg .b64 in_arg
+      get turned into the same SPIR-V as kernel .params:
+        %1 = OpFunctionParameter %ulong
+        %2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_ulong Function
+             OpStore %2 %1
+    - output .regs
+        .reg .b64 out_arg
+      get just a variable declaration:
+        %2 = OpVariable %%_ptr_Function_ulong Function
+    - output .params don't exist, they have been moved to input positions
+      by an earlier pass
+    Distinguishing betweem kernel .params and function .params is not the
+    cleanest solution. Alternatively, we could "deparamize" all kernel .param
+    arguments by turning them into .reg arguments like this:
+        .param .b64 arg -> .reg ptr<.b64,.param> arg
+    This has the massive downside that this transformation would have to run
+    very early and would muddy up already difficult code. It's simpler to just
+    have an if here
+*/
 fn insert_mem_ssa_statements<'a, 'b>(
     func: Vec<TypedStatement>,
     id_def: &mut NumericIdResolver,
-    ast_fn_decl: &'a ast::MethodDecl<'b, spirv::Word>,
-    fn_decl: &mut SpirvMethodDecl,
+    fn_decl: &'a mut ast::MethodDeclaration<'b, spirv::Word>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<TypedStatement>, TranslateError> {
-    let is_func = match ast_fn_decl {
-        ast::MethodDecl::Func(..) => true,
-        ast::MethodDecl::Kernel { .. } => false,
-    };
     let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(func.len());
-    for arg in fn_decl.output.iter() {
-        match type_to_variable_type(&arg.v_type, is_func)? {
-            Some(var_type) => {
-                result.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
-                    align: arg.align,
-                    v_type: var_type,
-                    name: arg.name,
-                    array_init: arg.array_init.clone(),
-                }));
-            }
-            None => return Err(error_unreachable()),
-        }
+    for arg in fn_decl.input_arguments.iter_mut() {
+        insert_mem_ssa_argument(id_def, &mut result, arg, fn_decl.name.is_kernel());
     }
-    for spirv_arg in fn_decl.input.iter_mut() {
-        match type_to_variable_type(&spirv_arg.v_type, is_func)? {
-            Some(var_type) => {
-                let typ = spirv_arg.v_type.clone();
-                let new_id = id_def.new_non_variable(Some(typ.clone()));
-                result.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
-                    align: spirv_arg.align,
-                    v_type: var_type,
-                    name: spirv_arg.name,
-                    array_init: spirv_arg.array_init.clone(),
-                }));
-                result.push(Statement::StoreVar(StoreVarDetails {
-                    arg: ast::Arg2St {
-                        src1: spirv_arg.name,
-                        src2: new_id,
-                    },
-                    typ,
-                    member_index: None,
-                }));
-                spirv_arg.name = new_id;
-            }
-            None => {}
-        }
+    for arg in fn_decl.return_arguments.iter() {
+        insert_mem_ssa_argument_reg_return(&mut result, arg);
     }
     for s in func {
         match s {
@@ -2162,32 +2012,41 @@ fn insert_mem_ssa_statements<'a, 'b>(
             Statement::Instruction(inst) => match inst {
                 ast::Instruction::Ret(d) => {
                     // TODO: handle multiple output args
-                    if let &[out_param] = &fn_decl.output.as_slice() {
-                        let (typ, _) = id_def.get_typed(out_param.name)?;
-                        let new_id = id_def.new_non_variable(Some(typ.clone()));
-                        result.push(Statement::LoadVar(LoadVarDetails {
-                            arg: ast::Arg2 {
-                                dst: new_id,
-                                src: out_param.name,
-                            },
-                            typ: typ.clone(),
-                            member_index: None,
-                        }));
-                        result.push(Statement::RetValue(d, new_id));
-                    } else {
-                        result.push(Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Ret(d)))
+                    match &fn_decl.return_arguments[..] {
+                        [return_reg] => {
+                            let new_id = id_def.register_intermediate(Some((
+                                return_reg.v_type.clone(),
+                                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                            )));
+                            result.push(Statement::LoadVar(LoadVarDetails {
+                                arg: ast::Arg2 {
+                                    dst: new_id,
+                                    src: return_reg.name,
+                                },
+                                // TODO: ret with stateful conversion
+                                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                                typ: return_reg.v_type.clone(),
+                                member_index: None,
+                            }));
+                            result.push(Statement::RetValue(d, new_id));
+                        }
+                        [] => result.push(Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Ret(d))),
+                        _ => unimplemented!(),
                     }
                 }
                 inst => insert_mem_ssa_statement_default(id_def, &mut result, inst)?,
             },
             Statement::Conditional(mut bra) => {
-                let generated_id =
-                    id_def.new_non_variable(Some(ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred)));
+                let generated_id = id_def.register_intermediate(Some((
+                    ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
+                    ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                )));
                 result.push(Statement::LoadVar(LoadVarDetails {
                     arg: Arg2 {
                         dst: generated_id,
                         src: bra.predicate,
                     },
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
                     typ: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
                     member_index: None,
                 }));
@@ -2210,39 +2069,45 @@ fn insert_mem_ssa_statements<'a, 'b>(
     Ok(result)
 }
 
-fn type_to_variable_type(
-    t: &ast::Type,
-    is_func: bool,
-) -> Result<Option<ast::VariableType>, TranslateError> {
-    Ok(match t {
-        ast::Type::Scalar(typ) => Some(ast::VariableType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Scalar(*typ))),
-        ast::Type::Vector(typ, len) => Some(ast::VariableType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Vector(
-            (*typ)
-                .try_into()
-                .map_err(|_| TranslateError::MismatchedType)?,
-            *len,
-        ))),
-        ast::Type::Array(typ, len) => Some(ast::VariableType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Array(
-            (*typ)
-                .try_into()
-                .map_err(|_| TranslateError::MismatchedType)?,
-            len.clone(),
-        ))),
-        ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Scalar(scalar_type), space) => {
-            if is_func {
-                return Ok(None);
-            }
-            Some(ast::VariableType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Pointer(
-                scalar_type
-                    .clone()
-                    .try_into()
-                    .map_err(|_| error_unreachable())?,
-                (*space).try_into().map_err(|_| error_unreachable())?,
-            )))
-        }
-        ast::Type::Pointer(_, ast::LdStateSpace::Shared) => None,
-        _ => return Err(error_unreachable()),
-    })
+fn insert_mem_ssa_argument(
+    id_def: &mut NumericIdResolver,
+    func: &mut Vec<TypedStatement>,
+    arg: &mut ast::Variable<spirv::Word>,
+    is_kernel: bool,
+) {
+    if !is_kernel && arg.state_space == ast::StateSpace::Param {
+        return;
+    }
+    let new_id = id_def.register_intermediate(Some((arg.v_type.clone(), arg.state_space)));
+    func.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
+        align: arg.align,
+        v_type: arg.v_type.clone(),
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+        name: arg.name,
+        array_init: Vec::new(),
+    }));
+    func.push(Statement::StoreVar(StoreVarDetails {
+        arg: ast::Arg2St {
+            src1: arg.name,
+            src2: new_id,
+        },
+        typ: arg.v_type.clone(),
+        member_index: None,
+    }));
+    arg.name = new_id;
+}
+
+fn insert_mem_ssa_argument_reg_return(
+    func: &mut Vec<TypedStatement>,
+    arg: &ast::Variable<spirv::Word>,
+) {
+    func.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
+        align: arg.align,
+        v_type: arg.v_type.clone(),
+        state_space: arg.state_space,
+        name: arg.name,
+        array_init: arg.array_init.clone(),
+    }));
 }
 
 trait Visitable<From: ArgParamsEx, To: ArgParamsEx>: Sized {
@@ -2259,6 +2124,7 @@ struct VisitArgumentDescriptor<
 > {
     desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
     typ: &'a ast::Type,
+    state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     stmt_ctor: Ctor,
 }
 
@@ -2273,7 +2139,9 @@ impl<
         self,
         visitor: &mut impl ArgumentMapVisitor<T, U>,
     ) -> Result<Statement<ast::Instruction<U>, U>, TranslateError> {
-        Ok((self.stmt_ctor)(visitor.id(self.desc, Some(self.typ))?))
+        Ok((self.stmt_ctor)(
+            visitor.id(self.desc, Some((self.typ, self.state_space)))?,
+        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -2287,14 +2155,14 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
     fn symbol(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<(spirv::Word, Option<u8>)>,
-        expected_type: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        expected: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         let symbol = desc.op.0;
-        if expected_type.is_none() {
+        if expected.is_none() {
             return Ok(symbol);
         };
-        let (mut var_type, is_variable) = self.id_def.get_typed(symbol)?;
-        if !is_variable {
+        let (mut var_type, var_space, is_variable) = self.id_def.get_typed(symbol)?;
+        if !var_space.is_compatible(ast::StateSpace::Reg) || !is_variable {
             return Ok(symbol);
         };
         let member_index = match desc.op.1 {
@@ -2317,13 +2185,16 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
             }
             None => None,
         };
-        let generated_id = self.id_def.new_non_variable(Some(var_type.clone()));
+        let generated_id = self
+            .id_def
+            .register_intermediate(Some((var_type.clone(), ast::StateSpace::Reg)));
         if !desc.is_dst {
             self.func.push(Statement::LoadVar(LoadVarDetails {
                 arg: Arg2 {
                     dst: generated_id,
                     src: symbol,
                 },
+                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
                 typ: var_type,
                 member_index,
             }));
@@ -2348,7 +2219,7 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ArgumentMapVisitor<TypedArgParams, TypedArgParams>
     fn id(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        typ: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        typ: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         self.symbol(desc.new_op((desc.op, None)), typ)
     }
@@ -2357,18 +2228,20 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ArgumentMapVisitor<TypedArgParams, TypedArgParams>
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<TypedOperand>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<TypedOperand, TranslateError> {
         Ok(match desc.op {
             TypedOperand::Reg(reg) => {
-                TypedOperand::Reg(self.symbol(desc.new_op((reg, None)), Some(typ))?)
-            }
-            TypedOperand::RegOffset(reg, offset) => {
-                TypedOperand::RegOffset(self.symbol(desc.new_op((reg, None)), Some(typ))?, offset)
+                TypedOperand::Reg(self.symbol(desc.new_op((reg, None)), Some((typ, state_space)))?)
             }
+            TypedOperand::RegOffset(reg, offset) => TypedOperand::RegOffset(
+                self.symbol(desc.new_op((reg, None)), Some((typ, state_space)))?,
+                offset,
+            ),
             op @ TypedOperand::Imm(..) => op,
-            TypedOperand::VecMember(symbol, index) => {
-                TypedOperand::Reg(self.symbol(desc.new_op((symbol, Some(index))), Some(typ))?)
-            }
+            TypedOperand::VecMember(symbol, index) => TypedOperand::Reg(
+                self.symbol(desc.new_op((symbol, Some(index))), Some((typ, state_space)))?,
+            ),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -2411,11 +2284,13 @@ fn expand_arguments<'a, 'b>(
             Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
                 align,
                 v_type,
+                state_space,
                 name,
                 array_init,
             }) => result.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
                 align,
                 v_type,
+                state_space,
                 name,
                 array_init,
             })),
@@ -2464,7 +2339,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FlattenArguments<'a, 'b> {
     fn reg(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        _: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        _: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         Ok(desc.op)
     }
@@ -2473,108 +2348,86 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FlattenArguments<'a, 'b> {
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<(spirv::Word, i32)>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         let (reg, offset) = desc.op;
-        let add_type;
-        match typ {
-            ast::Type::Pointer(underlying_type, state_space) => {
-                let reg_typ = self.id_def.get_typed(reg)?;
-                if let ast::Type::Pointer(_, _) = reg_typ {
-                    let id_constant_stmt = self.id_def.new_non_variable(typ.clone());
-                    self.func.push(Statement::Constant(ConstantDefinition {
-                        dst: id_constant_stmt,
-                        typ: ast::ScalarType::S64,
-                        value: ast::ImmediateValue::S64(offset as i64),
-                    }));
-                    let dst = self.id_def.new_non_variable(typ.clone());
-                    self.func.push(Statement::PtrAccess(PtrAccess {
-                        underlying_type: underlying_type.clone(),
-                        state_space: *state_space,
-                        dst,
-                        ptr_src: reg,
-                        offset_src: id_constant_stmt,
-                    }));
-                    return Ok(dst);
-                } else {
-                    add_type = self.id_def.get_typed(reg)?;
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {
-                add_type = typ.clone();
+        if !desc.is_memory_access {
+            let (reg_type, reg_space) = self.id_def.get_typed(reg)?;
+            if !reg_space.is_compatible(ast::StateSpace::Reg) {
+                return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
             }
-        };
-        let (width, kind) = match add_type {
-            ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_t) => {
-                let kind = match scalar_t.kind() {
-                    kind @ ScalarKind::Bit
-                    | kind @ ScalarKind::Unsigned
-                    | kind @ ScalarKind::Signed => kind,
-                    ScalarKind::Float => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
-                    ScalarKind::Float2 => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
-                    ScalarKind::Pred => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
-                };
-                (scalar_t.size_of(), kind)
-            }
-            _ => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
-        };
-        let arith_detail = if kind == ScalarKind::Signed {
-            ast::ArithDetails::Signed(ast::ArithSInt {
-                typ: ast::SIntType::from_size(width),
-                saturate: false,
-            })
-        } else {
-            ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::UIntType::from_size(width))
-        };
-        let id_constant_stmt = self.id_def.new_non_variable(add_type.clone());
-        let result_id = self.id_def.new_non_variable(add_type);
-        // TODO: check for edge cases around min value/max value/wrapping
-        if offset < 0 && kind != ScalarKind::Signed {
+            let reg_scalar_type = match reg_type {
+                ast::Type::Scalar(underlying_type) => underlying_type,
+                _ => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
+            };
+            let id_constant_stmt = self
+                .id_def
+                .register_intermediate(reg_type.clone(), ast::StateSpace::Reg);
             self.func.push(Statement::Constant(ConstantDefinition {
                 dst: id_constant_stmt,
-                typ: ast::ScalarType::from_parts(width, kind),
-                value: ast::ImmediateValue::U64(-(offset as i64) as u64),
+                typ: reg_scalar_type,
+                value: ast::ImmediateValue::S64(offset as i64),
             }));
-            self.func.push(Statement::Instruction(
-                ast::Instruction::<ExpandedArgParams>::Sub(
-                    arith_detail,
-                    ast::Arg3 {
-                        dst: result_id,
-                        src1: reg,
-                        src2: id_constant_stmt,
-                    },
-                ),
-            ));
+            let arith_details = match reg_scalar_type.kind() {
+                ast::ScalarKind::Signed => ast::ArithDetails::Signed(ast::ArithSInt {
+                    typ: reg_scalar_type,
+                    saturate: false,
+                }),
+                ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned | ast::ScalarKind::Bit => {
+                    ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(reg_scalar_type)
+                }
+                _ => return Err(error_unreachable()),
+            };
+            let id_add_result = self.id_def.register_intermediate(reg_type, state_space);
+            self.func.push(Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Add(
+                arith_details,
+                ast::Arg3 {
+                    dst: id_add_result,
+                    src1: reg,
+                    src2: id_constant_stmt,
+                },
+            )));
+            Ok(id_add_result)
         } else {
+            let scalar_type = match typ {
+                ast::Type::Scalar(underlying_type) => *underlying_type,
+                _ => return Err(error_unreachable()),
+            };
+            let id_constant_stmt = self.id_def.register_intermediate(
+                ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+            );
             self.func.push(Statement::Constant(ConstantDefinition {
                 dst: id_constant_stmt,
-                typ: ast::ScalarType::from_parts(width, kind),
+                typ: ast::ScalarType::S64,
                 value: ast::ImmediateValue::S64(offset as i64),
             }));
-            self.func.push(Statement::Instruction(
-                ast::Instruction::<ExpandedArgParams>::Add(
-                    arith_detail,
-                    ast::Arg3 {
-                        dst: result_id,
-                        src1: reg,
-                        src2: id_constant_stmt,
-                    },
-                ),
-            ));
+            let dst = self.id_def.register_intermediate(typ.clone(), state_space);
+            self.func.push(Statement::PtrAccess(PtrAccess {
+                underlying_type: scalar_type,
+                state_space: state_space,
+                dst,
+                ptr_src: reg,
+                offset_src: id_constant_stmt,
+            }));
+            Ok(dst)
         }
-        Ok(result_id)
     }
 
     fn immediate(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<ast::ImmediateValue>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         let scalar_t = if let ast::Type::Scalar(scalar) = typ {
             *scalar
         } else {
             todo!()
         };
-        let id = self.id_def.new_non_variable(ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_t));
+        let id = self
+            .id_def
+            .register_intermediate(ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_t), state_space);
         self.func.push(Statement::Constant(ConstantDefinition {
             dst: id,
             typ: scalar_t,
@@ -2588,7 +2441,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> ArgumentMapVisitor<TypedArgParams, ExpandedArgParams> for FlattenAr
     fn id(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        t: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        t: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         self.reg(desc, t)
     }
@@ -2597,12 +2450,13 @@ impl<'a, 'b> ArgumentMapVisitor<TypedArgParams, ExpandedArgParams> for FlattenAr
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<TypedOperand>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         match desc.op {
-            TypedOperand::Reg(r) => self.reg(desc.new_op(r), Some(typ)),
-            TypedOperand::Imm(x) => self.immediate(desc.new_op(x), typ),
+            TypedOperand::Reg(r) => self.reg(desc.new_op(r), Some((typ, state_space))),
+            TypedOperand::Imm(x) => self.immediate(desc.new_op(x), typ, state_space),
             TypedOperand::RegOffset(reg, offset) => {
-                self.reg_offset(desc.new_op((reg, offset)), typ)
+                self.reg_offset(desc.new_op((reg, offset)), typ, state_space)
             }
             TypedOperand::VecMember(..) => Err(error_unreachable()),
         }
@@ -2630,79 +2484,18 @@ fn insert_implicit_conversions(
     let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(func.len());
     for s in func.into_iter() {
         match s {
-            Statement::Call(call) => insert_implicit_conversions_impl(
-                &mut result,
-                id_def,
-                call,
-                should_bitcast_wrapper,
-                None,
-            )?,
+            Statement::Call(call) => {
+                insert_implicit_conversions_impl(&mut result, id_def, call)?;
+            }
             Statement::Instruction(inst) => {
-                let mut default_conversion_fn =
-                    should_bitcast_wrapper as for<'a> fn(&'a ast::Type, &'a ast::Type, _) -> _;
-                let mut state_space = None;
-                if let ast::Instruction::Ld(d, _) = &inst {
-                    state_space = Some(d.state_space);
-                }
-                if let ast::Instruction::St(d, _) = &inst {
-                    state_space = Some(d.state_space.to_ld_ss());
-                }
-                if let ast::Instruction::Atom(d, _) = &inst {
-                    state_space = Some(d.space.to_ld_ss());
-                }
-                if let ast::Instruction::AtomCas(d, _) = &inst {
-                    state_space = Some(d.space.to_ld_ss());
-                }
-                if let ast::Instruction::Mov(..) = &inst {
-                    default_conversion_fn = should_bitcast_packed;
-                }
-                insert_implicit_conversions_impl(
-                    &mut result,
-                    id_def,
-                    inst,
-                    default_conversion_fn,
-                    state_space,
-                )?;
+                insert_implicit_conversions_impl(&mut result, id_def, inst)?;
             }
-            Statement::PtrAccess(PtrAccess {
-                underlying_type,
-                state_space,
-                dst,
-                ptr_src,
-                offset_src: constant_src,
-            }) => {
-                let visit_desc = VisitArgumentDescriptor {
-                    desc: ArgumentDescriptor {
-                        op: ptr_src,
-                        is_dst: false,
-                        sema: ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer,
-                    },
-                    typ: &ast::Type::Pointer(underlying_type.clone(), state_space),
-                    stmt_ctor: |new_ptr_src| {
-                        Statement::PtrAccess(PtrAccess {
-                            underlying_type,
-                            state_space,
-                            dst,
-                            ptr_src: new_ptr_src,
-                            offset_src: constant_src,
-                        })
-                    },
-                };
-                insert_implicit_conversions_impl(
-                    &mut result,
-                    id_def,
-                    visit_desc,
-                    bitcast_physical_pointer,
-                    Some(state_space),
-                )?;
+            Statement::PtrAccess(access) => {
+                insert_implicit_conversions_impl(&mut result, id_def, access)?;
+            }
+            Statement::RepackVector(repack) => {
+                insert_implicit_conversions_impl(&mut result, id_def, repack)?;
             }
-            Statement::RepackVector(repack) => insert_implicit_conversions_impl(
-                &mut result,
-                id_def,
-                repack,
-                should_bitcast_wrapper,
-                None,
-            )?,
             s @ Statement::Conditional(_)
             | s @ Statement::Conversion(_)
             | s @ Statement::Label(_)
@@ -2720,72 +2513,56 @@ fn insert_implicit_conversions_impl(
     func: &mut Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
     id_def: &mut MutableNumericIdResolver,
     stmt: impl Visitable<ExpandedArgParams, ExpandedArgParams>,
-    default_conversion_fn: for<'a> fn(
-        &'a ast::Type,
-        &'a ast::Type,
-        Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
-    ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError>,
-    state_space: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
 ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
     let mut post_conv = Vec::new();
-    let statement = stmt.visit(
-        &mut |desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>, typ: Option<&ast::Type>| {
-            let instr_type = match typ {
+    let statement =
+        stmt.visit(&mut |desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
+                         typ: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>| {
+            let (instr_type, instruction_space) = match typ {
                 None => return Ok(desc.op),
                 Some(t) => t,
             };
-            let operand_type = id_def.get_typed(desc.op)?;
-            let mut conversion_fn = default_conversion_fn;
-            match desc.sema {
-                ArgumentSemantics::Default => {}
-                ArgumentSemantics::DefaultRelaxed => {
-                    if desc.is_dst {
-                        conversion_fn = should_convert_relaxed_dst_wrapper;
-                    } else {
-                        conversion_fn = should_convert_relaxed_src_wrapper;
-                    }
-                }
-                ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer => {
-                    conversion_fn = bitcast_physical_pointer;
-                }
-                ArgumentSemantics::RegisterPointer => {
-                    conversion_fn = bitcast_register_pointer;
-                }
-                ArgumentSemantics::Address => {
-                    conversion_fn = force_bitcast_ptr_to_bit;
-                }
-            };
-            match conversion_fn(&operand_type, instr_type, state_space)? {
+            let (operand_type, operand_space) = id_def.get_typed(desc.op)?;
+            let conversion_fn = desc
+                .non_default_implicit_conversion
+                .unwrap_or(default_implicit_conversion);
+            match conversion_fn(
+                (operand_space, &operand_type),
+                (instruction_space, instr_type),
+            )? {
                 Some(conv_kind) => {
                     let conv_output = if desc.is_dst {
                         &mut post_conv
                     } else {
                         &mut *func
                     };
-                    let mut from = instr_type.clone();
-                    let mut to = operand_type;
-                    let mut src = id_def.new_non_variable(instr_type.clone());
+                    let mut from_type = instr_type.clone();
+                    let mut from_space = instruction_space;
+                    let mut to_type = operand_type;
+                    let mut to_space = operand_space;
+                    let mut src =
+                        id_def.register_intermediate(instr_type.clone(), instruction_space);
                     let mut dst = desc.op;
                     let result = Ok(src);
                     if !desc.is_dst {
                         mem::swap(&mut src, &mut dst);
-                        mem::swap(&mut from, &mut to);
+                        mem::swap(&mut from_type, &mut to_type);
+                        mem::swap(&mut from_space, &mut to_space);
                     }
                     conv_output.push(Statement::Conversion(ImplicitConversion {
                         src,
                         dst,
-                        from,
-                        to,
+                        from_type,
+                        from_space,
+                        to_type,
+                        to_space,
                         kind: conv_kind,
-                        src_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
-                        dst_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
                     }));
                     result
                 }
                 None => Ok(desc.op),
             }
-        },
-    )?;
+        })?;
     func.push(statement);
     func.append(&mut post_conv);
     Ok(())
@@ -2794,17 +2571,15 @@ fn insert_implicit_conversions_impl(
 fn get_function_type(
     builder: &mut dr::Builder,
     map: &mut TypeWordMap,
-    spirv_input: &[ast::Variable<ast::Type, spirv::Word>],
-    spirv_output: &[ast::Variable<ast::Type, spirv::Word>],
+    spirv_input: impl Iterator<Item = SpirvType>,
+    spirv_output: &[ast::Variable<spirv::Word>],
 ) -> (spirv::Word, spirv::Word) {
     map.get_or_add_fn(
         builder,
-        spirv_input
-            .iter()
-            .map(|var| SpirvType::from(var.v_type.clone())),
+        spirv_input,
         spirv_output
             .iter()
-            .map(|var| SpirvType::from(var.v_type.clone())),
+            .map(|var| SpirvType::new(var.v_type.clone())),
     )
 }
 
@@ -2831,20 +2606,25 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
         match s {
             Statement::Label(_) => (),
             Statement::Call(call) => {
-                let (result_type, result_id) = match &*call.ret_params {
-                    [(id, typ)] => (
-                        map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(typ.to_func_type())),
-                        Some(*id),
-                    ),
+                let (result_type, result_id) = match &*call.return_arguments {
+                    [(id, typ, space)] => {
+                        if *space != ast::StateSpace::Reg {
+                            return Err(error_unreachable());
+                        }
+                        (
+                            map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(typ.clone())),
+                            Some(*id),
+                        )
+                    }
                     [] => (map.void(), None),
                     _ => todo!(),
                 };
                 let arg_list = call
-                    .param_list
+                    .input_arguments
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|(id, _)| *id)
+                    .map(|(id, _, _)| *id)
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                builder.function_call(result_type, result_id, call.func, arg_list)?;
+                builder.function_call(result_type, result_id, call.name, arg_list)?;
             }
             Statement::Variable(var) => {
                 emit_variable(builder, map, var)?;
@@ -2966,7 +2746,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                         todo!()
                     }
                     let result_type =
-                        map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(ast::Type::from(data.typ.clone())));
+                        map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(ast::Type::from(data.typ.clone())));
                     builder.load(
                         result_type,
                         Some(arg.dst),
@@ -2998,7 +2778,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                 ast::Instruction::Ret(_) => builder.ret()?,
                 ast::Instruction::Mov(d, arg) => {
                     let result_type =
-                        map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(ast::Type::from(d.typ.clone())));
+                        map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(ast::Type::from(d.typ.clone())));
                     builder.copy_object(result_type, Some(arg.dst), arg.src)?;
                 }
                 ast::Instruction::Mul(mul, arg) => match mul {
@@ -3026,20 +2806,20 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                     emit_setp(builder, map, setp, arg)?;
                 }
                 ast::Instruction::Not(t, a) => {
-                    let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(t.to_type()));
+                    let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(*t));
                     let result_id = Some(a.dst);
                     let operand = a.src;
                     match t {
-                        ast::BooleanType::Pred => {
+                        ast::ScalarType::Pred => {
                             logical_not(builder, result_type, result_id, operand)
                         }
                         _ => builder.not(result_type, result_id, operand),
                     }?;
                 }
                 ast::Instruction::Shl(t, a) => {
-                    let full_type = t.to_type();
+                    let full_type = ast::Type::Scalar(*t);
                     let size_of = full_type.size_of();
-                    let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(full_type));
+                    let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(full_type));
                     let offset_src = insert_shift_hack(builder, map, a.src2, size_of)?;
                     builder.shift_left_logical(result_type, Some(a.dst), a.src1, offset_src)?;
                 }
@@ -3048,7 +2828,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                     let size_of = full_type.size_of();
                     let result_type = map.get_or_add_scalar(builder, full_type);
                     let offset_src = insert_shift_hack(builder, map, a.src2, size_of as usize)?;
-                    if t.signed() {
+                    if t.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed {
                         builder.shift_right_arithmetic(
                             result_type,
                             Some(a.dst),
@@ -3088,7 +2868,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                 },
                 ast::Instruction::Or(t, a) => {
                     let result_type = map.get_or_add_scalar(builder, ast::ScalarType::from(*t));
-                    if *t == ast::BooleanType::Pred {
+                    if *t == ast::ScalarType::Pred {
                         builder.logical_or(result_type, Some(a.dst), a.src1, a.src2)?;
                     } else {
                         builder.bitwise_or(result_type, Some(a.dst), a.src1, a.src2)?;
@@ -3116,7 +2896,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                 }
                 ast::Instruction::And(t, a) => {
                     let result_type = map.get_or_add_scalar(builder, ast::ScalarType::from(*t));
-                    if *t == ast::BooleanType::Pred {
+                    if *t == ast::ScalarType::Pred {
                         builder.logical_and(result_type, Some(a.dst), a.src1, a.src2)?;
                     } else {
                         builder.bitwise_and(result_type, Some(a.dst), a.src1, a.src2)?;
@@ -3202,7 +2982,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                 }
                 ast::Instruction::Neg(details, arg) => {
                     let result_type = map.get_or_add_scalar(builder, details.typ);
-                    let negate_func = if details.typ.kind() == ScalarKind::Float {
+                    let negate_func = if details.typ.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Float {
                         dr::Builder::f_negate
                     } else {
                         dr::Builder::s_negate
@@ -3269,7 +3049,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                 }
                 ast::Instruction::Xor { typ, arg } => {
                     let builder_fn = match typ {
-                        ast::BooleanType::Pred => emit_logical_xor_spirv,
+                        ast::ScalarType::Pred => emit_logical_xor_spirv,
                         _ => dr::Builder::bitwise_xor,
                     };
                     let result_type = map.get_or_add_scalar(builder, (*typ).into());
@@ -3284,7 +3064,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                     return Err(error_unreachable());
                 }
                 ast::Instruction::Rem { typ, arg } => {
-                    let builder_fn = if typ.is_signed() {
+                    let builder_fn = if typ.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed {
                         dr::Builder::s_mod
                     } else {
                         dr::Builder::u_mod
@@ -3301,7 +3081,7 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
                     Some(index) => {
                         let result_ptr_type = map.get_or_add(
                             builder,
-                            SpirvType::new_pointer(
+                            SpirvType::pointer_to(
                                 details.typ.clone(),
                                 spirv::StorageClass::Function,
                             ),
@@ -3334,14 +3114,11 @@ fn emit_function_body_ops(
             }) => {
                 let u8_pointer = map.get_or_add(
                     builder,
-                    SpirvType::from(ast::Type::Pointer(
-                        ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-                        *state_space,
-                    )),
+                    SpirvType::new(ast::Type::Pointer(ast::ScalarType::U8, *state_space)),
                 );
                 let result_type = map.get_or_add(
                     builder,
-                    SpirvType::from(ast::Type::Pointer(underlying_type.clone(), *state_space)),
+                    SpirvType::new(ast::Type::Pointer(*underlying_type, *state_space)),
                 );
                 let ptr_src_u8 = builder.bitcast(u8_pointer, None, *ptr_src)?;
                 let temp = builder.in_bounds_ptr_access_chain(
@@ -3553,11 +3330,16 @@ fn ptx_scope_name(scope: ast::MemScope) -> &'static str {
     }
 }
 
-fn ptx_space_name(space: ast::AtomSpace) -> &'static str {
+fn ptx_space_name(space: ast::StateSpace) -> &'static str {
     match space {
-        ast::AtomSpace::Generic => "generic",
-        ast::AtomSpace::Global => "global",
-        ast::AtomSpace::Shared => "shared",
+        ast::StateSpace::Generic => "generic",
+        ast::StateSpace::Global => "global",
+        ast::StateSpace::Shared => "shared",
+        ast::StateSpace::Reg => "reg",
+        ast::StateSpace::Const => "const",
+        ast::StateSpace::Local => "local",
+        ast::StateSpace::Param => "param",
+        ast::StateSpace::Sreg => "sreg",
     }
 }
 
@@ -3612,14 +3394,17 @@ fn vec_repr<T: Copy>(t: T) -> Vec<u8> {
 fn emit_variable(
     builder: &mut dr::Builder,
     map: &mut TypeWordMap,
-    var: &ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, spirv::Word>,
+    var: &ast::Variable<spirv::Word>,
 ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
-    let (must_init, st_class) = match var.v_type {
-        ast::VariableType::Reg(_) | ast::VariableType::Param(_) | ast::VariableType::Local(_) => {
+    let (must_init, st_class) = match var.state_space {
+        ast::StateSpace::Reg | ast::StateSpace::Param | ast::StateSpace::Local => {
             (false, spirv::StorageClass::Function)
         }
-        ast::VariableType::Global(_) => (true, spirv::StorageClass::CrossWorkgroup),
-        ast::VariableType::Shared(_) => (false, spirv::StorageClass::Workgroup),
+        ast::StateSpace::Global => (true, spirv::StorageClass::CrossWorkgroup),
+        ast::StateSpace::Shared => (false, spirv::StorageClass::Workgroup),
+        ast::StateSpace::Const => todo!(),
+        ast::StateSpace::Generic => todo!(),
+        ast::StateSpace::Sreg => todo!(),
     };
     let initalizer = if var.array_init.len() > 0 {
         Some(map.get_or_add_constant(
@@ -3628,18 +3413,12 @@ fn emit_variable(
             &*var.array_init,
         )?)
     } else if must_init {
-        let type_id = map.get_or_add(
-            builder,
-            SpirvType::from(ast::Type::from(var.v_type.clone())),
-        );
+        let type_id = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(var.v_type.clone()));
         Some(builder.constant_null(type_id, None))
     } else {
         None
     };
-    let ptr_type_id = map.get_or_add(
-        builder,
-        SpirvType::new_pointer(ast::Type::from(var.v_type.clone()), st_class),
-    );
+    let ptr_type_id = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::pointer_to(var.v_type.clone(), st_class));
     builder.variable(ptr_type_id, Some(var.name), st_class, initalizer);
     if let Some(align) = var.align {
         builder.decorate(
@@ -3777,7 +3556,7 @@ fn emit_min(
         ast::MinMaxDetails::Unsigned(_) => spirv::CLOp::u_min,
         ast::MinMaxDetails::Float(_) => spirv::CLOp::fmin,
     };
-    let inst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(desc.get_type()));
+    let inst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(desc.get_type()));
     builder.ext_inst(
         inst_type,
         Some(arg.dst),
@@ -3802,7 +3581,7 @@ fn emit_max(
         ast::MinMaxDetails::Unsigned(_) => spirv::CLOp::u_max,
         ast::MinMaxDetails::Float(_) => spirv::CLOp::fmax,
     };
-    let inst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(desc.get_type()));
+    let inst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(desc.get_type()));
     builder.ext_inst(
         inst_type,
         Some(arg.dst),
@@ -3882,7 +3661,7 @@ fn emit_cvt(
             }
             let dest_t: ast::ScalarType = desc.dst.into();
             let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(dest_t));
-            if desc.src.is_signed() {
+            if desc.src.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed {
                 builder.convert_s_to_f(result_type, Some(arg.dst), arg.src)?;
             } else {
                 builder.convert_u_to_f(result_type, Some(arg.dst), arg.src)?;
@@ -3892,7 +3671,7 @@ fn emit_cvt(
         ast::CvtDetails::IntFromFloat(desc) => {
             let dest_t: ast::ScalarType = desc.dst.into();
             let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(dest_t));
-            if desc.dst.is_signed() {
+            if desc.dst.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed {
                 builder.convert_f_to_s(result_type, Some(arg.dst), arg.src)?;
             } else {
                 builder.convert_f_to_u(result_type, Some(arg.dst), arg.src)?;
@@ -3904,7 +3683,7 @@ fn emit_cvt(
             let dest_t: ast::ScalarType = desc.dst.into();
             let src_t: ast::ScalarType = desc.src.into();
             // first do shortening/widening
-            let src = if desc.dst.width() != desc.src.width() {
+            let src = if desc.dst.size_of() != desc.src.size_of() {
                 let new_dst = if dest_t.kind() == src_t.kind() {
                     arg.dst
                 } else {
@@ -3913,14 +3692,14 @@ fn emit_cvt(
                 let cv = ImplicitConversion {
                     src: arg.src,
                     dst: new_dst,
-                    from: ast::Type::Scalar(src_t),
-                    to: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::from_parts(
+                    from_type: ast::Type::Scalar(src_t),
+                    from_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                    to_type: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::from_parts(
                         dest_t.size_of(),
                         src_t.kind(),
                     )),
+                    to_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
                     kind: ConversionKind::Default,
-                    src_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
-                    dst_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
                 };
                 emit_implicit_conversion(builder, map, &cv)?;
                 new_dst
@@ -3933,7 +3712,7 @@ fn emit_cvt(
             // now do actual conversion
             let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(dest_t));
             if desc.saturate {
-                if desc.dst.is_signed() {
+                if desc.dst.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed {
                     builder.sat_convert_u_to_s(result_type, Some(arg.dst), src)?;
                 } else {
                     builder.sat_convert_s_to_u(result_type, Some(arg.dst), src)?;
@@ -3989,60 +3768,60 @@ fn emit_setp(
     let operand_1 = arg.src1;
     let operand_2 = arg.src2;
     match (setp.cmp_op, setp.typ.kind()) {
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ScalarKind::Signed)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ScalarKind::Unsigned)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ScalarKind::Bit) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ast::ScalarKind::Signed)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ast::ScalarKind::Bit) => {
             builder.i_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ScalarKind::Float) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Eq, ast::ScalarKind::Float) => {
             builder.f_ord_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ScalarKind::Signed)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ScalarKind::Unsigned)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ScalarKind::Bit) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ast::ScalarKind::Signed)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ast::ScalarKind::Bit) => {
             builder.i_not_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ScalarKind::Float) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::NotEq, ast::ScalarKind::Float) => {
             builder.f_ord_not_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ScalarKind::Unsigned)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ScalarKind::Bit) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ast::ScalarKind::Bit) => {
             builder.u_less_than(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ScalarKind::Signed) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ast::ScalarKind::Signed) => {
             builder.s_less_than(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ScalarKind::Float) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Less, ast::ScalarKind::Float) => {
             builder.f_ord_less_than(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ScalarKind::Unsigned)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ScalarKind::Bit) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Bit) => {
             builder.u_less_than_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ScalarKind::Signed) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Signed) => {
             builder.s_less_than_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ScalarKind::Float) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::LessOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Float) => {
             builder.f_ord_less_than_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ScalarKind::Unsigned)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ScalarKind::Bit) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ast::ScalarKind::Bit) => {
             builder.u_greater_than(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ScalarKind::Signed) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ast::ScalarKind::Signed) => {
             builder.s_greater_than(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ScalarKind::Float) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::Greater, ast::ScalarKind::Float) => {
             builder.f_ord_greater_than(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ScalarKind::Unsigned)
-        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ScalarKind::Bit) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned)
+        | (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Bit) => {
             builder.u_greater_than_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ScalarKind::Signed) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Signed) => {
             builder.s_greater_than_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
-        (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ScalarKind::Float) => {
+        (ast::SetpCompareOp::GreaterOrEq, ast::ScalarKind::Float) => {
             builder.f_ord_greater_than_equal(result_type, result_id, operand_1, operand_2)
         }
         (ast::SetpCompareOp::NanEq, _) => {
@@ -4222,7 +4001,7 @@ fn emit_abs(
 ) -> Result<(), dr::Error> {
     let scalar_t = ast::ScalarType::from(d.typ);
     let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(scalar_t));
-    let cl_abs = if scalar_t.kind() == ScalarKind::Signed {
+    let cl_abs = if scalar_t.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed {
         spirv::CLOp::s_abs
     } else {
         spirv::CLOp::fabs
@@ -4272,22 +4051,21 @@ fn emit_implicit_conversion(
     map: &mut TypeWordMap,
     cv: &ImplicitConversion,
 ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
-    let from_parts = cv.from.to_parts();
-    let to_parts = cv.to.to_parts();
-    match (from_parts.kind, to_parts.kind, cv.kind) {
-        (_, _, ConversionKind::PtrToBit(typ)) => {
-            let dst_type = map.get_or_add_scalar(builder, typ.into());
-            builder.convert_ptr_to_u(dst_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
-        }
-        (_, _, ConversionKind::BitToPtr(_)) => {
-            let dst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(cv.to.clone()));
+    let from_parts = cv.from_type.to_parts();
+    let to_parts = cv.to_type.to_parts();
+    match (from_parts.kind, to_parts.kind, &cv.kind) {
+        (_, _, &ConversionKind::BitToPtr) => {
+            let dst_type = map.get_or_add(
+                builder,
+                SpirvType::pointer_to(cv.to_type.clone(), cv.to_space.to_spirv()),
+            );
             builder.convert_u_to_ptr(dst_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
         }
-        (TypeKind::Scalar, TypeKind::Scalar, ConversionKind::Default) => {
+        (TypeKind::Scalar, TypeKind::Scalar, &ConversionKind::Default) => {
             if from_parts.width == to_parts.width {
-                let dst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(cv.to.clone()));
-                if from_parts.scalar_kind != ScalarKind::Float
-                    && to_parts.scalar_kind != ScalarKind::Float
+                let dst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(cv.to_type.clone()));
+                if from_parts.scalar_kind != ast::ScalarKind::Float
+                    && to_parts.scalar_kind != ast::ScalarKind::Float
                 {
                     // It is noop, but another instruction expects result of this conversion
                     builder.copy_object(dst_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
@@ -4295,28 +4073,28 @@ fn emit_implicit_conversion(
                     builder.bitcast(dst_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
                 }
             } else {
-                // This block is safe because it's illegal to implictly convert between floating point instructions
+                // This block is safe because it's illegal to implictly convert between floating point values
                 let same_width_bit_type = map.get_or_add(
                     builder,
-                    SpirvType::from(ast::Type::from_parts(TypeParts {
-                        scalar_kind: ScalarKind::Bit,
+                    SpirvType::new(ast::Type::from_parts(TypeParts {
+                        scalar_kind: ast::ScalarKind::Bit,
                         ..from_parts
                     })),
                 );
                 let same_width_bit_value = builder.bitcast(same_width_bit_type, None, cv.src)?;
                 let wide_bit_type = ast::Type::from_parts(TypeParts {
-                    scalar_kind: ScalarKind::Bit,
+                    scalar_kind: ast::ScalarKind::Bit,
                     ..to_parts
                 });
                 let wide_bit_type_spirv =
-                    map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(wide_bit_type.clone()));
-                if to_parts.scalar_kind == ScalarKind::Unsigned
-                    || to_parts.scalar_kind == ScalarKind::Bit
+                    map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(wide_bit_type.clone()));
+                if to_parts.scalar_kind == ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned
+                    || to_parts.scalar_kind == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
                 {
                     builder.u_convert(wide_bit_type_spirv, Some(cv.dst), same_width_bit_value)?;
                 } else {
-                    let conversion_fn = if from_parts.scalar_kind == ScalarKind::Signed
-                        && to_parts.scalar_kind == ScalarKind::Signed
+                    let conversion_fn = if from_parts.scalar_kind == ast::ScalarKind::Signed
+                        && to_parts.scalar_kind == ast::ScalarKind::Signed
                     {
                         dr::Builder::s_convert
                     } else {
@@ -4330,40 +4108,48 @@ fn emit_implicit_conversion(
                         &ImplicitConversion {
                             src: wide_bit_value,
                             dst: cv.dst,
-                            from: wide_bit_type,
-                            to: cv.to.clone(),
+                            from_type: wide_bit_type,
+                            from_space: cv.from_space,
+                            to_type: cv.to_type.clone(),
+                            to_space: cv.to_space,
                             kind: ConversionKind::Default,
-                            src_sema: cv.src_sema,
-                            dst_sema: cv.dst_sema,
                         },
                     )?;
                 }
             }
         }
-        (TypeKind::Scalar, TypeKind::Scalar, ConversionKind::SignExtend) => {
-            let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(cv.to.clone()));
+        (TypeKind::Scalar, TypeKind::Scalar, &ConversionKind::SignExtend) => {
+            let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(cv.to_type.clone()));
             builder.s_convert(result_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
         }
-        (TypeKind::Vector, TypeKind::Scalar, ConversionKind::Default)
-        | (TypeKind::Scalar, TypeKind::Array, ConversionKind::Default)
-        | (TypeKind::Array, TypeKind::Scalar, ConversionKind::Default) => {
-            let into_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(cv.to.clone()));
+        (TypeKind::Vector, TypeKind::Scalar, &ConversionKind::Default)
+        | (TypeKind::Scalar, TypeKind::Array, &ConversionKind::Default)
+        | (TypeKind::Array, TypeKind::Scalar, &ConversionKind::Default) => {
+            let into_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(cv.to_type.clone()));
             builder.bitcast(into_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
         }
-        (_, _, ConversionKind::PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr }) => {
-            let result_type = if spirv_ptr {
-                map.get_or_add(
-                    builder,
-                    SpirvType::Pointer(
-                        Box::new(SpirvType::from(cv.to.clone())),
-                        spirv::StorageClass::Function,
-                    ),
-                )
-            } else {
-                map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(cv.to.clone()))
-            };
+        (_, _, &ConversionKind::PtrToPtr) => {
+            let result_type = map.get_or_add(
+                builder,
+                SpirvType::Pointer(
+                    Box::new(SpirvType::new(cv.to_type.clone())),
+                    cv.to_space.to_spirv(),
+                ),
+            );
             builder.bitcast(result_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
         }
+        (_, _, &ConversionKind::AddressOf) => {
+            let dst_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(cv.to_type.clone()));
+            builder.convert_ptr_to_u(dst_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
+        }
+        (TypeKind::Pointer, TypeKind::Scalar, &ConversionKind::Default) => {
+            let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(cv.to_type.clone()));
+            builder.convert_ptr_to_u(result_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
+        }
+        (TypeKind::Scalar, TypeKind::Pointer, &ConversionKind::Default) => {
+            let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(cv.to_type.clone()));
+            builder.convert_u_to_ptr(result_type, Some(cv.dst), cv.src)?;
+        }
         _ => unreachable!(),
     }
     Ok(())
@@ -4374,14 +4160,14 @@ fn emit_load_var(
     map: &mut TypeWordMap,
     details: &LoadVarDetails,
 ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
-    let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(details.typ.clone()));
+    let result_type = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(details.typ.clone()));
     match details.member_index {
         Some((index, Some(width))) => {
             let vector_type = match details.typ {
                 ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_t) => ast::Type::Vector(scalar_t, width),
                 _ => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
             };
-            let vector_type_spirv = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::from(vector_type));
+            let vector_type_spirv = map.get_or_add(builder, SpirvType::new(vector_type));
             let vector_temp = builder.load(
                 vector_type_spirv,
                 None,
@@ -4399,7 +4185,7 @@ fn emit_load_var(
         Some((index, None)) => {
             let result_ptr_type = map.get_or_add(
                 builder,
-                SpirvType::new_pointer(details.typ.clone(), spirv::StorageClass::Function),
+                SpirvType::pointer_to(details.typ.clone(), spirv::StorageClass::Function),
             );
             let index_spirv = map.get_or_add_constant(
                 builder,
@@ -4427,10 +4213,10 @@ fn emit_load_var(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn normalize_identifiers<'a, 'b>(
-    id_defs: &mut FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b>,
-    fn_defs: &GlobalFnDeclResolver<'a, 'b>,
-    func: Vec<ast::Statement<ast::ParsedArgParams<'a>>>,
+fn normalize_identifiers<'input, 'b>(
+    id_defs: &mut FnStringIdResolver<'input, 'b>,
+    fn_defs: &GlobalFnDeclResolver<'input, 'b>,
+    func: Vec<ast::Statement<ast::ParsedArgParams<'input>>>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<NormalizedStatement>, TranslateError> {
     for s in func.iter() {
         match s {
@@ -4468,48 +4254,28 @@ fn expand_map_variables<'a, 'b>(
             i.map_variable(&mut |id| id_defs.get_id(id))?,
         ))),
         ast::Statement::Variable(var) => {
-            let mut var_type = ast::Type::from(var.var.v_type.clone());
-            let mut is_variable = false;
-            var_type = match var.var.v_type {
-                ast::VariableType::Reg(_) => {
-                    is_variable = true;
-                    var_type
-                }
-                ast::VariableType::Shared(_) => {
-                    // If it's a pointer it will be translated to a method parameter later
-                    if let ast::Type::Pointer(..) = var_type {
-                        is_variable = true;
-                        var_type
-                    } else {
-                        var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Shared)?
-                    }
-                }
-                ast::VariableType::Global(_) => {
-                    var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Global)?
-                }
-                ast::VariableType::Param(_) => {
-                    var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Param)?
-                }
-                ast::VariableType::Local(_) => {
-                    var_type.param_pointer_to(ast::LdStateSpace::Local)?
-                }
-            };
+            let var_type = var.var.v_type.clone();
             match var.count {
                 Some(count) => {
-                    for new_id in id_defs.add_defs(var.var.name, count, var_type, is_variable) {
+                    for new_id in
+                        id_defs.add_defs(var.var.name, count, var_type, var.var.state_space, true)
+                    {
                         result.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
                             align: var.var.align,
                             v_type: var.var.v_type.clone(),
+                            state_space: var.var.state_space,
                             name: new_id,
                             array_init: var.var.array_init.clone(),
                         }))
                     }
                 }
                 None => {
-                    let new_id = id_defs.add_def(var.var.name, Some(var_type), is_variable);
+                    let new_id =
+                        id_defs.add_def(var.var.name, Some((var_type, var.var.state_space)), true);
                     result.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
                         align: var.var.align,
                         v_type: var.var.v_type.clone(),
+                        state_space: var.var.state_space,
                         name: new_id,
                         array_init: var.var.array_init,
                     }));
@@ -4520,18 +4286,62 @@ fn expand_map_variables<'a, 'b>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/*
+    Our goal here is to transform
+        .visible .entry foobar(.param .u64 input) {
+            .reg .b64 in_addr;
+            .reg .b64 in_addr2;
+            ld.param.u64 in_addr, [input];
+            cvta.to.global.u64  in_addr2, in_addr;
+        }
+    into:
+        .visible .entry foobar(.param .u8 input[]) {
+            .reg .u8 in_addr[];
+            .reg .u8 in_addr2[];
+            ld.param.u8[] in_addr, [input];
+            mov.u8[] in_addr2, in_addr;
+        }
+    or:
+        .visible .entry foobar(.reg .u8 input[]) {
+            .reg .u8 in_addr[];
+            .reg .u8 in_addr2[];
+            mov.u8[] in_addr, input;
+            mov.u8[] in_addr2, in_addr;
+        }
+    or:
+        .visible .entry foobar(.param ptr<u8, global> input) {
+            .reg ptr<u8, global> in_addr;
+            .reg ptr<u8, global> in_addr2;
+            ld.param.ptr<u8, global> in_addr, [input];
+            mov.ptr<u8, global> in_addr2, in_addr;
+        }
+*/
 // TODO: detect more patterns (mov, call via reg, call via param)
 // TODO: don't convert to ptr if the register is not ultimately used for ld/st
 // TODO: once insert_mem_ssa_statements is moved to later, move this pass after
 //       argument expansion
-// TODO: propagate through calls?
-fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
-    func_args: &mut SpirvMethodDecl,
+// TODO: propagate out of calls and into calls
+fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a, 'input>(
+    func_args: Rc<RefCell<ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, spirv::Word>>>,
     func_body: Vec<TypedStatement>,
     id_defs: &mut NumericIdResolver<'a>,
-) -> Result<Vec<TypedStatement>, TranslateError> {
-    let func_args_64bit = func_args
-        .input
+) -> Result<
+    (
+        Rc<RefCell<ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, spirv::Word>>>,
+        Vec<TypedStatement>,
+    ),
+    TranslateError,
+> {
+    let mut method_decl = func_args.borrow_mut();
+    if !method_decl.name.is_kernel() {
+        drop(method_decl);
+        return Ok((func_args, func_body));
+    }
+    if Rc::strong_count(&func_args) != 1 {
+        return Err(error_unreachable());
+    }
+    let func_args_64bit = (*method_decl)
+        .input_arguments
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|arg| match arg.v_type {
             ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U64)
@@ -4546,9 +4356,9 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
         match statement {
             Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Cvta(
                 ast::CvtaDetails {
-                    to: ast::CvtaStateSpace::Global,
+                    to: ast::StateSpace::Global,
                     size: ast::CvtaSize::U64,
-                    from: ast::CvtaStateSpace::Generic,
+                    from: ast::StateSpace::Generic,
                 },
                 arg,
             )) => {
@@ -4562,24 +4372,24 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
             }
             Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Ld(
                 ast::LdDetails {
-                    state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Param,
-                    typ: ast::LdStType::Scalar(ast::LdStScalarType::U64),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Param,
+                    typ: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U64),
                     ..
                 },
                 arg,
             ))
             | Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Ld(
                 ast::LdDetails {
-                    state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Param,
-                    typ: ast::LdStType::Scalar(ast::LdStScalarType::S64),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Param,
+                    typ: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64),
                     ..
                 },
                 arg,
             ))
             | Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Ld(
                 ast::LdDetails {
-                    state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Param,
-                    typ: ast::LdStType::Scalar(ast::LdStScalarType::B64),
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Param,
+                    typ: ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64),
                     ..
                 },
                 arg,
@@ -4595,6 +4405,10 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
             _ => {}
         }
     }
+    if stateful_markers.len() == 0 {
+        drop(method_decl);
+        return Ok((func_args, func_body));
+    }
     let mut func_args_ptr = HashSet::new();
     let mut regs_ptr_current = HashSet::new();
     for (dst, src) in stateful_markers {
@@ -4614,23 +4428,23 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
         for statement in func_body.iter() {
             match statement {
                 Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Add(
-                    ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::UIntType::U64),
+                    ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::ScalarType::U64),
                     arg,
                 ))
                 | Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Add(
                     ast::ArithDetails::Signed(ast::ArithSInt {
-                        typ: ast::SIntType::S64,
+                        typ: ast::ScalarType::S64,
                         saturate: false,
                     }),
                     arg,
                 ))
                 | Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Sub(
-                    ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::UIntType::U64),
+                    ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::ScalarType::U64),
                     arg,
                 ))
                 | Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Sub(
                     ast::ArithDetails::Signed(ast::ArithSInt {
-                        typ: ast::SIntType::S64,
+                        typ: ast::ScalarType::S64,
                         saturate: false,
                     }),
                     arg,
@@ -4661,21 +4475,32 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
     let mut remapped_ids = HashMap::new();
     let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(regs_ptr_seen.len() + func_body.len());
     for reg in regs_ptr_seen {
-        let new_id = id_defs.new_variable(ast::Type::Pointer(
-            ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
-        ));
+        let new_id = id_defs.register_variable(
+            ast::Type::Pointer(ast::ScalarType::U8, ast::StateSpace::Global),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+        );
         result.push(Statement::Variable(ast::Variable {
             align: None,
             name: new_id,
             array_init: Vec::new(),
-            v_type: ast::VariableType::Reg(ast::VariableRegType::Pointer(
-                ast::SizedScalarType::U8,
-                ast::PointerStateSpace::Global,
-            )),
+            v_type: ast::Type::Pointer(ast::ScalarType::U8, ast::StateSpace::Global),
+            state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         }));
         remapped_ids.insert(reg, new_id);
     }
+    for arg in (*method_decl).input_arguments.iter_mut() {
+        if !func_args_ptr.contains(&arg.name) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let new_id = id_defs.register_variable(
+            ast::Type::Pointer(ast::ScalarType::U8, ast::StateSpace::Global),
+            ast::StateSpace::Param,
+        );
+        let old_name = arg.name;
+        arg.v_type = ast::Type::Pointer(ast::ScalarType::U8, ast::StateSpace::Global);
+        arg.name = new_id;
+        remapped_ids.insert(old_name, new_id);
+    }
     for statement in func_body {
         match statement {
             l @ Statement::Label(_) => result.push(l),
@@ -4686,12 +4511,12 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
                 }
             }
             Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Add(
-                ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::UIntType::U64),
+                ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::ScalarType::U64),
                 arg,
             ))
             | Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Add(
                 ast::ArithDetails::Signed(ast::ArithSInt {
-                    typ: ast::SIntType::S64,
+                    typ: ast::ScalarType::S64,
                     saturate: false,
                 }),
                 arg,
@@ -4707,20 +4532,20 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
                 };
                 let dst = arg.dst.upcast().unwrap_reg()?;
                 result.push(Statement::PtrAccess(PtrAccess {
-                    underlying_type: ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-                    state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
+                    underlying_type: ast::ScalarType::U8,
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Global,
                     dst: *remapped_ids.get(&dst).unwrap(),
                     ptr_src: *ptr,
                     offset_src: offset,
                 }))
             }
             Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Sub(
-                ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::UIntType::U64),
+                ast::ArithDetails::Unsigned(ast::ScalarType::U64),
                 arg,
             ))
             | Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Sub(
                 ast::ArithDetails::Signed(ast::ArithSInt {
-                    typ: ast::SIntType::S64,
+                    typ: ast::ScalarType::S64,
                     saturate: false,
                 }),
                 arg,
@@ -4734,8 +4559,10 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
                     }
                     _ => return Err(error_unreachable()),
                 };
-                let offset_neg =
-                    id_defs.new_non_variable(Some(ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64)));
+                let offset_neg = id_defs.register_intermediate(Some((
+                    ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64),
+                    ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                )));
                 result.push(Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Neg(
                     ast::NegDetails {
                         typ: ast::ScalarType::S64,
@@ -4748,8 +4575,8 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
                 )));
                 let dst = arg.dst.upcast().unwrap_reg()?;
                 result.push(Statement::PtrAccess(PtrAccess {
-                    underlying_type: ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-                    state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
+                    underlying_type: ast::ScalarType::U8,
+                    state_space: ast::StateSpace::Global,
                     dst: *remapped_ids.get(&dst).unwrap(),
                     ptr_src: *ptr,
                     offset_src: TypedOperand::Reg(offset_neg),
@@ -4757,151 +4584,116 @@ fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access<'a>(
             }
             Statement::Instruction(inst) => {
                 let mut post_statements = Vec::new();
-                let new_statement = inst.visit(
-                    &mut |arg_desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-                          expected_type: Option<&ast::Type>| {
+                let new_statement =
+                    inst.visit(&mut |arg_desc, expected_type: Option<(&ast::Type, _)>| {
                         convert_to_stateful_memory_access_postprocess(
                             id_defs,
                             &remapped_ids,
-                            &func_args_ptr,
                             &mut result,
                             &mut post_statements,
                             arg_desc,
                             expected_type,
                         )
-                    },
-                )?;
+                    })?;
                 result.push(new_statement);
                 result.extend(post_statements);
             }
             Statement::Call(call) => {
                 let mut post_statements = Vec::new();
-                let new_statement = call.visit(
-                    &mut |arg_desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-                          expected_type: Option<&ast::Type>| {
+                let new_statement =
+                    call.visit(&mut |arg_desc, expected_type: Option<(&ast::Type, _)>| {
                         convert_to_stateful_memory_access_postprocess(
                             id_defs,
                             &remapped_ids,
-                            &func_args_ptr,
                             &mut result,
                             &mut post_statements,
                             arg_desc,
                             expected_type,
                         )
-                    },
-                )?;
+                    })?;
                 result.push(new_statement);
                 result.extend(post_statements);
             }
             Statement::RepackVector(pack) => {
                 let mut post_statements = Vec::new();
-                let new_statement = pack.visit(
-                    &mut |arg_desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-                          expected_type: Option<&ast::Type>| {
+                let new_statement =
+                    pack.visit(&mut |arg_desc, expected_type: Option<(&ast::Type, _)>| {
                         convert_to_stateful_memory_access_postprocess(
                             id_defs,
                             &remapped_ids,
-                            &func_args_ptr,
                             &mut result,
                             &mut post_statements,
                             arg_desc,
                             expected_type,
                         )
-                    },
-                )?;
+                    })?;
                 result.push(new_statement);
                 result.extend(post_statements);
             }
             _ => return Err(error_unreachable()),
         }
     }
-    for arg in func_args.input.iter_mut() {
-        if func_args_ptr.contains(&arg.name) {
-            arg.v_type = ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-                ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(result)
+    drop(method_decl);
+    Ok((func_args, result))
 }
 
 fn convert_to_stateful_memory_access_postprocess(
     id_defs: &mut NumericIdResolver,
     remapped_ids: &HashMap<spirv::Word, spirv::Word>,
-    func_args_ptr: &HashSet<spirv::Word>,
     result: &mut Vec<TypedStatement>,
     post_statements: &mut Vec<TypedStatement>,
     arg_desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-    expected_type: Option<&ast::Type>,
+    expected_type: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
 ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
     Ok(match remapped_ids.get(&arg_desc.op) {
         Some(new_id) => {
-            // We skip conversion here to trigger PtrAcces in a later pass
-            let old_type = match expected_type {
-                Some(ast::Type::Pointer(_, ast::LdStateSpace::Global)) => return Ok(*new_id),
-                _ => id_defs.get_typed(arg_desc.op)?.0,
+            let (new_operand_type, new_operand_space, _) = id_defs.get_typed(*new_id)?;
+            if let Some((expected_type, expected_space)) = expected_type {
+                let implicit_conversion = arg_desc
+                    .non_default_implicit_conversion
+                    .unwrap_or(default_implicit_conversion);
+                if implicit_conversion(
+                    (new_operand_space, &new_operand_type),
+                    (expected_space, expected_type),
+                )
+                .is_ok()
+                {
+                    return Ok(*new_id);
+                }
+            }
+            let (old_operand_type, old_operand_space, _) = id_defs.get_typed(arg_desc.op)?;
+            let converting_id =
+                id_defs.register_intermediate(Some((old_operand_type.clone(), old_operand_space)));
+            let kind = if new_operand_space.is_compatible(ast::StateSpace::Reg) {
+                ConversionKind::Default
+            } else {
+                ConversionKind::PtrToPtr
             };
-            let old_type_clone = old_type.clone();
-            let converting_id = id_defs.new_non_variable(Some(old_type_clone));
             if arg_desc.is_dst {
                 post_statements.push(Statement::Conversion(ImplicitConversion {
                     src: converting_id,
                     dst: *new_id,
-                    from: old_type,
-                    to: ast::Type::Pointer(
-                        ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-                        ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
-                    ),
-                    kind: ConversionKind::BitToPtr(ast::LdStateSpace::Global),
-                    src_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
-                    dst_sema: arg_desc.sema,
+                    from_type: old_operand_type,
+                    from_space: old_operand_space,
+                    to_type: new_operand_type,
+                    to_space: new_operand_space,
+                    kind,
                 }));
                 converting_id
             } else {
                 result.push(Statement::Conversion(ImplicitConversion {
                     src: *new_id,
                     dst: converting_id,
-                    from: ast::Type::Pointer(
-                        ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U8),
-                        ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
-                    ),
-                    to: old_type,
-                    kind: ConversionKind::PtrToBit(ast::UIntType::U64),
-                    src_sema: arg_desc.sema,
-                    dst_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                    from_type: new_operand_type,
+                    from_space: new_operand_space,
+                    to_type: old_operand_type,
+                    to_space: old_operand_space,
+                    kind,
                 }));
                 converting_id
             }
         }
-        None => match func_args_ptr.get(&arg_desc.op) {
-            Some(new_id) => {
-                if arg_desc.is_dst {
-                    return Err(error_unreachable());
-                }
-                // We skip conversion here to trigger PtrAcces in a later pass
-                let old_type = match expected_type {
-                    Some(ast::Type::Pointer(_, ast::LdStateSpace::Global)) => return Ok(*new_id),
-                    _ => id_defs.get_typed(arg_desc.op)?.0,
-                };
-                let old_type_clone = old_type.clone();
-                let converting_id = id_defs.new_non_variable(Some(old_type));
-                result.push(Statement::Conversion(ImplicitConversion {
-                    src: *new_id,
-                    dst: converting_id,
-                    from: ast::Type::Pointer(
-                        ast::PointerType::Pointer(ast::ScalarType::U8, ast::LdStateSpace::Global),
-                        ast::LdStateSpace::Param,
-                    ),
-                    to: old_type_clone,
-                    kind: ConversionKind::PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr: false },
-                    src_sema: arg_desc.sema,
-                    dst_sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
-                }));
-                converting_id
-            }
-            None => arg_desc.op,
-        },
+        None => arg_desc.op,
     })
 }
 
@@ -4925,9 +4717,9 @@ fn is_add_ptr_direct(remapped_ids: &HashMap<u32, u32>, arg: &ast::Arg3<TypedArgP
 
 fn is_64_bit_integer(id_defs: &NumericIdResolver, id: spirv::Word) -> bool {
     match id_defs.get_typed(id) {
-        Ok((ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U64), _))
-        | Ok((ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64), _))
-        | Ok((ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64), _)) => true,
+        Ok((ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U64), _, _))
+        | Ok((ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64), _, _))
+        | Ok((ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64), _, _)) => true,
         _ => false,
     }
 }
@@ -5055,20 +4847,95 @@ impl SpecialRegistersMap {
     }
 }
 
+struct FnSigMapper<'input> {
+    // true - stays as return argument
+    // false - is moved to input argument
+    return_param_args: Vec<bool>,
+    func_decl: Rc<RefCell<ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, spirv::Word>>>,
+}
+
+impl<'input> FnSigMapper<'input> {
+    fn remap_to_spirv_repr(mut method: ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, spirv::Word>) -> Self {
+        let return_param_args = method
+            .return_arguments
+            .iter()
+            .map(|a| a.state_space != ast::StateSpace::Param)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let mut new_return_arguments = Vec::new();
+        for arg in method.return_arguments.into_iter() {
+            if arg.state_space == ast::StateSpace::Param {
+                method.input_arguments.push(arg);
+            } else {
+                new_return_arguments.push(arg);
+            }
+        }
+        method.return_arguments = new_return_arguments;
+        FnSigMapper {
+            return_param_args,
+            func_decl: Rc::new(RefCell::new(method)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn resolve_in_spirv_repr(
+        &self,
+        call_inst: ast::CallInst<NormalizedArgParams>,
+    ) -> Result<ResolvedCall<NormalizedArgParams>, TranslateError> {
+        let func_decl = (*self.func_decl).borrow();
+        let mut return_arguments = Vec::new();
+        let mut input_arguments = call_inst
+            .param_list
+            .into_iter()
+            .zip(func_decl.input_arguments.iter())
+            .map(|(id, var)| (id, var.v_type.clone(), var.state_space))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let mut func_decl_return_iter = func_decl.return_arguments.iter();
+        let mut func_decl_input_iter = func_decl.input_arguments[input_arguments.len()..].iter();
+        for (idx, id) in call_inst.ret_params.iter().enumerate() {
+            let stays_as_return = match self.return_param_args.get(idx) {
+                Some(x) => *x,
+                None => return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
+            };
+            if stays_as_return {
+                if let Some(var) = func_decl_return_iter.next() {
+                    return_arguments.push((*id, var.v_type.clone(), var.state_space));
+                } else {
+                    return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if let Some(var) = func_decl_input_iter.next() {
+                    input_arguments.push((
+                        ast::Operand::Reg(*id),
+                        var.v_type.clone(),
+                        var.state_space,
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if return_arguments.len() != func_decl.return_arguments.len()
+            || input_arguments.len() != func_decl.input_arguments.len()
+        {
+            return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
+        }
+        Ok(ResolvedCall {
+            return_arguments,
+            input_arguments,
+            uniform: call_inst.uniform,
+            name: call_inst.func,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 struct GlobalStringIdResolver<'input> {
     current_id: spirv::Word,
     variables: HashMap<Cow<'input, str>, spirv::Word>,
-    variables_type_check: HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, bool)>>,
+    variables_type_check: HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace, bool)>>,
     special_registers: SpecialRegistersMap,
-    fns: HashMap<spirv::Word, FnDecl>,
-}
-
-pub struct FnDecl {
-    ret_vals: Vec<ast::FnArgumentType>,
-    params: Vec<ast::FnArgumentType>,
+    fns: HashMap<spirv::Word, FnSigMapper<'input>>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> GlobalStringIdResolver<'a> {
+impl<'input> GlobalStringIdResolver<'input> {
     fn new(start_id: spirv::Word) -> Self {
         Self {
             current_id: start_id,
@@ -5079,20 +4946,25 @@ impl<'a> GlobalStringIdResolver<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_or_add_def(&mut self, id: &'a str) -> spirv::Word {
+    fn get_or_add_def(&mut self, id: &'input str) -> spirv::Word {
         self.get_or_add_impl(id, None)
     }
 
     fn get_or_add_def_typed(
         &mut self,
-        id: &'a str,
+        id: &'input str,
         typ: ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
         is_variable: bool,
     ) -> spirv::Word {
-        self.get_or_add_impl(id, Some((typ, is_variable)))
+        self.get_or_add_impl(id, Some((typ, state_space, is_variable)))
     }
 
-    fn get_or_add_impl(&mut self, id: &'a str, typ: Option<(ast::Type, bool)>) -> spirv::Word {
+    fn get_or_add_impl(
+        &mut self,
+        id: &'input str,
+        typ: Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace, bool)>,
+    ) -> spirv::Word {
         let id = match self.variables.entry(Cow::Borrowed(id)) {
             hash_map::Entry::Occupied(e) => *(e.get()),
             hash_map::Entry::Vacant(e) => {
@@ -5119,12 +4991,12 @@ impl<'a> GlobalStringIdResolver<'a> {
 
     fn start_fn<'b>(
         &'b mut self,
-        header: &'b ast::MethodDecl<'a, &'a str>,
+        header: &'b ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, &'input str>,
     ) -> Result<
         (
-            FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b>,
-            GlobalFnDeclResolver<'a, 'b>,
-            ast::MethodDecl<'a, spirv::Word>,
+            FnStringIdResolver<'input, 'b>,
+            GlobalFnDeclResolver<'input, 'b>,
+            Rc<RefCell<ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, spirv::Word>>>,
         ),
         TranslateError,
     > {
@@ -5138,60 +5010,51 @@ impl<'a> GlobalStringIdResolver<'a> {
             variables: vec![HashMap::new(); 1],
             type_check: HashMap::new(),
         };
-        let new_fn_decl = match header {
-            ast::MethodDecl::Kernel { name, in_args } => ast::MethodDecl::Kernel {
-                name,
-                in_args: expand_kernel_params(&mut fn_resolver, in_args.iter())?,
-            },
-            ast::MethodDecl::Func(ret_params, _, params) => {
-                let ret_params_ids = expand_fn_params(&mut fn_resolver, ret_params.iter())?;
-                let params_ids = expand_fn_params(&mut fn_resolver, params.iter())?;
-                self.fns.insert(
-                    name_id,
-                    FnDecl {
-                        ret_vals: ret_params_ids.iter().map(|p| p.v_type.clone()).collect(),
-                        params: params_ids.iter().map(|p| p.v_type.clone()).collect(),
-                    },
-                );
-                ast::MethodDecl::Func(ret_params_ids, name_id, params_ids)
-            }
+        let return_arguments = rename_fn_params(&mut fn_resolver, &header.return_arguments);
+        let input_arguments = rename_fn_params(&mut fn_resolver, &header.input_arguments);
+        let name = match header.name {
+            ast::MethodName::Kernel(name) => ast::MethodName::Kernel(name),
+            ast::MethodName::Func(_) => ast::MethodName::Func(name_id),
+        };
+        let fn_decl = ast::MethodDeclaration {
+            return_arguments,
+            name,
+            input_arguments,
+            shared_mem: None,
+        };
+        let new_fn_decl = if !fn_decl.name.is_kernel() {
+            let resolver = FnSigMapper::remap_to_spirv_repr(fn_decl);
+            let new_fn_decl = resolver.func_decl.clone();
+            self.fns.insert(name_id, resolver);
+            new_fn_decl
+        } else {
+            Rc::new(RefCell::new(fn_decl))
         };
         Ok((
             fn_resolver,
-            GlobalFnDeclResolver {
-                variables: &self.variables,
-                fns: &self.fns,
-            },
+            GlobalFnDeclResolver { fns: &self.fns },
             new_fn_decl,
         ))
     }
 }
 
 pub struct GlobalFnDeclResolver<'input, 'a> {
-    variables: &'a HashMap<Cow<'input, str>, spirv::Word>,
-    fns: &'a HashMap<spirv::Word, FnDecl>,
+    fns: &'a HashMap<spirv::Word, FnSigMapper<'input>>,
 }
 
 impl<'input, 'a> GlobalFnDeclResolver<'input, 'a> {
-    fn get_fn_decl(&self, id: spirv::Word) -> Result<&FnDecl, TranslateError> {
+    fn get_fn_sig_resolver(&self, id: spirv::Word) -> Result<&FnSigMapper<'input>, TranslateError> {
         self.fns.get(&id).ok_or(TranslateError::UnknownSymbol)
     }
-
-    fn get_fn_decl_str(&self, id: &str) -> Result<&'a FnDecl, TranslateError> {
-        match self.variables.get(id).map(|var_id| self.fns.get(var_id)) {
-            Some(Some(fn_d)) => Ok(fn_d),
-            _ => Err(TranslateError::UnknownSymbol),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 struct FnStringIdResolver<'input, 'b> {
     current_id: &'b mut spirv::Word,
     global_variables: &'b HashMap<Cow<'input, str>, spirv::Word>,
-    global_type_check: &'b HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, bool)>>,
+    global_type_check: &'b HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace, bool)>>,
     special_registers: &'b mut SpecialRegistersMap,
     variables: Vec<HashMap<Cow<'input, str>, spirv::Word>>,
-    type_check: HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, bool)>>,
+    type_check: HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace, bool)>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'b> FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b> {
@@ -5229,14 +5092,21 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b> {
         }
     }
 
-    fn add_def(&mut self, id: &'a str, typ: Option<ast::Type>, is_variable: bool) -> spirv::Word {
+    fn add_def(
+        &mut self,
+        id: &'a str,
+        typ: Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
+        is_variable: bool,
+    ) -> spirv::Word {
         let numeric_id = *self.current_id;
         self.variables
             .last_mut()
             .unwrap()
             .insert(Cow::Borrowed(id), numeric_id);
-        self.type_check
-            .insert(numeric_id, typ.map(|t| (t, is_variable)));
+        self.type_check.insert(
+            numeric_id,
+            typ.map(|(typ, space)| (typ, space, is_variable)),
+        );
         *self.current_id += 1;
         numeric_id
     }
@@ -5247,6 +5117,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b> {
         base_id: &'a str,
         count: u32,
         typ: ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
         is_variable: bool,
     ) -> impl Iterator<Item = spirv::Word> {
         let numeric_id = *self.current_id;
@@ -5255,8 +5126,10 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b> {
                 .last_mut()
                 .unwrap()
                 .insert(Cow::Owned(format!("{}{}", base_id, i)), numeric_id + i);
-            self.type_check
-                .insert(numeric_id + i, Some((typ.clone(), is_variable)));
+            self.type_check.insert(
+                numeric_id + i,
+                Some((typ.clone(), state_space, is_variable)),
+            );
         }
         *self.current_id += count;
         (0..count).into_iter().map(move |i| i + numeric_id)
@@ -5265,8 +5138,8 @@ impl<'a, 'b> FnStringIdResolver<'a, 'b> {
 
 struct NumericIdResolver<'b> {
     current_id: &'b mut spirv::Word,
-    global_type_check: &'b HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, bool)>>,
-    type_check: HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, bool)>>,
+    global_type_check: &'b HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace, bool)>>,
+    type_check: HashMap<u32, Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace, bool)>>,
     special_registers: &'b mut SpecialRegistersMap,
 }
 
@@ -5275,12 +5148,15 @@ impl<'b> NumericIdResolver<'b> {
         MutableNumericIdResolver { base: self }
     }
 
-    fn get_typed(&self, id: spirv::Word) -> Result<(ast::Type, bool), TranslateError> {
+    fn get_typed(
+        &self,
+        id: spirv::Word,
+    ) -> Result<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace, bool), TranslateError> {
         match self.type_check.get(&id) {
             Some(Some(x)) => Ok(x.clone()),
             Some(None) => Err(TranslateError::UntypedSymbol),
             None => match self.special_registers.get(id) {
-                Some(x) => Ok((x.get_type(), true)),
+                Some(x) => Ok((x.get_type(), ast::StateSpace::Sreg, true)),
                 None => match self.global_type_check.get(&id) {
                     Some(Some(result)) => Ok(result.clone()),
                     Some(None) | None => Err(TranslateError::UntypedSymbol),
@@ -5291,16 +5167,18 @@ impl<'b> NumericIdResolver<'b> {
 
     // This is for identifiers which will be emitted later as OpVariable
     // They are candidates for insertion of LoadVar/StoreVar
-    fn new_variable(&mut self, typ: ast::Type) -> spirv::Word {
+    fn register_variable(&mut self, typ: ast::Type, state_space: ast::StateSpace) -> spirv::Word {
         let new_id = *self.current_id;
-        self.type_check.insert(new_id, Some((typ, true)));
+        self.type_check
+            .insert(new_id, Some((typ, state_space, true)));
         *self.current_id += 1;
         new_id
     }
 
-    fn new_non_variable(&mut self, typ: Option<ast::Type>) -> spirv::Word {
+    fn register_intermediate(&mut self, typ: Option<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>) -> spirv::Word {
         let new_id = *self.current_id;
-        self.type_check.insert(new_id, typ.map(|t| (t, false)));
+        self.type_check
+            .insert(new_id, typ.map(|(t, space)| (t, space, false)));
         *self.current_id += 1;
         new_id
     }
@@ -5315,18 +5193,22 @@ impl<'b> MutableNumericIdResolver<'b> {
         self.base
     }
 
-    fn get_typed(&self, id: spirv::Word) -> Result<ast::Type, TranslateError> {
-        self.base.get_typed(id).map(|(t, _)| t)
+    fn get_typed(&self, id: spirv::Word) -> Result<(ast::Type, ast::StateSpace), TranslateError> {
+        self.base.get_typed(id).map(|(t, space, _)| (t, space))
     }
 
-    fn new_non_variable(&mut self, typ: ast::Type) -> spirv::Word {
-        self.base.new_non_variable(Some(typ))
+    fn register_intermediate(
+        &mut self,
+        typ: ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
+    ) -> spirv::Word {
+        self.base.register_intermediate(Some((typ, state_space)))
     }
 }
 
 enum Statement<I, P: ast::ArgParams> {
     Label(u32),
-    Variable(ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, P::Id>),
+    Variable(ast::Variable<P::Id>),
     Instruction(I),
     // SPIR-V compatible replacement for PTX predicates
     Conditional(BrachCondition),
@@ -5349,7 +5231,8 @@ impl ExpandedStatement {
                 Statement::Variable(var)
             }
             Statement::Instruction(inst) => inst
-                .visit(&mut |arg: ArgumentDescriptor<_>, _: Option<&ast::Type>| {
+                .visit(&mut |arg: ArgumentDescriptor<_>,
+                             _: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>| {
                     Ok(f(arg.op, arg.is_dst))
                 })
                 .unwrap(),
@@ -5364,16 +5247,17 @@ impl ExpandedStatement {
                 Statement::StoreVar(details)
             }
             Statement::Call(mut call) => {
-                for (id, typ) in call.ret_params.iter_mut() {
-                    let is_dst = match typ {
-                        ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(_) => true,
-                        ast::FnArgumentType::Param(_) => false,
-                        ast::FnArgumentType::Shared => false,
+                for (id, _, space) in call.return_arguments.iter_mut() {
+                    let is_dst = match space {
+                        ast::StateSpace::Reg => true,
+                        ast::StateSpace::Param => false,
+                        ast::StateSpace::Shared => false,
+                        _ => todo!(),
                     };
                     *id = f(*id, is_dst);
                 }
-                call.func = f(call.func, false);
-                for (id, _) in call.param_list.iter_mut() {
+                call.name = f(call.name, false);
+                for (id, _, _) in call.input_arguments.iter_mut() {
                     *id = f(*id, false);
                 }
                 Statement::Call(call)
@@ -5435,6 +5319,7 @@ impl ExpandedStatement {
 struct LoadVarDetails {
     arg: ast::Arg2<ExpandedArgParams>,
     typ: ast::Type,
+    state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     // (index, vector_width)
     // HACK ALERT
     // For some reason IGC explodes when you try to load from builtin vectors
@@ -5454,7 +5339,12 @@ struct RepackVectorDetails {
     typ: ast::ScalarType,
     packed: spirv::Word,
     unpacked: Vec<spirv::Word>,
-    vector_sema: ArgumentSemantics,
+    non_default_implicit_conversion: Option<
+        fn(
+            (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+            (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+        ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError>,
+    >,
 }
 
 impl RepackVectorDetails {
@@ -5470,13 +5360,17 @@ impl RepackVectorDetails {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.packed,
                 is_dst: !self.is_extract,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            Some(&ast::Type::Vector(self.typ, self.unpacked.len() as u8)),
+            Some((
+                &ast::Type::Vector(self.typ, self.unpacked.len() as u8),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+            )),
         )?;
         let scalar_type = self.typ;
         let is_extract = self.is_extract;
-        let vector_sema = self.vector_sema;
+        let non_default_implicit_conversion = self.non_default_implicit_conversion;
         let vector = self
             .unpacked
             .into_iter()
@@ -5485,9 +5379,10 @@ impl RepackVectorDetails {
                     ArgumentDescriptor {
                         op: id,
                         is_dst: is_extract,
-                        sema: vector_sema,
+                        is_memory_access: false,
+                        non_default_implicit_conversion,
                     },
-                    Some(&ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type)),
+                    Some((&ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type), ast::StateSpace::Reg)),
                 )
             })
             .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
@@ -5496,7 +5391,7 @@ impl RepackVectorDetails {
             typ: self.typ,
             packed: scalar,
             unpacked: vector,
-            vector_sema,
+            non_default_implicit_conversion,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -5514,18 +5409,18 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx<Id = spirv::Word>, U: ArgParamsEx<Id = spirv::Word>> Visitab
 
 struct ResolvedCall<P: ast::ArgParams> {
     pub uniform: bool,
-    pub ret_params: Vec<(P::Id, ast::FnArgumentType)>,
-    pub func: P::Id,
-    pub param_list: Vec<(P::Operand, ast::FnArgumentType)>,
+    pub return_arguments: Vec<(P::Id, ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
+    pub name: P::Id,
+    pub input_arguments: Vec<(P::Operand, ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
 }
 
 impl<T: ast::ArgParams> ResolvedCall<T> {
     fn cast<U: ast::ArgParams<Id = T::Id, Operand = T::Operand>>(self) -> ResolvedCall<U> {
         ResolvedCall {
             uniform: self.uniform,
-            ret_params: self.ret_params,
-            func: self.func,
-            param_list: self.param_list,
+            return_arguments: self.return_arguments,
+            name: self.name,
+            input_arguments: self.input_arguments,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -5535,49 +5430,53 @@ impl<From: ArgParamsEx<Id = spirv::Word>> ResolvedCall<From> {
         self,
         visitor: &mut V,
     ) -> Result<ResolvedCall<To>, TranslateError> {
-        let ret_params = self
-            .ret_params
+        let return_arguments = self
+            .return_arguments
             .into_iter()
-            .map::<Result<_, TranslateError>, _>(|(id, typ)| {
+            .map::<Result<_, TranslateError>, _>(|(id, typ, space)| {
                 let new_id = visitor.id(
                     ArgumentDescriptor {
                         op: id,
-                        is_dst: !typ.is_param(),
-                        sema: typ.semantics(),
+                        is_dst: space != ast::StateSpace::Param,
+                        is_memory_access: false,
+                        non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
                     },
-                    Some(&typ.to_func_type()),
+                    Some((&typ, space)),
                 )?;
-                Ok((new_id, typ))
+                Ok((new_id, typ, space))
             })
             .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
         let func = visitor.id(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
-                op: self.func,
+                op: self.name,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             None,
         )?;
-        let param_list = self
-            .param_list
+        let input_arguments = self
+            .input_arguments
             .into_iter()
-            .map::<Result<_, TranslateError>, _>(|(id, typ)| {
+            .map::<Result<_, TranslateError>, _>(|(id, typ, space)| {
                 let new_id = visitor.operand(
                     ArgumentDescriptor {
                         op: id,
                         is_dst: false,
-                        sema: typ.semantics(),
+                        is_memory_access: false,
+                        non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
                     },
-                    &typ.to_func_type(),
+                    &typ,
+                    space,
                 )?;
-                Ok((new_id, typ))
+                Ok((new_id, typ, space))
             })
             .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
         Ok(ResolvedCall {
             uniform: self.uniform,
-            ret_params,
-            func,
-            param_list,
+            return_arguments,
+            name: func,
+            input_arguments,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -5598,39 +5497,34 @@ impl<P: ArgParamsEx<Id = spirv::Word>> PtrAccess<P> {
         self,
         visitor: &mut V,
     ) -> Result<PtrAccess<To>, TranslateError> {
-        let sema = match self.state_space {
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Const
-            | ast::LdStateSpace::Global
-            | ast::LdStateSpace::Shared
-            | ast::LdStateSpace::Generic => ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer,
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Local | ast::LdStateSpace::Param => {
-                ArgumentSemantics::RegisterPointer
-            }
-        };
-        let ptr_type = ast::Type::Pointer(self.underlying_type.clone(), self.state_space);
+        let ptr_type = ast::Type::Scalar(self.underlying_type.clone());
         let new_dst = visitor.id(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            Some(&ptr_type),
+            Some((&ptr_type, self.state_space)),
         )?;
         let new_ptr_src = visitor.id(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.ptr_src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            Some(&ptr_type),
+            Some((&ptr_type, self.state_space)),
         )?;
         let new_constant_src = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.offset_src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(PtrAccess {
             underlying_type: self.underlying_type,
@@ -5653,21 +5547,9 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx<Id = spirv::Word>, U: ArgParamsEx<Id = spirv::Word>> Visitab
     }
 }
 
-pub trait ArgParamsEx: ast::ArgParams + Sized {
-    fn get_fn_decl<'x, 'b>(
-        id: &Self::Id,
-        decl: &'b GlobalFnDeclResolver<'x, 'b>,
-    ) -> Result<&'b FnDecl, TranslateError>;
-}
+pub trait ArgParamsEx: ast::ArgParams + Sized {}
 
-impl<'input> ArgParamsEx for ast::ParsedArgParams<'input> {
-    fn get_fn_decl<'x, 'b>(
-        id: &Self::Id,
-        decl: &'b GlobalFnDeclResolver<'x, 'b>,
-    ) -> Result<&'b FnDecl, TranslateError> {
-        decl.get_fn_decl_str(id)
-    }
-}
+impl<'input> ArgParamsEx for ast::ParsedArgParams<'input> {}
 
 enum NormalizedArgParams {}
 
@@ -5676,14 +5558,7 @@ impl ast::ArgParams for NormalizedArgParams {
     type Operand = ast::Operand<spirv::Word>;
 }
 
-impl ArgParamsEx for NormalizedArgParams {
-    fn get_fn_decl<'a, 'b>(
-        id: &Self::Id,
-        decl: &'b GlobalFnDeclResolver<'a, 'b>,
-    ) -> Result<&'b FnDecl, TranslateError> {
-        decl.get_fn_decl(*id)
-    }
-}
+impl ArgParamsEx for NormalizedArgParams {}
 
 type NormalizedStatement = Statement<
     (
@@ -5702,14 +5577,7 @@ impl ast::ArgParams for TypedArgParams {
     type Operand = TypedOperand;
 }
 
-impl ArgParamsEx for TypedArgParams {
-    fn get_fn_decl<'a, 'b>(
-        id: &Self::Id,
-        decl: &'b GlobalFnDeclResolver<'a, 'b>,
-    ) -> Result<&'b FnDecl, TranslateError> {
-        decl.get_fn_decl(*id)
-    }
-}
+impl ArgParamsEx for TypedArgParams {}
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 enum TypedOperand {
@@ -5740,24 +5608,16 @@ impl ast::ArgParams for ExpandedArgParams {
     type Operand = spirv::Word;
 }
 
-impl ArgParamsEx for ExpandedArgParams {
-    fn get_fn_decl<'a, 'b>(
-        id: &Self::Id,
-        decl: &'b GlobalFnDeclResolver<'a, 'b>,
-    ) -> Result<&'b FnDecl, TranslateError> {
-        decl.get_fn_decl(*id)
-    }
-}
+impl ArgParamsEx for ExpandedArgParams {}
 
 enum Directive<'input> {
-    Variable(ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, spirv::Word>),
+    Variable(ast::LinkingDirective, ast::Variable<spirv::Word>),
     Method(Function<'input>),
 }
 
 struct Function<'input> {
-    pub func_decl: ast::MethodDecl<'input, spirv::Word>,
-    pub spirv_decl: SpirvMethodDecl<'input>,
-    pub globals: Vec<ast::Variable<ast::VariableType, spirv::Word>>,
+    pub func_decl: Rc<RefCell<ast::MethodDeclaration<'input, spirv::Word>>>,
+    pub globals: Vec<ast::Variable<spirv::Word>>,
     pub body: Option<Vec<ExpandedStatement>>,
     import_as: Option<String>,
     tuning: Vec<ast::TuningDirective>,
@@ -5767,12 +5627,13 @@ pub trait ArgumentMapVisitor<T: ArgParamsEx, U: ArgParamsEx> {
     fn id(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<T::Id>,
-        typ: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        typ: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<U::Id, TranslateError>;
     fn operand(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<T::Operand>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<U::Operand, TranslateError>;
 }
 
@@ -5780,13 +5641,13 @@ impl<T> ArgumentMapVisitor<ExpandedArgParams, ExpandedArgParams> for T
 where
     T: FnMut(
         ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        Option<&ast::Type>,
+        Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError>,
 {
     fn id(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        t: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        t: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         self(desc, t)
     }
@@ -5795,8 +5656,9 @@ where
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
-        self(desc, Some(typ))
+        self(desc, Some((typ, state_space)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -5807,7 +5669,7 @@ where
     fn id(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<&str>,
-        _: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        _: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         self(desc.op)
     }
@@ -5816,6 +5678,7 @@ where
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<ast::Operand<&str>>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<ast::Operand<spirv::Word>, TranslateError> {
         Ok(match desc.op {
             ast::Operand::Reg(id) => ast::Operand::Reg(self(id)?),
@@ -5824,7 +5687,7 @@ where
             ast::Operand::VecMember(id, member) => ast::Operand::VecMember(self(id)?, member),
             ast::Operand::VecPack(ref ids) => ast::Operand::VecPack(
                 ids.into_iter()
-                    .map(|id| self.id(desc.new_op(id), Some(typ)))
+                    .map(|id| self.id(desc.new_op(id), Some((typ, state_space))))
                     .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
             ),
         })
@@ -5834,37 +5697,30 @@ where
 pub struct ArgumentDescriptor<Op> {
     op: Op,
     is_dst: bool,
-    sema: ArgumentSemantics,
+    is_memory_access: bool,
+    non_default_implicit_conversion: Option<
+        fn(
+            (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+            (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+        ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError>,
+    >,
 }
 
 pub struct PtrAccess<P: ast::ArgParams> {
-    underlying_type: ast::PointerType,
-    state_space: ast::LdStateSpace,
+    underlying_type: ast::ScalarType,
+    state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     dst: spirv::Word,
     ptr_src: spirv::Word,
     offset_src: P::Operand,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-pub enum ArgumentSemantics {
-    // normal register access
-    Default,
-    // normal register access with relaxed conversion rules (ld/st)
-    DefaultRelaxed,
-    // st/ld global
-    PhysicalPointer,
-    // st/ld .param, .local
-    RegisterPointer,
-    // mov of .local/.global variables
-    Address,
-}
-
 impl<T> ArgumentDescriptor<T> {
     fn new_op<U>(&self, u: U) -> ArgumentDescriptor<U> {
         ArgumentDescriptor {
             op: u,
             is_dst: self.is_dst,
-            sema: self.sema,
+            is_memory_access: self.is_memory_access,
+            non_default_implicit_conversion: self.non_default_implicit_conversion,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -5905,7 +5761,9 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Instruction<T> {
                 let inst_type = d.typ;
                 ast::Instruction::SetpBool(d, a.map(visitor, &ast::Type::Scalar(inst_type))?)
             }
-            ast::Instruction::Not(t, a) => ast::Instruction::Not(t, a.map(visitor, &t.to_type())?),
+            ast::Instruction::Not(t, a) => {
+                ast::Instruction::Not(t, a.map(visitor, &ast::Type::Scalar(t))?)
+            }
             ast::Instruction::Cvt(d, a) => {
                 let (dst_t, src_t) = match &d {
                     ast::CvtDetails::FloatFromFloat(desc) => (
@@ -5928,7 +5786,7 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Instruction<T> {
                 ast::Instruction::Cvt(d, a.map_different_types(visitor, &dst_t, &src_t)?)
             }
             ast::Instruction::Shl(t, a) => {
-                ast::Instruction::Shl(t, a.map_shift(visitor, &t.to_type())?)
+                ast::Instruction::Shl(t, a.map_shift(visitor, &ast::Type::Scalar(t))?)
             }
             ast::Instruction::Shr(t, a) => {
                 ast::Instruction::Shr(t, a.map_shift(visitor, &ast::Type::Scalar(t.into()))?)
@@ -6101,17 +5959,19 @@ impl ImplicitConversion {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: self.dst_sema,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            Some(&self.to),
+            Some((&self.to_type, self.to_space)),
         )?;
         let new_src = visitor.id(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: self.src_sema,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            Some(&self.from),
+            Some((&self.from_type, self.from_space)),
         )?;
         Ok(Statement::Conversion({
             ImplicitConversion {
@@ -6138,13 +5998,13 @@ impl<T> ArgumentMapVisitor<TypedArgParams, TypedArgParams> for T
 where
     T: FnMut(
         ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        Option<&ast::Type>,
+        Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError>,
 {
     fn id(
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<spirv::Word>,
-        t: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        t: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<spirv::Word, TranslateError> {
         self(desc, t)
     }
@@ -6153,12 +6013,15 @@ where
         &mut self,
         desc: ArgumentDescriptor<TypedOperand>,
         typ: &ast::Type,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<TypedOperand, TranslateError> {
         Ok(match desc.op {
-            TypedOperand::Reg(id) => TypedOperand::Reg(self(desc.new_op(id), Some(typ))?),
+            TypedOperand::Reg(id) => {
+                TypedOperand::Reg(self(desc.new_op(id), Some((typ, state_space)))?)
+            }
             TypedOperand::Imm(imm) => TypedOperand::Imm(imm),
             TypedOperand::RegOffset(id, imm) => {
-                TypedOperand::RegOffset(self(desc.new_op(id), Some(typ))?, imm)
+                TypedOperand::RegOffset(self(desc.new_op(id), Some((typ, state_space)))?, imm)
             }
             TypedOperand::VecMember(reg, index) => {
                 let scalar_type = match typ {
@@ -6166,7 +6029,10 @@ where
                     _ => return Err(error_unreachable()),
                 };
                 let vec_type = ast::Type::Vector(scalar_type, index + 1);
-                TypedOperand::VecMember(self(desc.new_op(reg), Some(&vec_type))?, index)
+                TypedOperand::VecMember(
+                    self(desc.new_op(reg), Some((&vec_type, state_space)))?,
+                    index,
+                )
             }
         })
     }
@@ -6178,9 +6044,9 @@ impl ast::Type {
             ast::Type::Scalar(scalar) => {
                 let kind = scalar.kind();
                 let width = scalar.size_of();
-                if (kind != ScalarKind::Signed
-                    && kind != ScalarKind::Unsigned
-                    && kind != ScalarKind::Bit)
+                if (kind != ast::ScalarKind::Signed
+                    && kind != ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned
+                    && kind != ast::ScalarKind::Bit)
                     || (width == 8)
                 {
                     return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
@@ -6198,57 +6064,32 @@ impl ast::Type {
         match self {
             ast::Type::Scalar(scalar) => TypeParts {
                 kind: TypeKind::Scalar,
+                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
                 scalar_kind: scalar.kind(),
                 width: scalar.size_of(),
                 components: Vec::new(),
-                state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
             },
             ast::Type::Vector(scalar, components) => TypeParts {
                 kind: TypeKind::Vector,
+                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
                 scalar_kind: scalar.kind(),
                 width: scalar.size_of(),
                 components: vec![*components as u32],
-                state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
             },
             ast::Type::Array(scalar, components) => TypeParts {
                 kind: TypeKind::Array,
+                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Reg,
                 scalar_kind: scalar.kind(),
                 width: scalar.size_of(),
                 components: components.clone(),
-                state_space: ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
             },
-            ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Scalar(scalar), state_space) => TypeParts {
-                kind: TypeKind::PointerScalar,
+            ast::Type::Pointer(scalar, space) => TypeParts {
+                kind: TypeKind::Pointer,
+                state_space: *space,
                 scalar_kind: scalar.kind(),
                 width: scalar.size_of(),
                 components: Vec::new(),
-                state_space: *state_space,
-            },
-            ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Vector(scalar, len), state_space) => TypeParts {
-                kind: TypeKind::PointerVector,
-                scalar_kind: scalar.kind(),
-                width: scalar.size_of(),
-                components: vec![*len as u32],
-                state_space: *state_space,
             },
-            ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Array(scalar, components), state_space) => {
-                TypeParts {
-                    kind: TypeKind::PointerArray,
-                    scalar_kind: scalar.kind(),
-                    width: scalar.size_of(),
-                    components: components.clone(),
-                    state_space: *state_space,
-                }
-            }
-            ast::Type::Pointer(ast::PointerType::Pointer(scalar, inner_space), state_space) => {
-                TypeParts {
-                    kind: TypeKind::PointerPointer,
-                    scalar_kind: scalar.kind(),
-                    width: scalar.size_of(),
-                    components: vec![*inner_space as u32],
-                    state_space: *state_space,
-                }
-            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -6265,29 +6106,8 @@ impl ast::Type {
                 ast::ScalarType::from_parts(t.width, t.scalar_kind),
                 t.components,
             ),
-            TypeKind::PointerScalar => ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::from_parts(t.width, t.scalar_kind)),
-                t.state_space,
-            ),
-            TypeKind::PointerVector => ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::Vector(
-                    ast::ScalarType::from_parts(t.width, t.scalar_kind),
-                    t.components[0] as u8,
-                ),
-                t.state_space,
-            ),
-            TypeKind::PointerArray => ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::Array(
-                    ast::ScalarType::from_parts(t.width, t.scalar_kind),
-                    t.components,
-                ),
-                t.state_space,
-            ),
-            TypeKind::PointerPointer => ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::Pointer(
-                    ast::ScalarType::from_parts(t.width, t.scalar_kind),
-                    unsafe { mem::transmute::<_, ast::LdStateSpace>(t.components[0] as u8) },
-                ),
+            TypeKind::Pointer => ast::Type::Pointer(
+                ast::ScalarType::from_parts(t.width, t.scalar_kind),
                 t.state_space,
             ),
         }
@@ -6300,7 +6120,7 @@ impl ast::Type {
             ast::Type::Array(typ, len) => len
                 .iter()
                 .fold(typ.size_of() as usize, |x, y| (x as usize) * (*y as usize)),
-            ast::Type::Pointer(_, _) => mem::size_of::<usize>(),
+            ast::Type::Pointer(..) => mem::size_of::<usize>(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -6308,10 +6128,10 @@ impl ast::Type {
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
 struct TypeParts {
     kind: TypeKind,
-    scalar_kind: ScalarKind,
+    scalar_kind: ast::ScalarKind,
     width: u8,
+    state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     components: Vec<u32>,
-    state_space: ast::LdStateSpace,
 }
 
 #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Copy, Clone)]
@@ -6319,10 +6139,7 @@ enum TypeKind {
     Scalar,
     Vector,
     Array,
-    PointerScalar,
-    PointerVector,
-    PointerArray,
-    PointerPointer,
+    Pointer,
 }
 
 impl ast::Instruction<ExpandedArgParams> {
@@ -6450,21 +6267,21 @@ struct BrachCondition {
 struct ImplicitConversion {
     src: spirv::Word,
     dst: spirv::Word,
-    from: ast::Type,
-    to: ast::Type,
+    from_type: ast::Type,
+    to_type: ast::Type,
+    from_space: ast::StateSpace,
+    to_space: ast::StateSpace,
     kind: ConversionKind,
-    src_sema: ArgumentSemantics,
-    dst_sema: ArgumentSemantics,
 }
 
-#[derive(PartialEq, Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Clone)]
 enum ConversionKind {
     Default,
     // zero-extend/chop/bitcast depending on types
     SignExtend,
-    BitToPtr(ast::LdStateSpace),
-    PtrToBit(ast::UIntType),
-    PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr: bool },
+    BitToPtr,
+    PtrToPtr,
+    AddressOf,
 }
 
 impl<T> ast::PredAt<T> {
@@ -6512,13 +6329,14 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg1<T> {
     fn map<U: ArgParamsEx, V: ArgumentMapVisitor<T, U>>(
         self,
         visitor: &mut V,
-        t: Option<&ast::Type>,
+        t: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
     ) -> Result<ast::Arg1<U>, TranslateError> {
         let new_src = visitor.id(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
         )?;
@@ -6535,9 +6353,11 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg1Bar<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg1Bar { src: new_src })
     }
@@ -6553,17 +6373,21 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg2<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let new_src = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg2 {
             dst: new_dst,
@@ -6581,17 +6405,21 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg2<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             dst_t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             src_t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg2 { dst, src })
     }
@@ -6607,26 +6435,21 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg2Ld<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::DefaultRelaxed,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: Some(should_convert_relaxed_dst_wrapper),
             },
             &ast::Type::from(details.typ.clone()),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
-        let is_logical_ptr = details.state_space == ast::LdStateSpace::Param
-            || details.state_space == ast::LdStateSpace::Local;
         let src = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: if is_logical_ptr {
-                    ArgumentSemantics::RegisterPointer
-                } else {
-                    ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer
-                },
+                is_memory_access: true,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            &ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::from(details.typ.clone()),
-                details.state_space,
-            ),
+            &details.typ,
+            details.state_space,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg2Ld { dst, src })
     }
@@ -6638,30 +6461,25 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg2St<T> {
         visitor: &mut V,
         details: &ast::StData,
     ) -> Result<ast::Arg2St<U>, TranslateError> {
-        let is_logical_ptr = details.state_space == ast::StStateSpace::Param
-            || details.state_space == ast::StStateSpace::Local;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: if is_logical_ptr {
-                    ArgumentSemantics::RegisterPointer
-                } else {
-                    ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer
-                },
+                is_memory_access: true,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            &ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::from(details.typ.clone()),
-                details.state_space.to_ld_ss(),
-            ),
+            &details.typ,
+            details.state_space,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::DefaultRelaxed,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: Some(should_convert_relaxed_src_wrapper),
             },
             &details.typ.clone().into(),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg2St { src1, src2 })
     }
@@ -6677,21 +6495,21 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg2Mov<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &details.typ.clone().into(),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: if details.src_is_address {
-                    ArgumentSemantics::Address
-                } else {
-                    ArgumentSemantics::Default
-                },
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: Some(implicit_conversion_mov),
             },
             &details.typ.clone().into(),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg2Mov { dst, src })
     }
@@ -6713,25 +6531,31 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg3<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             wide_type.as_ref().unwrap_or(typ),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             typ,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             typ,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg3 { dst, src1, src2 })
     }
@@ -6745,25 +6569,31 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg3<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg3 { dst, src1, src2 })
     }
@@ -6772,35 +6602,38 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg3<T> {
         self,
         visitor: &mut V,
         t: ast::ScalarType,
-        state_space: ast::AtomSpace,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<ast::Arg3<U>, TranslateError> {
         let scalar_type = ast::ScalarType::from(t);
         let dst = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer,
+                is_memory_access: true,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            &ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::Scalar(scalar_type),
-                state_space.to_ld_ss(),
-            ),
+            &ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type),
+            state_space,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg3 { dst, src1, src2 })
     }
@@ -6822,33 +6655,41 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg4<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             wide_type.as_ref().unwrap_or(t),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src3 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src3,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg4 {
             dst,
@@ -6861,39 +6702,47 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg4<T> {
     fn map_selp<U: ArgParamsEx, V: ArgumentMapVisitor<T, U>>(
         self,
         visitor: &mut V,
-        t: ast::SelpType,
+        t: ast::ScalarType,
     ) -> Result<ast::Arg4<U>, TranslateError> {
         let dst = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(t.into()),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(t.into()),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(t.into()),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src3 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src3,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg4 {
             dst,
@@ -6906,44 +6755,49 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg4<T> {
     fn map_atom<U: ArgParamsEx, V: ArgumentMapVisitor<T, U>>(
         self,
         visitor: &mut V,
-        t: ast::BitType,
-        state_space: ast::AtomSpace,
+        t: ast::ScalarType,
+        state_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<ast::Arg4<U>, TranslateError> {
         let scalar_type = ast::ScalarType::from(t);
         let dst = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer,
+                is_memory_access: true,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            &ast::Type::Pointer(
-                ast::PointerType::Scalar(scalar_type),
-                state_space.to_ld_ss(),
-            ),
+            &ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type),
+            state_space,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src3 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src3,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_type),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg4 {
             dst,
@@ -6962,34 +6816,42 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg4<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             typ,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             typ,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let u32_type = ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32);
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &u32_type,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src3 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src3,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &u32_type,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg4 {
             dst,
@@ -7010,9 +6872,13 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg4Setp<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst1,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            Some(&ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred)),
+            Some((
+                &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+            )),
         )?;
         let dst2 = self
             .dst2
@@ -7021,9 +6887,13 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg4Setp<T> {
                     ArgumentDescriptor {
                         op: dst2,
                         is_dst: true,
-                        sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                        is_memory_access: false,
+                        non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
                     },
-                    Some(&ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred)),
+                    Some((
+                        &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
+                        ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                    )),
                 )
             })
             .transpose()?;
@@ -7031,17 +6901,21 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg4Setp<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg4Setp {
             dst1,
@@ -7062,41 +6936,51 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg5<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             base_type,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src1 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             base_type,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             base_type,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src3 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src3,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src4 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src4,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg5 {
             dst,
@@ -7118,9 +7002,13 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg5Setp<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.dst1,
                 is_dst: true,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
-            Some(&ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred)),
+            Some((
+                &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
+                ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+            )),
         )?;
         let dst2 = self
             .dst2
@@ -7129,9 +7017,13 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg5Setp<T> {
                     ArgumentDescriptor {
                         op: dst2,
                         is_dst: true,
-                        sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                        is_memory_access: false,
+                        non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
                     },
-                    Some(&ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred)),
+                    Some((
+                        &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
+                        ast::StateSpace::Reg,
+                    )),
                 )
             })
             .transpose()?;
@@ -7139,25 +7031,31 @@ impl<T: ArgParamsEx> ast::Arg5Setp<T> {
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src1,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src2 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src2,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             t,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         let src3 = visitor.operand(
             ArgumentDescriptor {
                 op: self.src3,
                 is_dst: false,
-                sema: ArgumentSemantics::Default,
+                is_memory_access: false,
+                non_default_implicit_conversion: None,
             },
             &ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg,
         )?;
         Ok(ast::Arg5Setp {
             dst1,
@@ -7195,115 +7093,41 @@ impl ast::Operand<spirv::Word> {
     }
 }
 
-impl ast::StStateSpace {
-    fn to_ld_ss(self) -> ast::LdStateSpace {
-        match self {
-            ast::StStateSpace::Generic => ast::LdStateSpace::Generic,
-            ast::StStateSpace::Global => ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
-            ast::StStateSpace::Local => ast::LdStateSpace::Local,
-            ast::StStateSpace::Param => ast::LdStateSpace::Param,
-            ast::StStateSpace::Shared => ast::LdStateSpace::Shared,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum ScalarKind {
-    Bit,
-    Unsigned,
-    Signed,
-    Float,
-    Float2,
-    Pred,
-}
-
 impl ast::ScalarType {
-    fn kind(self) -> ScalarKind {
-        match self {
-            ast::ScalarType::U8 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
-            ast::ScalarType::U16 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
-            ast::ScalarType::U32 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
-            ast::ScalarType::U64 => ScalarKind::Unsigned,
-            ast::ScalarType::S8 => ScalarKind::Signed,
-            ast::ScalarType::S16 => ScalarKind::Signed,
-            ast::ScalarType::S32 => ScalarKind::Signed,
-            ast::ScalarType::S64 => ScalarKind::Signed,
-            ast::ScalarType::B8 => ScalarKind::Bit,
-            ast::ScalarType::B16 => ScalarKind::Bit,
-            ast::ScalarType::B32 => ScalarKind::Bit,
-            ast::ScalarType::B64 => ScalarKind::Bit,
-            ast::ScalarType::F16 => ScalarKind::Float,
-            ast::ScalarType::F32 => ScalarKind::Float,
-            ast::ScalarType::F64 => ScalarKind::Float,
-            ast::ScalarType::F16x2 => ScalarKind::Float2,
-            ast::ScalarType::Pred => ScalarKind::Pred,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn from_parts(width: u8, kind: ScalarKind) -> Self {
+    fn from_parts(width: u8, kind: ast::ScalarKind) -> Self {
         match kind {
-            ScalarKind::Float => match width {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float => match width {
                 2 => ast::ScalarType::F16,
                 4 => ast::ScalarType::F32,
                 8 => ast::ScalarType::F64,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
-            ScalarKind::Bit => match width {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Bit => match width {
                 1 => ast::ScalarType::B8,
                 2 => ast::ScalarType::B16,
                 4 => ast::ScalarType::B32,
                 8 => ast::ScalarType::B64,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
-            ScalarKind::Signed => match width {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Signed => match width {
                 1 => ast::ScalarType::S8,
                 2 => ast::ScalarType::S16,
                 4 => ast::ScalarType::S32,
                 8 => ast::ScalarType::S64,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
-            ScalarKind::Unsigned => match width {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned => match width {
                 1 => ast::ScalarType::U8,
                 2 => ast::ScalarType::U16,
                 4 => ast::ScalarType::U32,
                 8 => ast::ScalarType::U64,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
-            ScalarKind::Float2 => match width {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float2 => match width {
                 4 => ast::ScalarType::F16x2,
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             },
-            ScalarKind::Pred => ast::ScalarType::Pred,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ast::BooleanType {
-    fn to_type(self) -> ast::Type {
-        match self {
-            ast::BooleanType::Pred => ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::Pred),
-            ast::BooleanType::B16 => ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B16),
-            ast::BooleanType::B32 => ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B32),
-            ast::BooleanType::B64 => ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ast::ShlType {
-    fn to_type(self) -> ast::Type {
-        match self {
-            ast::ShlType::B16 => ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B16),
-            ast::ShlType::B32 => ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B32),
-            ast::ShlType::B64 => ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ast::ShrType {
-    fn signed(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            ast::ShrType::S16 | ast::ShrType::S32 | ast::ShrType::S64 => true,
-            _ => false,
+            ast::ScalarKind::Pred => ast::ScalarType::Pred,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -7359,49 +7183,47 @@ impl ast::AtomInnerDetails {
     }
 }
 
-impl ast::SIntType {
-    fn from_size(width: u8) -> Self {
-        match width {
-            1 => ast::SIntType::S8,
-            2 => ast::SIntType::S16,
-            4 => ast::SIntType::S32,
-            8 => ast::SIntType::S64,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
+impl ast::StateSpace {
+    fn to_spirv(self) -> spirv::StorageClass {
+        match self {
+            ast::StateSpace::Const => spirv::StorageClass::UniformConstant,
+            ast::StateSpace::Generic => spirv::StorageClass::Generic,
+            ast::StateSpace::Global => spirv::StorageClass::CrossWorkgroup,
+            ast::StateSpace::Local => spirv::StorageClass::Function,
+            ast::StateSpace::Shared => spirv::StorageClass::Workgroup,
+            ast::StateSpace::Param => spirv::StorageClass::Function,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg => spirv::StorageClass::Function,
+            ast::StateSpace::Sreg => spirv::StorageClass::Input,
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl ast::UIntType {
-    fn from_size(width: u8) -> Self {
-        match width {
-            1 => ast::UIntType::U8,
-            2 => ast::UIntType::U16,
-            4 => ast::UIntType::U32,
-            8 => ast::UIntType::U64,
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+    fn is_compatible(self, other: ast::StateSpace) -> bool {
+        self == other
+            || self == ast::StateSpace::Reg && other == ast::StateSpace::Sreg
+            || self == ast::StateSpace::Sreg && other == ast::StateSpace::Reg
     }
-}
 
-impl ast::LdStateSpace {
-    fn to_spirv(self) -> spirv::StorageClass {
+    fn coerces_to_generic(self) -> bool {
         match self {
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Const => spirv::StorageClass::UniformConstant,
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Generic => spirv::StorageClass::Generic,
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Global => spirv::StorageClass::CrossWorkgroup,
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Local => spirv::StorageClass::Function,
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Shared => spirv::StorageClass::Workgroup,
-            ast::LdStateSpace::Param => spirv::StorageClass::Function,
+            ast::StateSpace::Global
+            | ast::StateSpace::Const
+            | ast::StateSpace::Local
+            | ast::StateSpace::Shared => true,
+            ast::StateSpace::Reg
+            | ast::StateSpace::Param
+            | ast::StateSpace::Generic
+            | ast::StateSpace::Sreg => false,
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl From<ast::FnArgumentType> for ast::VariableType {
-    fn from(t: ast::FnArgumentType) -> Self {
-        match t {
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(t) => ast::VariableType::Reg(t),
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Param(t) => ast::VariableType::Param(t),
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Shared => todo!(),
+    fn is_addressable(self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            ast::StateSpace::Const
+            | ast::StateSpace::Generic
+            | ast::StateSpace::Global
+            | ast::StateSpace::Local
+            | ast::StateSpace::Shared => true,
+            ast::StateSpace::Param | ast::StateSpace::Reg | ast::StateSpace::Sreg => false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -7427,16 +7249,6 @@ impl ast::MulDetails {
     }
 }
 
-impl ast::AtomSpace {
-    fn to_ld_ss(self) -> ast::LdStateSpace {
-        match self {
-            ast::AtomSpace::Generic => ast::LdStateSpace::Generic,
-            ast::AtomSpace::Global => ast::LdStateSpace::Global,
-            ast::AtomSpace::Shared => ast::LdStateSpace::Shared,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl ast::MemScope {
     fn to_spirv(self) -> spirv::Scope {
         match self {
@@ -7458,109 +7270,96 @@ impl ast::AtomSemantics {
     }
 }
 
-impl ast::FnArgumentType {
-    fn semantics(&self) -> ArgumentSemantics {
-        match self {
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Reg(_) => ArgumentSemantics::Default,
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Param(_) => ArgumentSemantics::RegisterPointer,
-            ast::FnArgumentType::Shared => ArgumentSemantics::PhysicalPointer,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn bitcast_register_pointer(
-    operand_type: &ast::Type,
-    instr_type: &ast::Type,
-    ss: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
+fn default_implicit_conversion(
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
 ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
-    bitcast_physical_pointer(operand_type, instr_type, ss)
+    if !instruction_space.is_compatible(operand_space) {
+        default_implicit_conversion_space(
+            (operand_space, operand_type),
+            (instruction_space, instruction_type),
+        )
+    } else if instruction_type != operand_type {
+        default_implicit_conversion_type(instruction_space, operand_type, instruction_type)
+    } else {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
 }
 
-fn bitcast_physical_pointer(
-    operand_type: &ast::Type,
-    instr_type: &ast::Type,
-    ss: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
+// Space is different
+fn default_implicit_conversion_space(
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
 ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
-    match operand_type {
-        // array decays to a pointer
-        ast::Type::Array(op_scalar_t, _) => {
-            if let ast::Type::Pointer(instr_scalar_t, instr_space) = instr_type {
-                if ss == Some(*instr_space) {
-                    if ast::Type::Scalar(*op_scalar_t) == ast::Type::from(instr_scalar_t.clone()) {
-                        Ok(None)
-                    } else {
-                        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr: false }))
-                    }
+    if (instruction_space == ast::StateSpace::Generic && operand_space.coerces_to_generic())
+        || (operand_space == ast::StateSpace::Generic && instruction_space.coerces_to_generic())
+    {
+        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
+    } else if operand_space.is_compatible(ast::StateSpace::Reg) {
+        match operand_type {
+            ast::Type::Pointer(operand_ptr_type, operand_ptr_space)
+                if *operand_ptr_space == instruction_space =>
+            {
+                if instruction_type != &ast::Type::Scalar(*operand_ptr_type) {
+                    Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
                 } else {
-                    if ss == Some(ast::LdStateSpace::Generic)
-                        || *instr_space == ast::LdStateSpace::Generic
-                    {
-                        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr: false }))
-                    } else {
-                        Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
-                    }
+                    Ok(None)
                 }
-            } else {
-                Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
-            }
-        }
-        ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64)
-        | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U64)
-        | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64) => {
-            if let Some(space) = ss {
-                Ok(Some(ConversionKind::BitToPtr(space)))
-            } else {
-                Err(error_unreachable())
-            }
-        }
-        ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B32)
-        | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32)
-        | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S32) => match ss {
-            Some(ast::LdStateSpace::Shared)
-            | Some(ast::LdStateSpace::Generic)
-            | Some(ast::LdStateSpace::Param)
-            | Some(ast::LdStateSpace::Local) => {
-                Ok(Some(ConversionKind::BitToPtr(ast::LdStateSpace::Shared)))
             }
+            // TODO: 32 bit
+            ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U64)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64) => match instruction_space {
+                ast::StateSpace::Global
+                | ast::StateSpace::Generic
+                | ast::StateSpace::Const
+                | ast::StateSpace::Local
+                | ast::StateSpace::Shared => Ok(Some(ConversionKind::BitToPtr)),
+                _ => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
+            },
+            ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B32)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S32) => match instruction_space {
+                ast::StateSpace::Const | ast::StateSpace::Local | ast::StateSpace::Shared => {
+                    Ok(Some(ConversionKind::BitToPtr))
+                }
+                _ => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
+            },
             _ => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
-        },
-        ast::Type::Pointer(op_scalar_t, op_space) => {
-            if let ast::Type::Pointer(instr_scalar_t, instr_space) = instr_type {
-                if op_space == instr_space {
-                    if op_scalar_t == instr_scalar_t {
-                        Ok(None)
-                    } else {
-                        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr: false }))
-                    }
+        }
+    } else if instruction_space.is_compatible(ast::StateSpace::Reg) {
+        match instruction_type {
+            ast::Type::Pointer(instruction_ptr_type, instruction_ptr_space)
+                if operand_space == *instruction_ptr_space =>
+            {
+                if operand_type != &ast::Type::Scalar(*instruction_ptr_type) {
+                    Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
                 } else {
-                    if *op_space == ast::LdStateSpace::Generic
-                        || *instr_space == ast::LdStateSpace::Generic
-                    {
-                        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr { spirv_ptr: false }))
-                    } else {
-                        Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
-                    }
+                    Ok(None)
                 }
-            } else {
-                Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
             }
+            _ => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
         }
-        _ => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
+    } else {
+        Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
     }
 }
 
-fn force_bitcast_ptr_to_bit(
-    _: &ast::Type,
-    instr_type: &ast::Type,
-    _: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
+// Space is same, but type is different
+fn default_implicit_conversion_type(
+    space: ast::StateSpace,
+    operand_type: &ast::Type,
+    instruction_type: &ast::Type,
 ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
-    // TODO: verify this on f32, u16 and the like
-    if let ast::Type::Scalar(scalar_t) = instr_type {
-        if let Ok(int_type) = (*scalar_t).try_into() {
-            return Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToBit(int_type)));
+    if space.is_compatible(ast::StateSpace::Reg) {
+        if should_bitcast(instruction_type, operand_type) {
+            Ok(Some(ConversionKind::Default))
+        } else {
+            Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
         }
+    } else {
+        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
     }
-    Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
 }
 
 fn should_bitcast(instr: &ast::Type, operand: &ast::Type) -> bool {
@@ -7570,16 +7369,18 @@ fn should_bitcast(instr: &ast::Type, operand: &ast::Type) -> bool {
                 return false;
             }
             match inst.kind() {
-                ScalarKind::Bit => operand.kind() != ScalarKind::Bit,
-                ScalarKind::Float => operand.kind() == ScalarKind::Bit,
-                ScalarKind::Signed => {
-                    operand.kind() == ScalarKind::Bit || operand.kind() == ScalarKind::Unsigned
+                ast::ScalarKind::Bit => operand.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Bit,
+                ast::ScalarKind::Float => operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit,
+                ast::ScalarKind::Signed => {
+                    operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                        || operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned
                 }
-                ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
-                    operand.kind() == ScalarKind::Bit || operand.kind() == ScalarKind::Signed
+                ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
+                    operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                        || operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed
                 }
-                ScalarKind::Float2 => false,
-                ScalarKind::Pred => false,
+                ast::ScalarKind::Float2 => false,
+                ast::ScalarKind::Pred => false,
             }
         }
         (ast::Type::Vector(inst, _), ast::Type::Vector(operand, _))
@@ -7590,47 +7391,45 @@ fn should_bitcast(instr: &ast::Type, operand: &ast::Type) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-fn should_bitcast_packed(
-    operand: &ast::Type,
-    instr: &ast::Type,
-    ss: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
+fn implicit_conversion_mov(
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
 ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
-    if let (ast::Type::Vector(vec_underlying_type, vec_len), ast::Type::Scalar(scalar)) =
-        (operand, instr)
-    {
-        if scalar.kind() == ScalarKind::Bit
-            && scalar.size_of() == (vec_underlying_type.size_of() * vec_len)
+    // instruction_space is always reg
+    if operand_space.is_compatible(ast::StateSpace::Reg) {
+        if let (ast::Type::Vector(vec_underlying_type, vec_len), ast::Type::Scalar(scalar)) =
+            (operand_type, instruction_type)
         {
-            return Ok(Some(ConversionKind::Default));
-        }
-    }
-    should_bitcast_wrapper(operand, instr, ss)
-}
-
-fn should_bitcast_wrapper(
-    operand: &ast::Type,
-    instr: &ast::Type,
-    _: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
-) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
-    if instr == operand {
-        return Ok(None);
-    }
-    if should_bitcast(instr, operand) {
-        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::Default))
-    } else {
-        Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
-    }
+            if scalar.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                && scalar.size_of() == (vec_underlying_type.size_of() * vec_len)
+            {
+                return Ok(Some(ConversionKind::Default));
+            }
+        }
+    // TODO: verify .params addressability:
+    // * kernel arg
+    // * func arg
+    // * variable
+    } else if operand_space.is_addressable() {
+        return Ok(Some(ConversionKind::AddressOf));
+    }
+    default_implicit_conversion(
+        (operand_space, operand_type),
+        (instruction_space, instruction_type),
+    )
 }
 
 fn should_convert_relaxed_src_wrapper(
-    src_type: &ast::Type,
-    instr_type: &ast::Type,
-    _: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
 ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
-    if src_type == instr_type {
+    if !operand_space.is_compatible(instruction_space) {
+        return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
+    }
+    if operand_type == instruction_type {
         return Ok(None);
     }
-    match should_convert_relaxed_src(src_type, instr_type) {
+    match should_convert_relaxed_src(operand_type, instruction_type) {
         conv @ Some(_) => Ok(conv),
         None => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
     }
@@ -7646,32 +7445,33 @@ fn should_convert_relaxed_src(
     }
     match (src_type, instr_type) {
         (ast::Type::Scalar(src_type), ast::Type::Scalar(instr_type)) => match instr_type.kind() {
-            ScalarKind::Bit => {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Bit => {
                 if instr_type.size_of() <= src_type.size_of() {
                     Some(ConversionKind::Default)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ScalarKind::Signed | ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Signed | ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
                 if instr_type.size_of() <= src_type.size_of()
-                    && src_type.kind() != ScalarKind::Float
+                    && src_type.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Float
                 {
                     Some(ConversionKind::Default)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ScalarKind::Float => {
-                if instr_type.size_of() <= src_type.size_of() && src_type.kind() == ScalarKind::Bit
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= src_type.size_of()
+                    && src_type.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
                 {
                     Some(ConversionKind::Default)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ScalarKind::Float2 => todo!(),
-            ScalarKind::Pred => None,
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float2 => todo!(),
+            ast::ScalarKind::Pred => None,
         },
         (ast::Type::Vector(dst_type, _), ast::Type::Vector(instr_type, _))
         | (ast::Type::Array(dst_type, _), ast::Type::Array(instr_type, _)) => {
@@ -7685,14 +7485,16 @@ fn should_convert_relaxed_src(
 }
 
 fn should_convert_relaxed_dst_wrapper(
-    dst_type: &ast::Type,
-    instr_type: &ast::Type,
-    _: Option<ast::LdStateSpace>,
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
 ) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
-    if dst_type == instr_type {
+    if !operand_space.is_compatible(instruction_space) {
+        return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
+    }
+    if operand_type == instruction_type {
         return Ok(None);
     }
-    match should_convert_relaxed_dst(dst_type, instr_type) {
+    match should_convert_relaxed_dst(operand_type, instruction_type) {
         conv @ Some(_) => Ok(conv),
         None => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
     }
@@ -7708,15 +7510,15 @@ fn should_convert_relaxed_dst(
     }
     match (dst_type, instr_type) {
         (ast::Type::Scalar(dst_type), ast::Type::Scalar(instr_type)) => match instr_type.kind() {
-            ScalarKind::Bit => {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Bit => {
                 if instr_type.size_of() <= dst_type.size_of() {
                     Some(ConversionKind::Default)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ScalarKind::Signed => {
-                if dst_type.kind() != ScalarKind::Float {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Signed => {
+                if dst_type.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Float {
                     if instr_type.size_of() == dst_type.size_of() {
                         Some(ConversionKind::Default)
                     } else if instr_type.size_of() < dst_type.size_of() {
@@ -7728,25 +7530,26 @@ fn should_convert_relaxed_dst(
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
                 if instr_type.size_of() <= dst_type.size_of()
-                    && dst_type.kind() != ScalarKind::Float
+                    && dst_type.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Float
                 {
                     Some(ConversionKind::Default)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ScalarKind::Float => {
-                if instr_type.size_of() <= dst_type.size_of() && dst_type.kind() == ScalarKind::Bit
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= dst_type.size_of()
+                    && dst_type.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
                 {
                     Some(ConversionKind::Default)
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
             }
-            ScalarKind::Float2 => todo!(),
-            ScalarKind::Pred => None,
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float2 => todo!(),
+            ast::ScalarKind::Pred => None,
         },
         (ast::Type::Vector(dst_type, _), ast::Type::Vector(instr_type, _))
         | (ast::Type::Array(dst_type, _), ast::Type::Array(instr_type, _)) => {
@@ -7759,77 +7562,46 @@ fn should_convert_relaxed_dst(
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ast::MethodDecl<'a, &'a str> {
+impl<'a> ast::MethodDeclaration<'a, &'a str> {
     fn name(&self) -> &'a str {
-        match self {
-            ast::MethodDecl::Kernel { name, .. } => name,
-            ast::MethodDecl::Func(_, name, _) => name,
+        match self.name {
+            ast::MethodName::Kernel(name) => name,
+            ast::MethodName::Func(name) => name,
         }
     }
 }
 
-struct SpirvMethodDecl<'input> {
-    input: Vec<ast::Variable<ast::Type, spirv::Word>>,
-    output: Vec<ast::Variable<ast::Type, spirv::Word>>,
-    name: MethodName<'input>,
-    uses_shared_mem: bool,
+impl<'a> ast::MethodDeclaration<'a, spirv::Word> {
+    fn effective_input_arguments(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (spirv::Word, SpirvType)> + '_ {
+        let is_kernel = self.name.is_kernel();
+        self.input_arguments
+            .iter()
+            .map(move |arg| {
+                if !is_kernel && arg.state_space != ast::StateSpace::Reg {
+                    let spirv_type =
+                        SpirvType::pointer_to(arg.v_type.clone(), arg.state_space.to_spirv());
+                    (arg.name, spirv_type)
+                } else {
+                    (arg.name, SpirvType::new(arg.v_type.clone()))
+                }
+            })
+            .chain(self.shared_mem.iter().map(|id| {
+                (
+                    *id,
+                    SpirvType::Pointer(
+                        Box::new(SpirvType::Base(SpirvScalarKey::B8)),
+                        spirv::StorageClass::Workgroup,
+                    ),
+                )
+            }))
+    }
 }
 
-impl<'input> SpirvMethodDecl<'input> {
-    fn new(ast_decl: &ast::MethodDecl<'input, spirv::Word>) -> Self {
-        let (input, output) = match ast_decl {
-            ast::MethodDecl::Kernel { in_args, .. } => {
-                let spirv_input = in_args
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|var| {
-                        let v_type = match &var.v_type {
-                            ast::KernelArgumentType::Normal(t) => {
-                                ast::FnArgumentType::Param(t.clone())
-                            }
-                            ast::KernelArgumentType::Shared => ast::FnArgumentType::Shared,
-                        };
-                        ast::Variable {
-                            name: var.name,
-                            align: var.align,
-                            v_type: v_type.to_kernel_type(),
-                            array_init: var.array_init.clone(),
-                        }
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                (spirv_input, Vec::new())
-            }
-            ast::MethodDecl::Func(out_args, _, in_args) => {
-                let (param_output, non_param_output): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) =
-                    out_args.iter().partition(|var| var.v_type.is_param());
-                let spirv_output = non_param_output
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .cloned()
-                    .map(|var| ast::Variable {
-                        name: var.name,
-                        align: var.align,
-                        v_type: var.v_type.to_func_type(),
-                        array_init: var.array_init.clone(),
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                let spirv_input = param_output
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .cloned()
-                    .chain(in_args.iter().cloned())
-                    .map(|var| ast::Variable {
-                        name: var.name,
-                        align: var.align,
-                        v_type: var.v_type.to_func_type(),
-                        array_init: var.array_init.clone(),
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                (spirv_input, spirv_output)
-            }
-        };
-        SpirvMethodDecl {
-            input,
-            output,
-            name: MethodName::new(ast_decl),
-            uses_shared_mem: false,
+impl<'input, ID> ast::MethodName<'input, ID> {
+    fn is_kernel(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            ast::MethodName::Kernel(..) => true,
+            ast::MethodName::Func(..) => false,
         }
     }
 }
author	Andrzej Janik <[email protected]>	2021-06-25 01:20:38 +0200
committer	Andrzej Janik <[email protected]>	2021-06-25 01:20:38 +0200
commit	8ef6c3d8b600e8757ae723a55cdf9012473ac1bf (patch)
tree	b83d5eb48a5d020b2d06ab0d595d234c3c966aad /ptx
parent	e018de83aec5e25ea13aa11aa5317d6ad35250b1 (diff)
parent	2e8716bf0debf5edfecd616204d0fd2864dc2f4c (diff)
download	ZLUDA-8ef6c3d8b600e8757ae723a55cdf9012473ac1bf.tar.gz ZLUDA-8ef6c3d8b600e8757ae723a55cdf9012473ac1bf.zip