5 files changed, 626 insertions, 45 deletions
diff --git a/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs b/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs
index 3060335..235ad7d 100644
--- a/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/pass/emit_llvm.rs
@@ -164,17 +164,16 @@ impl Deref for MemoryBuffer {
 }
 
 pub(super) fn run<'input>(
-    id_defs: &GlobalStringIdResolver<'input>,
-    call_map: MethodsCallMap<'input>,
-    directives: Vec<Directive<'input>>,
+    id_defs: GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
+    directives: Vec<Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>,
 ) -> Result<MemoryBuffer, TranslateError> {
     let context = Context::new();
     let module = Module::new(&context, LLVM_UNNAMED);
-    let mut emit_ctx = ModuleEmitContext::new(&context, &module, id_defs);
+    let mut emit_ctx = ModuleEmitContext::new(&context, &module, &id_defs);
     for directive in directives {
         match directive {
-            Directive::Variable(..) => todo!(),
-            Directive::Method(method) => emit_ctx.emit_method(method)?,
+            Directive2::Variable(..) => todo!(),
+            Directive2::Method(method) => emit_ctx.emit_method(method)?,
         }
     }
     module.write_to_stderr();
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ struct ModuleEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
     context: LLVMContextRef,
     module: LLVMModuleRef,
     builder: Builder,
-    id_defs: &'a GlobalStringIdResolver<'input>,
+    id_defs: &'a GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
     resolver: ResolveIdent,
 }
 
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ModuleEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
     fn new(
         context: &Context,
         module: &Module,
-        id_defs: &'a GlobalStringIdResolver<'input>,
+        id_defs: &'a GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
     ) -> Self {
         ModuleEmitContext {
             context: context.get(),
@@ -215,20 +214,27 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ModuleEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
         LLVMCallConv::LLVMCCallConv as u32
     }
 
-    fn emit_method(&mut self, method: Function<'input>) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
-        let func_decl = method.func_decl.borrow();
+    fn emit_method(
+        &mut self,
+        method: Function2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>,
+    ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
+        let func_decl = method.func_decl;
         let name = method
             .import_as
             .as_deref()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| match func_decl.name {
-                ast::MethodName::Kernel(name) => name,
-                ast::MethodName::Func(id) => self.id_defs.reverse_variables[&id],
-            });
+            .or_else(|| match func_decl.name {
+                ast::MethodName::Kernel(name) => Some(name),
+                ast::MethodName::Func(id) => self.id_defs.ident_map[&id].name.as_deref(),
+            })
+            .ok_or_else(|| error_unreachable())?;
         let name = CString::new(name).map_err(|_| error_unreachable())?;
         let fn_type = get_function_type(
             self.context,
             func_decl.return_arguments.iter().map(|v| &v.v_type),
-            func_decl.input_arguments.iter().map(|v| &v.v_type),
+            func_decl
+                .input_arguments
+                .iter()
+                .map(|v| get_input_argument_type(self.context, &v.v_type, v.state_space)),
         )?;
         let fn_ = unsafe { LLVMAddFunction(self.module, name.as_ptr(), fn_type) };
         if let ast::MethodName::Func(name) = func_decl.name {
@@ -239,6 +245,19 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ModuleEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
             let name = self.resolver.get_or_add(param.name);
             unsafe { LLVMSetValueName2(value, name.as_ptr().cast(), name.len()) };
             self.resolver.register(param.name, value);
+            if func_decl.name.is_kernel() {
+                let attr_kind = unsafe {
+                    LLVMGetEnumAttributeKindForName(b"byref".as_ptr().cast(), b"byref".len())
+                };
+                let attr = unsafe {
+                    LLVMCreateTypeAttribute(
+                        self.context,
+                        attr_kind,
+                        get_type(self.context, &param.v_type)?,
+                    )
+                };
+                unsafe { LLVMAddAttributeAtIndex(fn_, i as u32 + 1, attr) };
+            }
         }
         let call_conv = if func_decl.name.is_kernel() {
             Self::kernel_call_convention()
@@ -264,12 +283,26 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ModuleEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
     }
 }
 
+fn get_input_argument_type(
+    context: LLVMContextRef,
+    v_type: &ptx_parser::Type,
+    state_space: ptx_parser::StateSpace,
+) -> Result<LLVMTypeRef, TranslateError> {
+    match state_space {
+        ptx_parser::StateSpace::ParamEntry => {
+            Ok(unsafe { LLVMPointerTypeInContext(context, get_state_space(state_space)?) })
+        }
+        ptx_parser::StateSpace::Reg => get_type(context, v_type),
+        _ => return Err(error_unreachable()),
+    }
+}
+
 struct MethodEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
     context: LLVMContextRef,
     module: LLVMModuleRef,
     method: LLVMValueRef,
     builder: LLVMBuilderRef,
-    id_defs: &'a GlobalStringIdResolver<'input>,
+    id_defs: &'a GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
     variables_builder: Builder,
     resolver: &'a mut ResolveIdent,
 }
@@ -533,7 +566,9 @@ impl<'a, 'input> MethodEmitContext<'a, 'input> {
         let type_ = get_function_type(
             self.context,
             data.return_arguments.iter().map(|(type_, space)| type_),
-            data.input_arguments.iter().map(|(type_, space)| type_),
+            data.input_arguments
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(type_, space)| get_input_argument_type(self.context, &type_, *space)),
         )?;
         let mut input_arguments = arguments
             .input_arguments
@@ -633,11 +668,10 @@ fn get_scalar_type(context: LLVMContextRef, type_: ast::ScalarType) -> LLVMTypeR
 fn get_function_type<'a>(
     context: LLVMContextRef,
     mut return_args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = &'a ast::Type>,
-    input_args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = &'a ast::Type>,
+    input_args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Result<LLVMTypeRef, TranslateError>>,
 ) -> Result<LLVMTypeRef, TranslateError> {
-    let mut input_args: Vec<*mut llvm_zluda::LLVMType> = input_args
-        .map(|type_| get_type(context, type_))
-        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+    let mut input_args: Vec<*mut llvm_zluda::LLVMType> =
+        input_args.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
     let return_type = match return_args.len() {
         0 => unsafe { LLVMVoidTypeInContext(context) },
         1 => get_type(context, return_args.next().unwrap())?,
@@ -658,7 +692,7 @@ fn get_state_space(space: ast::StateSpace) -> Result<u32, TranslateError> {
         ast::StateSpace::Reg => Ok(PRIVATE_ADDRESS_SPACE),
         ast::StateSpace::Generic => Ok(GENERIC_ADDRESS_SPACE),
         ast::StateSpace::Param => Err(TranslateError::Todo),
-        ast::StateSpace::ParamEntry => Err(TranslateError::Todo),
+        ast::StateSpace::ParamEntry => Ok(CONSTANT_ADDRESS_SPACE),
         ast::StateSpace::ParamFunc => Err(TranslateError::Todo),
         ast::StateSpace::Local => Ok(PRIVATE_ADDRESS_SPACE),
         ast::StateSpace::Global => Ok(GLOBAL_ADDRESS_SPACE),
@@ -675,7 +709,7 @@ struct ResolveIdent {
 }
 
 impl ResolveIdent {
-    fn new<'input>(_id_defs: &GlobalStringIdResolver<'input>) -> Self {
+    fn new<'input>(_id_defs: &GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>) -> Self {
         ResolveIdent {
             words: HashMap::new(),
             values: HashMap::new(),
diff --git a/ptx/src/pass/hoist_globals.rs b/ptx/src/pass/hoist_globals.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..753172a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ptx/src/pass/hoist_globals.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use super::*;
+
+pub(super) fn run<'input>(
+    directives: Vec<Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>,
+) -> Result<Vec<Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>, TranslateError> {
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(directives.len());
+    for mut directive in directives.into_iter() {
+        run_directive(&mut result, &mut directive);
+        result.push(directive);
+    }
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+fn run_directive<'input>(
+    result: &mut Vec<Directive2<'input, ptx_parser::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>,
+    directive: &mut Directive2<'input, ptx_parser::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>,
+) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
+    match directive {
+        Directive2::Variable(..) => {}
+        Directive2::Method(function2) => run_function(result, function2),
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn run_function<'input>(
+    result: &mut Vec<Directive2<'input, ptx_parser::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>,
+    function: &mut Function2<'input, ptx_parser::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>,
+) {
+    function.body = function.body.take().map(|statements| {
+        statements
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|statement| match statement {
+                Statement::Variable(var @ ast::Variable {
+                    state_space:
+                        ast::StateSpace::Global | ast::StateSpace::Const | ast::StateSpace::Shared,
+                    ..
+                }) => {
+                    result.push(Directive2::Variable(ast::LinkingDirective::NONE, var));
+                    None
+                }
+                s => Some(s),
+            })
+            .collect()
+    });
+}
diff --git a/ptx/src/pass/insert_explicit_load_store.rs b/ptx/src/pass/insert_explicit_load_store.rs
index e8f01cd..ec6498c 100644
--- a/ptx/src/pass/insert_explicit_load_store.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/pass/insert_explicit_load_store.rs
@@ -41,10 +41,9 @@ fn run_method<'a, 'input>(
 ) -> Result<Function2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>, TranslateError> {
     let mut func_decl = method.func_decl;
     for arg in func_decl.return_arguments.iter_mut() {
-        visitor.visit_variable(arg);
+        visitor.visit_variable(arg)?;
     }
     let is_kernel = func_decl.name.is_kernel();
-    // let mut prelude = Vec::with_capacity(method.body.as_ref().map(Vec::len).unwrap_or(0));
     if is_kernel {
         for arg in func_decl.input_arguments.iter_mut() {
             let old_name = arg.name;
@@ -85,23 +84,29 @@ fn run_statement<'a, 'input>(
 ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
     match statement {
         Statement::Variable(mut var) => {
-            visitor.visit_variable(&mut var);
+            visitor.visit_variable(&mut var)?;
             result.push(Statement::Variable(var));
         }
         Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::Ld { data, arguments }) => {
             let instruction = visitor.visit_ld(data, arguments)?;
             let instruction = ast::visit_map(instruction, visitor)?;
+            result.extend(visitor.pre.drain(..).map(Statement::Instruction));
             result.push(Statement::Instruction(instruction));
+            result.extend(visitor.post.drain(..).map(Statement::Instruction));
         }
-        Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::St {
-            data,
-            mut arguments,
-        }) => {
+        Statement::Instruction(ast::Instruction::St { data, arguments }) => {
             let instruction = visitor.visit_st(data, arguments)?;
             let instruction = ast::visit_map(instruction, visitor)?;
+            result.extend(visitor.pre.drain(..).map(Statement::Instruction));
             result.push(Statement::Instruction(instruction));
+            result.extend(visitor.post.drain(..).map(Statement::Instruction));
+        }
+        s => {
+            let new_statement = s.visit_map(visitor)?;
+            result.extend(visitor.pre.drain(..).map(Statement::Instruction));
+            result.push(new_statement);
+            result.extend(visitor.post.drain(..).map(Statement::Instruction));
         }
-        s => result.push(s.visit_map(visitor)?),
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -109,6 +114,8 @@ fn run_statement<'a, 'input>(
 struct InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
     resolver: &'a mut GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
     variables: FxHashMap<SpirvWord, RemapAction>,
+    pre: Vec<ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>>,
+    post: Vec<ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>>,
 }
 
 impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
@@ -116,6 +123,8 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
         Self {
             resolver,
             variables: FxHashMap::default(),
+            pre: Vec::new(),
+            post: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -141,14 +150,20 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
 
     fn variable(
         &mut self,
+        type_: &ast::Type,
         old_name: SpirvWord,
         new_name: SpirvWord,
         old_space: ast::StateSpace,
     ) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
         Ok(match old_space {
             ast::StateSpace::Reg => {
-                self.variables
-                    .insert(old_name, RemapAction::PreLdPostSt(new_name));
+                self.variables.insert(
+                    old_name,
+                    RemapAction::PreLdPostSt {
+                        name: new_name,
+                        type_: type_.clone(),
+                    },
+                );
             }
             ast::StateSpace::Param => {
                 self.variables.insert(
@@ -182,7 +197,7 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
     ) -> Result<ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, TranslateError> {
         if let Some(remap) = self.variables.get(&arguments.src1) {
             match remap {
-                RemapAction::PreLdPostSt(_) => return Err(error_mismatched_type()),
+                RemapAction::PreLdPostSt { .. } => {}
                 RemapAction::LDStSpaceChange {
                     old_space,
                     new_space,
@@ -206,7 +221,7 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
     ) -> Result<ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, TranslateError> {
         if let Some(remap) = self.variables.get(&arguments.src) {
             match remap {
-                RemapAction::PreLdPostSt(_) => return Err(error_mismatched_type()),
+                RemapAction::PreLdPostSt { .. } => {}
                 RemapAction::LDStSpaceChange {
                     old_space,
                     new_space,
@@ -223,7 +238,7 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
         Ok(ast::Instruction::Ld { data, arguments })
     }
 
-    fn visit_variable(&mut self, var: &mut ast::Variable<SpirvWord>) {
+    fn visit_variable(&mut self, var: &mut ast::Variable<SpirvWord>) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
         if var.state_space != ast::StateSpace::Local {
             let old_name = var.name;
             let old_space = var.state_space;
@@ -231,10 +246,11 @@ impl<'a, 'input> InsertMemSSAVisitor<'a, 'input> {
             let new_name = self
                 .resolver
                 .register_unnamed(Some((var.v_type.clone(), new_space)));
-            self.variable(old_name, new_name, old_space);
+            self.variable(&var.v_type, old_name, new_name, old_space)?;
             var.name = new_name;
             var.state_space = new_space;
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
@@ -243,12 +259,58 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ast::VisitorMap<SpirvWord, SpirvWord, TranslateError>
 {
     fn visit(
         &mut self,
-        args: SpirvWord,
+        ident: SpirvWord,
         type_space: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
         is_dst: bool,
         relaxed_type_check: bool,
     ) -> Result<SpirvWord, TranslateError> {
-        todo!()
+        if let Some(remap) = self.variables.get(&ident) {
+            match remap {
+                RemapAction::PreLdPostSt { name, type_ } => {
+                    if is_dst {
+                        let temp = self
+                            .resolver
+                            .register_unnamed(Some((type_.clone(), ast::StateSpace::Reg)));
+                        self.post.push(ast::Instruction::St {
+                            data: ast::StData {
+                                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Local,
+                                qualifier: ast::LdStQualifier::Weak,
+                                caching: ast::StCacheOperator::Writethrough,
+                                typ: type_.clone(),
+                            },
+                            arguments: ast::StArgs {
+                                src1: *name,
+                                src2: temp,
+                            },
+                        });
+                        Ok(temp)
+                    } else {
+                        let temp = self
+                            .resolver
+                            .register_unnamed(Some((type_.clone(), ast::StateSpace::Reg)));
+                        self.pre.push(ast::Instruction::Ld {
+                            data: ast::LdDetails {
+                                state_space: ast::StateSpace::Local,
+                                qualifier: ast::LdStQualifier::Weak,
+                                caching: ast::LdCacheOperator::Cached,
+                                typ: type_.clone(),
+                                non_coherent: false,
+                            },
+                            arguments: ast::LdArgs {
+                                dst: temp,
+                                src: *name,
+                            },
+                        });
+                        Ok(temp)
+                    }
+                }
+                RemapAction::LDStSpaceChange { .. } => {
+                    return Err(error_mismatched_type());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Ok(ident)
+        }
     }
 
     fn visit_ident(
@@ -262,9 +324,12 @@ impl<'a, 'input> ast::VisitorMap<SpirvWord, SpirvWord, TranslateError>
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 enum RemapAction {
-    PreLdPostSt(SpirvWord),
+    PreLdPostSt {
+        name: SpirvWord,
+        type_: ast::Type,
+    },
     LDStSpaceChange {
         old_space: ast::StateSpace,
         new_space: ast::StateSpace,
diff --git a/ptx/src/pass/insert_implicit_conversions2.rs b/ptx/src/pass/insert_implicit_conversions2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f738f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ptx/src/pass/insert_implicit_conversions2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+use std::mem;
+
+use super::*;
+use ptx_parser as ast;
+
+/*
+ There are several kinds of implicit conversions in PTX:
+ * auto-bitcast: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#type-information-for-instructions-and-operands
+ * special ld/st/cvt conversion rules: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#operand-size-exceeding-instruction-type-size
+   - ld.param: not documented, but for instruction `ld.param.<type> x, [y]`,
+     semantics are to first zext/chop/bitcast `y` as needed and then do
+     documented special ld/st/cvt conversion rules for destination operands
+   - st.param [x] y (used as function return arguments) same rule as above applies
+   - generic/global ld: for instruction `ld x, [y]`, y must be of type
+     b64/u64/s64, which is bitcast to a pointer, dereferenced and then
+     documented special ld/st/cvt conversion rules are applied to dst
+   - generic/global st: for instruction `st [x], y`, x must be of type
+     b64/u64/s64, which is bitcast to a pointer
+*/
+pub(super) fn run<'input>(
+    resolver: &mut GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
+    directives: Vec<Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>,
+) -> Result<Vec<Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>>, TranslateError> {
+    directives
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|directive| run_directive(resolver, directive))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+}
+
+fn run_directive<'a, 'input>(
+    resolver: &mut GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
+    directive: Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>,
+) -> Result<Directive2<'input, ast::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>, TranslateError> {
+    Ok(match directive {
+        var @ Directive2::Variable(..) => var,
+        Directive2::Method(mut method) => {
+            method.body = method
+                .body
+                .map(|statements| run_statements(resolver, statements))
+                .transpose()?;
+            Directive2::Method(method)
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+fn run_statements<'input>(
+    resolver: &mut GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
+    func: Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
+) -> Result<Vec<ExpandedStatement>, TranslateError> {
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(func.len());
+    for s in func.into_iter() {
+        insert_implicit_conversions_impl(resolver, &mut result, s)?;
+    }
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+fn insert_implicit_conversions_impl<'input>(
+    resolver: &mut GlobalStringIdentResolver2<'input>,
+    func: &mut Vec<ExpandedStatement>,
+    stmt: ExpandedStatement,
+) -> Result<(), TranslateError> {
+    let mut post_conv = Vec::new();
+    let statement = stmt.visit_map::<SpirvWord, TranslateError>(
+        &mut |operand,
+              type_state: Option<(&ast::Type, ast::StateSpace)>,
+              is_dst,
+              relaxed_type_check| {
+            let (instr_type, instruction_space) = match type_state {
+                None => return Ok(operand),
+                Some(t) => t,
+            };
+            let (operand_type, operand_space) = resolver.get_typed(operand)?;
+            let conversion_fn = if relaxed_type_check {
+                if is_dst {
+                    should_convert_relaxed_dst_wrapper
+                } else {
+                    should_convert_relaxed_src_wrapper
+                }
+            } else {
+                default_implicit_conversion
+            };
+            match conversion_fn(
+                (*operand_space, &operand_type),
+                (instruction_space, instr_type),
+            )? {
+                Some(conv_kind) => {
+                    let conv_output = if is_dst { &mut post_conv } else { &mut *func };
+                    let mut from_type = instr_type.clone();
+                    let mut from_space = instruction_space;
+                    let mut to_type = operand_type.clone();
+                    let mut to_space = *operand_space;
+                    let mut src =
+                        resolver.register_unnamed(Some((instr_type.clone(), instruction_space)));
+                    let mut dst = operand;
+                    let result = Ok::<_, TranslateError>(src);
+                    if !is_dst {
+                        mem::swap(&mut src, &mut dst);
+                        mem::swap(&mut from_type, &mut to_type);
+                        mem::swap(&mut from_space, &mut to_space);
+                    }
+                    conv_output.push(Statement::Conversion(ImplicitConversion {
+                        src,
+                        dst,
+                        from_type,
+                        from_space,
+                        to_type,
+                        to_space,
+                        kind: conv_kind,
+                    }));
+                    result
+                }
+                None => Ok(operand),
+            }
+        },
+    )?;
+    func.push(statement);
+    func.append(&mut post_conv);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn default_implicit_conversion(
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
+    if instruction_space == ast::StateSpace::Reg {
+        if operand_space == ast::StateSpace::Reg {
+            if let (ast::Type::Vector(vec_len, vec_underlying_type), ast::Type::Scalar(scalar)) =
+                (operand_type, instruction_type)
+            {
+                if scalar.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                    && scalar.size_of() == (vec_underlying_type.size_of() * vec_len)
+                {
+                    return Ok(Some(ConversionKind::Default));
+                }
+            }
+        } else if is_addressable(operand_space) {
+            return Ok(Some(ConversionKind::AddressOf));
+        }
+    }
+    if instruction_space != operand_space {
+        default_implicit_conversion_space(
+            (operand_space, operand_type),
+            (instruction_space, instruction_type),
+        )
+    } else if instruction_type != operand_type {
+        default_implicit_conversion_type(instruction_space, operand_type, instruction_type)
+    } else {
+        Ok(None)
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_addressable(this: ast::StateSpace) -> bool {
+    match this {
+        ast::StateSpace::Const
+        | ast::StateSpace::Generic
+        | ast::StateSpace::Global
+        | ast::StateSpace::Local
+        | ast::StateSpace::Shared => true,
+        ast::StateSpace::Param | ast::StateSpace::Reg => false,
+        ast::StateSpace::SharedCluster
+        | ast::StateSpace::SharedCta
+        | ast::StateSpace::ParamEntry
+        | ast::StateSpace::ParamFunc => todo!(),
+    }
+}
+
+// Space is different
+fn default_implicit_conversion_space(
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
+    if (instruction_space == ast::StateSpace::Generic && coerces_to_generic(operand_space))
+        || (operand_space == ast::StateSpace::Generic && coerces_to_generic(instruction_space))
+    {
+        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
+    } else if operand_space == ast::StateSpace::Reg {
+        match operand_type {
+            ast::Type::Pointer(operand_ptr_type, operand_ptr_space)
+                if *operand_ptr_space == instruction_space =>
+            {
+                if instruction_type != &ast::Type::Scalar(*operand_ptr_type) {
+                    Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(None)
+                }
+            }
+            // TODO: 32 bit
+            ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B64)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U64)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S64) => match instruction_space {
+                ast::StateSpace::Global
+                | ast::StateSpace::Generic
+                | ast::StateSpace::Const
+                | ast::StateSpace::Local
+                | ast::StateSpace::Shared => Ok(Some(ConversionKind::BitToPtr)),
+                _ => Err(error_mismatched_type()),
+            },
+            ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::B32)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::U32)
+            | ast::Type::Scalar(ast::ScalarType::S32) => match instruction_space {
+                ast::StateSpace::Const | ast::StateSpace::Local | ast::StateSpace::Shared => {
+                    Ok(Some(ConversionKind::BitToPtr))
+                }
+                _ => Err(error_mismatched_type()),
+            },
+            _ => Err(error_mismatched_type()),
+        }
+    } else if instruction_space == ast::StateSpace::Reg {
+        match instruction_type {
+            ast::Type::Pointer(instruction_ptr_type, instruction_ptr_space)
+                if operand_space == *instruction_ptr_space =>
+            {
+                if operand_type != &ast::Type::Scalar(*instruction_ptr_type) {
+                    Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(None)
+                }
+            }
+            _ => Err(error_mismatched_type()),
+        }
+    } else {
+        Err(error_mismatched_type())
+    }
+}
+
+// Space is same, but type is different
+fn default_implicit_conversion_type(
+    space: ast::StateSpace,
+    operand_type: &ast::Type,
+    instruction_type: &ast::Type,
+) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
+    if space == ast::StateSpace::Reg {
+        if should_bitcast(instruction_type, operand_type) {
+            Ok(Some(ConversionKind::Default))
+        } else {
+            Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType)
+        }
+    } else {
+        Ok(Some(ConversionKind::PtrToPtr))
+    }
+}
+
+fn coerces_to_generic(this: ast::StateSpace) -> bool {
+    match this {
+        ast::StateSpace::Global
+        | ast::StateSpace::Const
+        | ast::StateSpace::Local
+        | ptx_parser::StateSpace::SharedCta
+        | ast::StateSpace::SharedCluster
+        | ast::StateSpace::Shared => true,
+        ast::StateSpace::Reg
+        | ast::StateSpace::Param
+        | ast::StateSpace::ParamEntry
+        | ast::StateSpace::ParamFunc
+        | ast::StateSpace::Generic => false,
+    }
+}
+
+fn should_bitcast(instr: &ast::Type, operand: &ast::Type) -> bool {
+    match (instr, operand) {
+        (ast::Type::Scalar(inst), ast::Type::Scalar(operand)) => {
+            if inst.size_of() != operand.size_of() {
+                return false;
+            }
+            match inst.kind() {
+                ast::ScalarKind::Bit => operand.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Bit,
+                ast::ScalarKind::Float => operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit,
+                ast::ScalarKind::Signed => {
+                    operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                        || operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned
+                }
+                ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
+                    operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                        || operand.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Signed
+                }
+                ast::ScalarKind::Pred => false,
+            }
+        }
+        (ast::Type::Vector(_, inst), ast::Type::Vector(_, operand))
+        | (ast::Type::Array(_, inst, _), ast::Type::Array(_, operand, _)) => {
+            should_bitcast(&ast::Type::Scalar(*inst), &ast::Type::Scalar(*operand))
+        }
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn should_convert_relaxed_dst_wrapper(
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
+    if operand_space != instruction_space {
+        return Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType);
+    }
+    if operand_type == instruction_type {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    match should_convert_relaxed_dst(operand_type, instruction_type) {
+        conv @ Some(_) => Ok(conv),
+        None => Err(TranslateError::MismatchedType),
+    }
+}
+
+// https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#operand-size-exceeding-instruction-type-size__relaxed-type-checking-rules-destination-operands
+fn should_convert_relaxed_dst(
+    dst_type: &ast::Type,
+    instr_type: &ast::Type,
+) -> Option<ConversionKind> {
+    if dst_type == instr_type {
+        return None;
+    }
+    match (dst_type, instr_type) {
+        (ast::Type::Scalar(dst_type), ast::Type::Scalar(instr_type)) => match instr_type.kind() {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Bit => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= dst_type.size_of() {
+                    Some(ConversionKind::Default)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            ast::ScalarKind::Signed => {
+                if dst_type.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Float {
+                    if instr_type.size_of() == dst_type.size_of() {
+                        Some(ConversionKind::Default)
+                    } else if instr_type.size_of() < dst_type.size_of() {
+                        Some(ConversionKind::SignExtend)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= dst_type.size_of()
+                    && dst_type.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Float
+                {
+                    Some(ConversionKind::Default)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= dst_type.size_of()
+                    && dst_type.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                {
+                    Some(ConversionKind::Default)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            ast::ScalarKind::Pred => None,
+        },
+        (ast::Type::Vector(_, dst_type), ast::Type::Vector(_, instr_type))
+        | (ast::Type::Array(_, dst_type, _), ast::Type::Array(_, instr_type, _)) => {
+            should_convert_relaxed_dst(
+                &ast::Type::Scalar(*dst_type),
+                &ast::Type::Scalar(*instr_type),
+            )
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn should_convert_relaxed_src_wrapper(
+    (operand_space, operand_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+    (instruction_space, instruction_type): (ast::StateSpace, &ast::Type),
+) -> Result<Option<ConversionKind>, TranslateError> {
+    if operand_space != instruction_space {
+        return Err(error_mismatched_type());
+    }
+    if operand_type == instruction_type {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    match should_convert_relaxed_src(operand_type, instruction_type) {
+        conv @ Some(_) => Ok(conv),
+        None => Err(error_mismatched_type()),
+    }
+}
+
+// https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution/index.html#operand-size-exceeding-instruction-type-size__relaxed-type-checking-rules-source-operands
+fn should_convert_relaxed_src(
+    src_type: &ast::Type,
+    instr_type: &ast::Type,
+) -> Option<ConversionKind> {
+    if src_type == instr_type {
+        return None;
+    }
+    match (src_type, instr_type) {
+        (ast::Type::Scalar(src_type), ast::Type::Scalar(instr_type)) => match instr_type.kind() {
+            ast::ScalarKind::Bit => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= src_type.size_of() {
+                    Some(ConversionKind::Default)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            ast::ScalarKind::Signed | ast::ScalarKind::Unsigned => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= src_type.size_of()
+                    && src_type.kind() != ast::ScalarKind::Float
+                {
+                    Some(ConversionKind::Default)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            ast::ScalarKind::Float => {
+                if instr_type.size_of() <= src_type.size_of()
+                    && src_type.kind() == ast::ScalarKind::Bit
+                {
+                    Some(ConversionKind::Default)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            ast::ScalarKind::Pred => None,
+        },
+        (ast::Type::Vector(_, dst_type), ast::Type::Vector(_, instr_type))
+        | (ast::Type::Array(_, dst_type, _), ast::Type::Array(_, instr_type, _)) => {
+            should_convert_relaxed_src(
+                &ast::Type::Scalar(*dst_type),
+                &ast::Type::Scalar(*instr_type),
+            )
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs b/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs
index b82d3c5..0e233ed 100644
--- a/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs
+++ b/ptx/src/pass/mod.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ mod expand_operands;
 mod extract_globals;
 mod fix_special_registers;
 mod fix_special_registers2;
+mod hoist_globals;
 mod insert_explicit_load_store;
 mod insert_implicit_conversions;
+mod insert_implicit_conversions2;
 mod insert_mem_ssa_statements;
 mod normalize_identifiers;
 mod normalize_identifiers2;
@@ -67,11 +69,13 @@ pub fn to_llvm_module<'input>(ast: ast::Module<'input>) -> Result<Module, Transl
         })?;
     normalize_variable_decls(&mut directives);
     let denorm_information = compute_denorm_information(&directives);
-    let llvm_ir = emit_llvm::run(&id_defs, call_map, directives)?;
+    todo!()
+    /*
+    let llvm_ir: emit_llvm::MemoryBuffer = emit_llvm::run(&id_defs, call_map, directives)?;
     Ok(Module {
         llvm_ir,
         kernel_info: HashMap::new(),
-    })
+    }) */
 }
 
 pub fn to_llvm_module2<'input>(ast: ast::Module<'input>) -> Result<Module, TranslateError> {
@@ -82,10 +86,17 @@ pub fn to_llvm_module2<'input>(ast: ast::Module<'input>) -> Result<Module, Trans
     let directives = normalize_predicates2::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
     let directives = resolve_function_pointers::run(directives)?;
     let directives = fix_special_registers2::run(&mut flat_resolver, &sreg_map, directives)?;
-    let directives = expand_operands::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
+    let directives: Vec<Directive2<'_, ptx_parser::Instruction<SpirvWord>, SpirvWord>> =
+        expand_operands::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
     let directives = deparamize_functions::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
     let directives = insert_explicit_load_store::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
-    todo!()
+    let directives = insert_implicit_conversions2::run(&mut flat_resolver, directives)?;
+    let directives = hoist_globals::run(directives)?;
+    let llvm_ir = emit_llvm::run(flat_resolver, directives)?;
+    Ok(Module {
+        llvm_ir,
+        kernel_info: HashMap::new(),
+    })
 }
 
 fn translate_directive<'input, 'a>(