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---
title: Performance
description: Use template metrics and timers to identify opportunities to improve performance.
categories: [troubleshooting]
keywords: []
menu:
docs:
parent: troubleshooting
weight: 60
weight: 60
toc: true
aliases: [/troubleshooting/build-performance/]
---
## Template metrics
Hugo is fast, but inefficient templates impede performance. Enable template metrics to determine which templates take the most time, and to identify caching opportunities:
```sh
hugo --templateMetrics --templateMetricsHints
```
The result will look something like this:
```text
Template Metrics:
cumulative average maximum cache percent cached total
duration duration duration potential cached count count template
---------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------ ----- --------
36.037476822s 135.990478ms 225.765245ms 11 0 0 265 partials/head.html
35.920040902s 164.018451ms 233.475072ms 0 0 0 219 articles/single.html
34.163268129s 128.917992ms 224.816751ms 23 0 0 265 partials/head/meta/opengraph.html
1.041227437s 3.92916ms 186.303376ms 47 0 0 265 partials/head/meta/schema.html
805.628827ms 27.780304ms 114.678523ms 0 0 0 29 _default/list.html
624.08354ms 15.221549ms 108.420729ms 8 0 0 41 partials/utilities/render-page-collection.html
545.968801ms 775.523µs 105.045775ms 0 0 0 704 _default/summary.html
334.680981ms 1.262947ms 127.412027ms 100 0 0 265 partials/head/js.html
272.763205ms 2.050851ms 24.371757ms 0 0 0 133 _default/_markup/render-codeblock.html
230.490038ms 8.865001ms 177.4615ms 0 0 0 26 shortcodes/template.html
176.921913ms 176.921913ms 176.921913ms 0 0 0 1 examples.tmpl
163.951469ms 14.904679ms 70.267953ms 0 0 0 11 articles/list.html
153.07021ms 577.623µs 73.593597ms 100 0 0 265 partials/head/init.html
150.910984ms 150.910984ms 150.910984ms 0 0 0 1 _default/single.html
146.785804ms 146.785804ms 146.785804ms 0 0 0 1 _default/contact.html
115.364617ms 115.364617ms 115.364617ms 0 0 0 1 authors/term.html
87.392071ms 329.781µs 10.687132ms 100 0 0 265 partials/head/css.html
86.803122ms 86.803122ms 86.803122ms 0 0 0 1 _default/home.html
```
From left to right, the columns represent:
cumulative duration
: The cumulative time spent executing the template.
average duration
: The average time spent executing the template.
maximum duration
: The maximum time spent executing the template.
cache potential
: Displayed as a percentage, any partial template with a 100% cache potential should be called with the [`partialCached`] function instead of the [`partial`] function. See the [caching](#caching) section below.
percent cached
: The number of times the rendered templated was cached divided by the number of times the template was executed.
cached count
: The number of times the rendered templated was cached.
total count
: The number of times the template was executed.
template
: The path to the template, relative to the layouts directory.
[`partial`]: /functions/partials/include
[`partialCached`]: /functions/partials/includecached
{{% note %}}
Hugo builds pages in parallel where multiple pages are generated simultaneously. Because of this parallelism, the sum of "cumulative duration" values is usually greater than the actual time it takes to build a site.
{{% /note %}}
## Caching
Some partial templates such as sidebars or menus are executed many times during a site build. Depending on the content within the partial template and the desired output, the template may benefit from caching to reduce the number of executions. The [`partialCached`] template function provides caching capabilities for partial templates.
{{% note %}}
Note that you can create cached variants of each partial by passing additional parameters to `partialCached` beyond the initial context. See the `partialCached` documentation for more details.
{{% /note %}}
## Timers
Use the `debug.Timer` function to determine execution time for a block of code, useful for finding performance bottle necks in templates. See [details](/functions/debug/timer/).
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